II. World Bank Group - · PDF fileGlossary of AidFlows terms World Bank Group 7 WORLD BANK...

Glossary of AidFlows terms

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This Glossary is organized alphabetical by section, with the exception of Development Statistics

& Goals.

II. World Bank Group DEFINITIONS

Click here for Trust Fund Definitions

AidFlows Acronyms:

World Bank

Group

Development

Statistics and

Goals:

By WBG entity:

World Bank (IBRD & IDA)

IFC

MIGA

III. Asian Development Bank DEFINITIONS:

I. OECD DEFINITIONS

Donor and Beneficiary View terminology as set out by OECD-DAC

Please click on a section below

By WBG entity:


IFC

MIGA

By WBG entity:


IV. Inter American Development Bank

DEFINITIONS:

Glossary of AidFlows terms OECD

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OECD DEFINITIONS:

Bilateral ODA Bilateral transactions are those undertaken by a donor country directly with an aid recipient. They also include transactions with national and international non-government organizations active in development and other internal development-related transactions such as interest subsidies, spending on promotion of development awareness and administrative costs. Bilateral ODA includes project and programme aid, technical cooperation, developmental food aid, debt relief and humanitarian aid.

Commitment A firm obligation, expressed in writing and backed by the necessary funds, undertaken by an official donor to provide specified assistance to a recipient country or a multilateral organisation. Bilateral commitments are recorded in the full amount of expected transfer, irrespective of the time required for the completion of disbursements. Commitments to multilateral organisations are reported as the sum of (i) any disbursements in the year reported on which have not previously been notified as commitments and (ii) expected disbursements in the following year.

Country Programmable Aid (CPA)

Country Programmable Aid (CPA) is the portion of aid donors programme at country/regional level. It is closer to capturing actual aid flows to countries than the concept of Official Development Assistance (ODA), and has been proven a good proxy for aid recorded at country level. CPA is defined through exclusions, by subtracting from total gross bilateral ODA activities that: (i) are inherently unpredictable (humanitarian aid and debt relief) (ii) entail no cross-border flows (administrative costs, imputed student costs, promotion of development awareness, and costs related to research and refugees in donor countries) (iii) do not form part of co-operation agreements between governments (food aid, aid from local governments, core funding to NGOs, ODA equity investments, aid through secondary agencies, and aid which is not allocable by country or region)

Constant Dollars

In DAC publications, flow data are expressed in US dollars (USD). To give a truer idea of the volume of flows over time, data can be presented in constant prices and exchange rates, with a reference year specified. This means that adjustment has been made to cover both inflation in the donor’s currency between the year in question and the reference year, and changes in the exchange rate between that currency and the United States dollar over the same period. The DAC has developed deflators for resource flows that convert data in current dollars (i.e. using the exchange rates prevailing in the year of the flow) to data in constant dollars (i.e. to dollars with

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the purchasing power they had in a recent reference year). The methodology is explained on the OECD’s website. The OECD section of the of AidFlows contains data stated in constant US dollars with the exception of the two graphs in the tab "ODA as % of GNI & per Capita" which are in current dollars as as percentages, the current/constant distinction is irrelevant.

Development Assistance Committee (DAC):

Development Assistance Committee (DAC) is the specialized committee of the OECD that serves as a forum for discussions on aid and development among the main Western aid donors. It comprises 28 countries and the European Commission (EC). For the purpose of data reporting, the EC is not included. Apart from DAC members, many non-DAC countries report to the OECD on their development finance flows.

DAC Members The DAC has 29 DAC members: 1. Australia 2. Austria 3. Belgium 4. Canada 5. The Czech Republic 6. Denmark 7. Finland 8. France 9. Germany 10. Greece 11. Iceland 12. Ireland 13. Italy 14. Japan 15. Korea 16. Luxembourg 17. The Netherlands 18. New Zealand 19. Norway 20. Poland 21. Portugal 22. Slovak Republic 23. Slovenia 24. Spain 25. Sweden 26. Switzerland 27. United Kingdom 28. United States 29. European Union Institutions

DAC-EU Members The 19 members of the European Union that are also members of


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the DAC. This set of countries does not include the entire membership of the European Union.

Debt Relief Includes total debt forgiveness and other action on debt such as debt conversion and debt buybacks.

Disbursement The release of funds to or the purchase of goods or services for a recipient; by extension, the amount thus spent. Disbursements record the actual international transfer of financial resources, or of goods or services valued at the cost to the donor. In the case of activities carried out in donor countries, such as training, administration or public awareness programmes, disbursement is taken to have occurred when the funds have been transferred to the service provider or the recipient. They may be recorded gross (the total amount disbursed over a given accounting period) or net (the gross amount less any repayments of loan principal or recoveries on grants received during the same period). It can take several years to disburse a commitment.

European Union Note: The data referred to under European Union are calculated as a sum of available data for EU countries.

G7 Note: The data referred to under G7 are calculated as a sum of available data for G7 countries.

G8 Note: The data referred to under G8 are calculated as a sum of available data for G8 countries.

Gross National Income (GNI) Gross National Income (GNI): previously known as Gross National Product (GNP), Gross National Income comprises the total value of goods and services produced within a country (i.e. its Gross Domestic Product), together with its income received from other countries (notably interest and dividends), less similar payments made to other countries.

Multilateral ODA Multilateral contributions made by a donor to a recipient institution which: 1. conducts all or part of its activities in favor of development; 2. is an international agency, institution or organization whose members are governments, or a fund managed autonomously by such an agency; and 3. pools contributions so that they lose their identity and become an integral part of its financial assets.

Multilateral ODA: Other Agencies

Other Agencies refer to Multilateral Development Banks, UN Agencies and other organizations such as the GFATM.

Multilateral outflows As opposed to multilateral ODA (those flows from bilateral

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providers of development co-operation to core resources of a multilateral organisation), multilateral outflows is the spending by multilateral organisations of their core resources. These data are collected by the OECD in order to provide a more detailed picture of the geographical and sectoral allocation of funds going to recipient countries.

Net Debt Relief Grants Includes debt forgiveness, other action on debt, and offsetting entries for forgiven debt. Rescheduled loans are not included.

Official Development Assistance (ODA)

Official Development Assistance (ODA) is defined as those flows to developing countries on the DAC List of ODA Recipients and to multilateral development institutions which are: 1. provided by official agencies, including state and local

governments, or by their executive agencies;

2. and each transaction of which: a. is administered with the promotion of the economic

development and welfare of developing countries as its main objective; and

b. is concessional in character and conveys a grant element of at least 25 per cent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent per annum).

ODA data in this report are based on net disbursements in current US dollars (Table DAC1).

Other Multilaterals In this report, comprise UN agencies, European Commission (EC), Montreal Protocol (MP), Global Environment Facility (GEF), Regional Development Banks (RDBs), and other recipient institutions as defined above. The Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (GFATM) reported in Bilateral ODA.

Recipient institutions Multilateral agencies such as UN agencies, EC development agencies, IDA, GEF, Regional Development Banks, etc.

Sector Allocable Aid As only a portion of aid can be allocated to sectors, when measuring shares of aid to specific sectors it is recommended to limit the denominator to aid that can be apportioned. Otherwise there is an implicit assumption that none of the aid unallocable by sector benefits the specific sectors under review. Sector allocable contributions cover sectors 100 to 400 or purpose codes 11110 to 43082 of the list. Contributions not subject to allocation include general budget support, actions related to debt, humanitarian aid and internal transactions in the donor country.

World Bank Comprises International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

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(IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and International Finance Corporation (IFC). (In World Bank terminology, the four listed institutions comprise the World Bank Group, and the term “World Bank” applies to IBRD or IBRD and IDA together.)

Glossary of AidFlows terms World Bank Group

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WORLD BANK GROUP DEFINITIONS:

Fiscal year July 1 to June 30

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) makes loans and grants and provides analytical and advisory services to middle-income and creditworthy poorer countries, promoting sustainable development to reduce poverty.

International Development Association (IDA)

IDA generally provides interest-free loans (“credits”) and grants to the poorest developing countries in order to boost their economic growth and improve living conditions. IDA complements the World Bank's other lending arm - the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).

International Finance Corporation (IFC)

IFC promotes private sector investment in client countries.

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

ICSID settles investment disputes between foreign investors and their host countries.

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)

MIGA provides political risk insurance (guarantees) to investors and lenders in client countries.


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WORLD BANK (IBRD & IDA) DEFINITIONS

Donor View Definitions:

Amounts Paid-in see note on Contributions Paid-in

Amounts Subject to Call (IBRD)

The subscription of each member is in two parts: paid-in and subject to call. The callable portion may be called by IBRD only as needed to meet its bond and guarantee obligations.

Contributions Funds provided or to be provided based on the basis of a signed agreement between Donor(s) and IDA or the Bank (as trustee/ administrator for the trust fund).

Contributions Paid-In Amount of Contribution received by the Bank in the form of Cash or Promissory Notes. All contributions paid-in (cash and promissory notes, net of certain discounts) are reported based on historical values using the date of receipt. For cash receipts, the Foreign Exchange value is posted when the FX conversion has been effected. For trust funds, Contributions paid-In may include Contribution transfers from other trust funds. Where applicable, transfer amounts are footnoted on a cumulative basis; and in presentation of the total contribution amount net of transfers between trust funds by fiscal year. For FIFs, contributions-paid in may include transfers to or from other funds. Minor double counting may occur.

Donor Any entity including sovereign governments, intergovernmental

institutions, private nonprofit entities, and private for-profit

organizations that contributes funds to IDA or to be held in trust by

IBRD. A World Bank Group entity is considered a donor when

making a contribution from its own income or from surplus.

Donor Agency (under All Funds tab)

Refers to the Government Agency (if applicable) from which the donor contribution is received

Financial Intermediary Funds (FIFs)

Trust funds that involve financial engineering or complex financial mechanisms, or where the Bank provides a specified set of administrative, financial, or operational services.


Fund (under all Funds tab) Refer to the Trust Fund program as recorded in the WBG systems

IDA and GEF Replenishment The value of contributions using the corresponding Replenishment at


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data (Historical US$ M)

the agreed exchange rate.

IDA Replenishments

The process of periodic review of the adequacy of IDA resources and authorization of additional subscriptions. Under IDA's Board of Governors, Replenishments require approval by a two-thirds majority of the total voting power. IDA Replenishment data (Historical US$ M and Basic Share %) - amounts show the value of contributions using the corresponding Replenishment agreed exchange rate. Basic Share % represents donor basic burdenshare for IDA replenishments. Supplemental amounts are any amounts contributed beyond the amount of the basic burdenshare.

ID00 = Initial Subscription for Membership FY84 = FY84 account (special contributions provided in FY84) SPLF = Special Facility Fund (special contributions provided in FY84) SFA = Special Facility (special contributions provided in FY86-88 for the African Facility Fund) INTF = Interim Trust Fund - First year of IDA11 (FY97) MDRI = Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative

GEF Replenishments

GEF Replenishment data (Historical US$ M and Basic Share %) - amounts show the value of contributions using the corresponding Replenishment agreed exchange rate. Basic Share % represents donor basic burdenshare for GEF replenishments. Contributions to the GEF Pilot Phase (GF00) and contributions from recipient donors are not structured based on burden-sharing and therefore basic shares are not applicable.

GF00 = GEF Pilot Phase GF01 = First Replenishment of the GEF GF02 = Second Replenishment of the GEF GF03 = Third Replenishment of the GEF GF04 = Fourth Replenishment of the GEF GF05= Fifth Replenishment of the GEF

Grant Funds made available to an external recipient or the Bank for

implementation of development activities that carry no repayment

obligation when utilized for the agreed activities. Grant amounts are

included in Commitment figures and Disbursements. Grant amounts

are not included in Outstanding Balances considering that grant

funds disbursed are not repayable.

Grant Types The World Bank has three types of grants: i)Stand-alone; ii) Co-financing - Funding provided to supplement IBRD/IDA loans,


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credits, grants, or guarantees provided for a particular project or program iii) Debt Service

Outstanding Contributions Amount of the Contribution yet to be paid-in.

Promissory Note A promise to pay which is irrevocable and legally binding. Promissory notes are payable on demand, can be paid in accordance with agreed schedules, and are non-interest bearing.

Ranking

Rank in descending order of members with respect to % of Voting Power.

Recipient Executed Trust Fund

Recipient Executed Trust Funds are used to prepare and co-finance IBRD/IDA projects, GEF projects and to fully finance other Recipient Executed (RE) Projects. The Bank introduced the RE Product Line in June 2006 as a step among others towards enhanced recording of deliverables and cost relating to such recipient executed, trust fund financed, projects.

Subscribed Amounts (IBRD, IFC, MIGA)

Amount of shares allocated or authorized under a specific Board of Governors resolution, and issued to members.

Trust Fund A financing arrangement set up with contributions from one or more donors and in some cases from a World Bank Group entity. A Trust Fund can be country specific, regional, or global in its geographic scope; it can be free-standing, i.e., financing a set of pre-defined activities, or it can be on a programmatic basis.

Trust Fund data (Donor view only) includes all TF types but excludes Externally Funded Outputs (EFOs) and ICSID trust funds. Trust Fund data in the Beneficiary view includes only Recipient Executed Trust Funds.

Trustee (column under “All Funds” tab)

Refers to the TF number used in the World Bank system to identify the account to which contributions are received from donors.

The World Bank The World Bank or “the Bank” generally refers to IBRD or IBRD and IDA together.

Unsubscribed Shares (%) (IBRD, IFC, MIGA)

% of shares not allocated or authorized to a member under a specific Board of Governors resolution.

Unsubscribed Voting Power (%) (IBRD)

See unsubscribed shares.

Voting Power (IBRD, IFC, MIGA) Each shareholder is allocated a certain number of votes linked to the size of its shareholding. The votes include a specified number of

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membership votes (which is the same for all members) and additional votes based on the number of shares held. The number of votes of a member expressed as a percentage of the total number of votes held by all shareholders is the member’s voting power.

Voting Power (IDA) IDA's voting rights consist of a combination of membership and subscription votes. Voting rights accorded to IDA members are based on participation in the initial subscription and subsequent replenishments. All members -- Part I and Part II -- have the same number of membership votes. Voting rights accorded to IDA members are based on subscriptions and contributions. Subscription votes are calculated at a specific cost per vote for each replenishment and are dependent on each members' subscription amount. Additional votes are provided to members who contribute to the replenishment.

WORLD BANK (IBRD & IDA) DEFINITIONS

Beneficiary View Definitions:

Disbursements (by fiscal year) Principal outflow in the course of the fiscal year.

Donor Any entity including sovereign governments, intergovernmental

institutions, private nonprofit entities, and private for-profit

organizations that contributes funds to IDA or to be held in trust by

IBRD. A World Bank Group entity is considered a donor when

making a contribution from its own income or from surplus.


Grant Funds made available to an external recipient or the Bank for

implementation of development activities that carry no repayment

obligation when utilized for the agreed activities. Grant amounts are

included in Commitment figures and Disbursements. Grant amounts

are not included in Outstanding Balances considering that grant

funds disbursed are not repayable.

Gross Commitments (by fiscal

year)

Total amount of loan and grant approvals by the Executive Directors

of the World Bank in the course of a fiscal year. Amounts include

guarantees approved by the Board of Directors during the fiscal year.


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IBRD/IDA TF Co-financed An arrangement under which funds provided by third parties (the co-

financier(s)) are associated with IBRD/IDA funds or guarantees

provided for a particular project or program.

IBRD/IDA TF Disbursements Disbursements made under an IBRD/IDA Trust Fund Program: A set

of Trust Fund(s) with shared development objective(s) established

under a common governance set-up.

Number of IBRD/IDA & TF

Projects

The total number of grants approved in the course of a fiscal year.

Outstanding Balances Stock amount of the cumulative principal disbursements to clients,

which remains outstanding at fiscal year-end. IDA grant amounts are

not included.

Undisbursed Commitments (as

of a fiscal year-end)

Stock amount available for disbursement at fiscal year-end.

Amounts do not include guarantees. For IDA, undisbursed grant

amounts and PPA (Project Preparation Facility) are included.

World Bank The World Bank or “the Bank” generally refers to IBRD or IBRD and

IDA together.

WORLD BANK GROUP DEFINITIONS

IFC Definitions:

B-loans Loans for which IFC is lender of record and in which commercial banks or other financial institutions acquire participations. Participants share risks with IFC, Pari Passu. IFC will originate loan for account of participants only when it makes A-Loan for its own account. Interest, or participation, of banks in B-loan is always non-recourse to IFC.

Disbursement

Principal outflow from IFC to a client, in accordance with the Investment Agreement.


Gross Commitments (by fiscal year)

Amount of the legal obligations, entered into by IFC in the course of a fiscal year, to provide financial products to IFC clients, including the amount related to any B-loans.


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Investment Agreement

Set of legal documents defining contractual rights and obligations between IFC and a client related to the provision of Financial Products, including Restructuring and Rescheduling agreements.

Outstanding Balances

For Loans For Equity For Guarantee

Stock amount of disbursements to clients, which remains outstanding at fiscal year-end. Outstanding balances are IFC’s exposure to a client (not including B-loans), calculated according to product, as follows:

Cumulative principal disbursements from IFC to a client in accordance with the Investment Agreement, net of Sales, Transfers, Repayments, Prepayments, Discounts, Write-Off - External, Write-Off - Internal, Conversions, and Capitalizations. Amounts paid for Purchased Loan - IFC and Notional Disbursements are included.

Cumulative principal disbursements from IFC to a client, in accordance with the Investment Agreement, net of Sales, Transfers, Write-Off - External, Write-Off - Internal, Conversions, and receipts from oil-related Unincorporated Joint Ventures (UJV) (which will reduce the amount until the balance for the project is zero).

IFC’s contingent financial obligation, based on a client's underlying outstanding financial obligation to the guaranteed party.

Undisbursed Commitments (as of a fiscal year-end)

Stock amount (net of cancellations and excluding B-loans) available for disbursement to, or execution for or with, a client, in accordance with IFC’s current legal obligation at fiscal year-end.

WORLD BANK GROUP DEFINITIONS:

MIGA Definitions: Gross Exposure The maximum amount of MIGA's contingent liability that it may be

obligated to pay in the event of claims under its insurance contracts.

Net Exposure Gross Exposure, less amounts that have been ceded to the reinsurers.


Gross Guarantees Issued The amount of insurance contracts underwritten during the fiscal year.

Net Guarantees Issued Gross Guarantees issued, less amounts that have been ceded to the reinsurers.

Undisbursed Commitments (as of a fiscal year-end)

In the MIGA context, this term refers to Gross Exposure. Because the other World Bank Group entities are included in this graph, more general terminology was selected for the title in order to capture a


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degree of similarity across the Group. The amounts shown for MIGA and the other WBG entities are not directly comparable due to differing meanings for “commitment” across the entities. For any given country view, the Undisbursed Commitments shown refers to Net Exposure; At the institutional level, the Undisbursed Commitments shown refer to Gross Exposure.

Trust Fund Definitions:

Administration Agreement Agreement between the Bank and a donor specifying a Trust Fund’s purposes and scope of activities. An administration agreement also defines the nature of the Bank’s relationship with the donor and spells out, among other things, the arrangements governing the use of funds, progress and financial reporting, cost recovery fee, auditing, and disclosure of information.

Bank-Executed Trust Funds

Trust Funds that support the Bank’s work program.

Cash contributions Amount of contributions received by the Bank in the form of cash

(including encashment of Promissory Notes).

Commitments

Grant Commitments

Gross Commitments by fiscal year Undisbursed Commitments as of a fiscal year-end

Approval of financing for project(s) or activity(ies). The amount of grant funds committed in the course of a fiscal year. Total amount of financing for project(s) or activity(ies) approved by fiscal year. Total amount of financing for project(s) or activity(ies) approved net of cancellations, disbursements and transfers made.

Disbursement Payment made out of a Trust Fund account to eligible recipients, in accordance with the Administration Agreement, not including transfers from one Trust Fund to another. For FIFs, disbursements refer to transfers to recipients approved by the governing body.

Donor Any entity, including sovereign governments, intergovernmental institutions, private nonprofit entities, and private for-profit organizations, that makes funds available to be held in trust by IBRD. An entity of the World Bank Group is considered a donor when


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contributing to trust funds from its own net income or surplus.


Grant Funds provided from a trust fund to an external recipient or the Bank

for implementation of trust-funded activities that carry no repayment obligation when utilized for the agreed activities. The external recipient agrees to implement the grant activities by signing a grant agreement.

Grant Agreement Agreement between the Bank and an external recipient of a trust fund, which governs the use of the donor’s grant. The agreement spells out the respective responsibilities of the Bank and the recipient.

IBRD/IDA TF Co-financed An arrangement under which funds provided by third parties [the co-

financier(s)] are associated with IBRD/IDA funds or guarantees

provided for a particular project or program.

IBRD/IDA TF Disbursements Disbursement made under an IBRD/IDA Trust Fund TF Program: A

set of Trust Fund(s) with shared development objective(s) established under a common governance set-up.

Number of IBRD/IDA & TF Projects

The total number of grants approved in the course of a fiscal year. A grant is considered approved when the World Bank Program Manager (or donor in rare cases) clears the Grant Funding Request.

Outstanding Balances Stock amount of disbursements to clients, which remains outstanding at fiscal year-end. Amounts disbursed as grants as not considered in outstanding amounts by their nature as grants.

Promissory note A document containing a promise to pay which is irrevocable and legally binding. Promissory notes are payable on demand, in accordance with agreed schedules, and are non-interest bearing.

Recipient Any entity that receives Trust Fund monies, including governmental, quasi-governmental, nongovernmental, or private institutions. The Bank may itself be the recipient of a Trust Fund in support of Bank activities.

Recipient-Executed Trust Fund A Trust Fund Grant that is provided to a third party under a grant

agreement, and for which the Bank plays an operational role – i.e.,

the Bank normally appraises and supervises activities financed by

these funds.


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Stand-alone TF project A project financed exclusively by a Trust Fund.

Trust Fund (TF) A financing arrangement in support of defined development

objective(s) set up with contributions from one or more donors, and

in some cases from an entity of the World Bank Group. A Trust Fund

can be country specific, regional, or global in its geographic scope; it

can be freestanding, i.e., financing a set of pre-defined activities, or

on a programmatic basis.

Trust Fund data (Donor view only) includes all TF types but excludes

Externally Funded Outputs (EFOs) and ICSID trust funds.

Trust Fund data in the Beneficiary view includes only Recipient

Executed Trust Funds, Carbon Funds, and co-financing portion of

IBRD/IDA lending.


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Development Statistics and Goals:

Beneficiary Recipient of funds or other benefits.

Key Development Indicators Selected indicators from among the primary World Bank collection of

development indicators, compiled from officially-recognized

international sources. They present the most current and accurate

global development data available, and include national, regional

and global estimates.

Millennium Development Goals The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international

development goals that all 192 United Nations member states and at

least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve by the

year 2015. They include eradicating extreme poverty, reducing child

mortality rates, fighting disease epidemics such as AIDS, and

developing a global partnership for development.

GNI per capita GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national

income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas

method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value

added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less

subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of

primary income (compensation of employees and property income)

from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually

converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons

across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the

official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large

margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions.

To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas

method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a

conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year

and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of

inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries

(France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United

States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the

United Kingdom, and the United States.

Source World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National

Accounts data files.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_development

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_development

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_member_states

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_organizations

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_poverty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_mortality

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_mortality

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS


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Surface area Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland

bodies of water and some coastal waterways.

Source Food and Agriculture Organization.

Population ages 15 to 64 Population ages 15 to 64 is the total population that is in the age

group 15 to 64. Population is based on the de facto definition of

population.

Population growth Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of

growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a

percentage. Population is based on the de facto definition of

population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or

citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the

country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the

population of the country of origin.

Source Derived from total population. Population source: (1) United

Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The

2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic

and Social Affairs.

Urban population (% of total) Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by

national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank

population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations

World Urbanization Prospects.

Source United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.

GNI, Atlas method (current US$) GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident

producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the

valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income

(compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.

Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency,

is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for

comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used

when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an

exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in

international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and

exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the

World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the

exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted

for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through

2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United

Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include


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the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.



GNI per capita, Atlas method

(current US$)

GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national

income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas

method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value

added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less

subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of

primary income (compensation of employees and property income)

from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually

converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons

across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the

official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large

margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions.

To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas

method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a

conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year

and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of

inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries

(France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United

States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the

United Kingdom, and the United States.



GNI per capita, PPP (current

international $)

GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is

gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using

purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same

purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States.

GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any

product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output

plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees

and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international

dollars.

Source World Bank, International Comparison Program database

GDP growth (annual %) Annual percentage growth rate of GDP at market prices based on

constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S.

dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident

producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any

subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated

without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or


20

for depletion and degradation of natural resources.



Poverty headcount ratio at

$1.25 a day (PPP) (% of

population)

Population below $1.25 a day is the percentage of the population

living on less than $1.25 a day at 2005 international prices. As a

result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual

countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier

editions. Note: Data showing as 2.0 signifies a poverty rate of less

than 2.0 percent.

Source World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based

on primary household survey data obtained from government

statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for

high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study

database.

Poverty gap at national poverty

line

Poverty gap at national poverty line is the mean shortfall from the

poverty line (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall) as a

percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of

poverty as well as its incidence.


on World Bank's country poverty assessments and country Poverty

Reduction Strategies.

Life expectancy at birth, total

(years)

Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn

infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its

birth were to stay the same throughout its life.

Source Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth. Male

and female life expectancy source: (1) United Nations Population

Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New

York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affair

Infant Mortality rate (per 1,000

live births)

Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching

one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Source Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF,

WHO, World Bank, UNPD, universities and research institutions).

Malnutrition prevalence (% of

children under 5)

Prevalence of child malnutrition is the percentage of children under

age 5 whose weight for age is more than two standard deviations

below the median for the international reference population ages 0-

59 months. The data are based on the WHO's new child growth

standards released in 2006.


21

Source World Health Organization, Global Database on Child Growth

and Malnutrition.

Literacy rate, adult male (% of

males ages 15 and above)

Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above

who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple

statement on their everyday life.

Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural

Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.

Literacy rate, adult female (% of

females ages 15 and above)

Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above

who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple

statement on their everyday life.



School enrollment, primary,

female (% gross)

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of

age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to

the level of education shown. Primary education provides children

with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an

elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography,

natural science, social science, art, and music.



School enrollment, primary,

male (% gross)



the level of education shown. Primary education provides children

with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an

elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography,

natural science, social science, art, and music.



Improved water source (% of

population with access)

Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the

population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water

from an improved source, such as a household connection, public

standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, and rainwater

collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and

unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the

availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within

one kilometer of the dwelling.

Source World Health Organization and United Nations Children's


22

Fund, Joint Measurement Programme (JMP)

(http://www.wssinfo.org/)

Improved sanitation facilities (%

of population with access)

Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of

the population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal

facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect

contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but

protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To

be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly

maintained.

Source World Health Organization and United Nations Children's

Fund, Joint Measurement Programme (JMP)

(http://www.wssinfo.org/)

Share of income or

consumption to the poorest

quintile

Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues

to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles.


on primary household survey data obtained from government

statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for

high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study

database.

School enrollment, primary (%

net)

Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age

based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997

who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding

official school age. Primary education provides children with basic

reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary

understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural

science, social science, art, and music.



Primary completion rate, total

(% of relevant age group)

Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing

the last year of primary school. It is calculated by taking the total

number of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the

number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of

children of official graduation age.



School enrollment, secondary

(% gross)



the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the


23

provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and

aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human

development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction

using more specialized teachers.



Youth Literacy rate, total (% of

people ages 15-24)

Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can,

with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on

their everyday life.



Ratio of girls to boys in primary

and secondary education (%)

Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the

percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels

in public and private schools.



Women employed in the

nonagricultural sector (% of

nonagricultural employment)

Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector is the share

of female workers in the nonagricultural sector (industry and

services), expressed as a percentage of total employment in the

nonagricultural sector. Industry includes mining and quarrying

(including oil production), manufacturing, construction, electricity,

gas, and water, corresponding to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or

tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3). Services include wholesale

and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and

communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business

services; and community, social, and personal services-

corresponding to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation

categories G-P (ISIC revision 3).

Source International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the

Labour Market database.

Proportion of seats held by

women in national parliaments

(%)

Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in

a single or lower chamber held by women.

Source United Nations, Women's Indicators and Statistics database

(www.ipu.org)

Under-5 mortality rate Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn

http://www.ipu.org/


24

baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current age-

specific mortality rates.

Source Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF,

WHO, World Bank, UNPD, universities and research institutions).

Measles immunization (% of 1

year olds immunized)

Child immunization measures the percentage of children ages 12-23

months who received vaccinations before 12 months or at any time

before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized

against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.

Source: WHO and UNICEF

(http://www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/routine/en/).

Maternal Mortality Ratio Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die during

pregnancy and childbirth, per 100,000 live births. The data are

estimated with a regression model using information on fertility,

birth attendants, and HIV prevalence.

Source Maternal Mortality: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF,

UNFPA and the World Bank.

Births attended by skilled

health staff (% of total)

Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of

deliveries attended by personnel trained to give the necessary

supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and

the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to

care for newborns.

Source UNICEF, State of the World's Children, Childinfo, and

Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International.

Contraceptive Prevalence Contraceptive prevalence rate is the percentage of women who are

practicing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of

contraception. It is usually measured for married women ages 15-49

only.

Source Household surveys, including Demographic and Health

Surveys by Macro International and Multiple Indicator Cluster

Surveys by UNICEF.

Prevalence of HIV, (% of total

population ages 15-49)

Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who

are infected with HIV.

Source UNAIDS and the WHO's Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic.

Incidence of Tuberculosis (per

100,000 people)

Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new

pulmonary, smear positive, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases.

http://www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/routine/en/


25

Source World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Control

Report.

Forest area (% of land area) Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at

least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree

stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit

plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and

gardens.

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web

site.

Terrestrial protected areas (%

of total surface area)

Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by

national authorities.

Source United Nations Environmental Program and the World

Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World

Resources Institute, based on data from national authorities,

national legislation and international agreements.

CO2 Emissions (metric tons per

capita)

Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of

fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon

dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels

and gas flaring.

Source Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental

Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United

States.

GDP per unit of energy use

(constant 2005 PPP $ per kg of

oil equivalent)

GDP per unit of energy use is the PPP GDP per kilogram of oil

equivalent of energy use. PPP GDP is gross domestic product

converted to 2005 constant international dollars using purchasing

power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing

power over GDP as a U.S. dollar has in the United States.

Source International Energy Agency, and World Bank PPP data.

Telephone mainlines per 100

people

Telephone lines are fixed telephone lines that connect a subscriber's

terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network and

that have a port on a telephone exchange. Integrated services digital

network channels and fixed wireless subscribers are included. Note:

Please cite the International Telecommunication Union for third-

party use of these data.

Source International Telecommunication Union, World


26

Telecommunication Development Report and database, and World

Bank estimates.

Mobile Phone Subscriptions per

100 people

Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public

mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provide

access to the public switched telephone network. Post-paid and

prepaid subscriptions are included. Note: Please cite the

International Telecommunication Union for third-party use of these

data.



Bank estimates.

Internet Users per 100 people Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.

Note: Please cite the International Telecommunication Union for

third-party use of these data.



Bank estimates

Personal Computers per 100

people

Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be

used by a single individual. Note: Please cite the International

Telecommunication Union for third-party use of these data.



Bank estimates

Glossary of AidFlows terms AidFlows Acronyms

27

AidFlows Acronyms:

AAPI/NATF Africa AIDS Prevention Initiative/Norwegian AIDS Trust Fund

ACBF

Africa Capacity Building Foundation

ACGF African Catalytic Growth Fund

ADAPT Adaptation Fund

ADB

Asian Development Bank

AFDB African Development Bank

AHIF

Avian and Human Influenza Trust Fund

AMC Advanced Market Commitments

APOC II African Program for Onchocerciasis Control Phase II

ARTF

Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund

BEC-TF Basic Education Capacity Trust Fund

BICF Bangladesh Investment Climate Fund

BioCF BioCarbon Fund

BHTF

Bosnia and Herzegovina Fund

BNPP Bank-Netherlands Partnership Program

BPMLRI Booster Program for Malaria Control in Africa

BPRP Belgium Poverty Reduction Partnership Program

BRF Pilot Program to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest

CA Cities Alliance

CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme

CADF Carbon Asset Development Fund

CARBON

Carbon Fund Program

CASM Communities and Small-Scale Mining Initiative


28

CCRIF Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility

CCS TF Carbon Capture and Storage Trust Fund

CDCF Community Development Carbon Fund

CDM Clean Development Mechanism (of the Kyoto Protocol)

CEBTF China Education Blend Trust Fund

CF-ASSIST Carbon Finance Assist Program

CFE Carbon Fund for Europe

CGAP Consultative Group to Assist the Poor

CGIAR

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

CIF Climate Investment Funds

COM+ Alliance of Communicators

COMMDEV Community Development Fund

CommGAP Communication for Governance and Accountability Program

CPF Carbon Partnership Facility

CPTF Canadian Persistent Organic Pollutants Trust Fund

CSCF/SCF

Strategic Climate Fund

CTF/ CCTF

Clean Technology Fund

DCF Danish Carbon Fund

DDR Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration

DEC-TC Multidonor Transparency and Competitiveness Trust Fund

DeMPA Debt Management Performance Assessment

DevCo Infrastructure Development Collaboration Partnership Fund

DFSG Diagnostic Facility for Shared Growth

DGF Development Grant Facility


29

DM Development Marketplace

DMF Debt Management Facility

DRCR Emergency Program for Ex-Combatants

DRF Debt Reduction Facility

DRTF Debt Relief Trust Fund

DSF Indonesia Decentralization Support Facility

DS

Debt Service Fund

EAAIG East Asia and Pacific Infrastructure for Growth Trust Fund

EC European Commission

EFA-FTI Education For All Fast Track Initiative

EFSP Externally Funded Staffing Program

EI-TAF Extractive Industries Technical Advisory Facility

ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program

EPDF Education for All – Fast Track Initiative Education Program Development Fund

ESSP Emergency Services Support Program

EU European Union

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

FARA Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa

FCPF Forest Carbon Partnership Facility

FIRST Financial Sector Reform and Strengthening Initiative

FLE Russia Financial Literacy and Education Trust Fund

FLIT Financial Literacy and Education Trust Fund

FPCR Food Price Crisis Response


30

G7 Group of Seven

G8 Group of Eight

GAIDS Global HIV/AIDS Partnership

GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

GEF Global Environment Facility

GENTF

Gender Trust Funds

GFA GAVI Fund Affiliate

GFATM

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria

GFCRP Global Food Crisis Response Program Trust Fund

GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

GGFR Global Gas Flaring Reduction

GIIF Global Index Insurance Facility

GPDD Global Partnership for Disability and Development

GPED Global Population and Economic Development Program

GPEP Global Program to Eliminate Poliomyelitis

GPF Governance Partnership Facility

GPOBA Global Partnership on Output-Based Aid

GRSF Global Road Safety Facility

HIPC

Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative

HNPSP Bangladesh Health, Nutrition and Population Sector Program

HRH Human resources for health

HRITF Health Results Innovation Trust Fund

HRBF

Health Results-Based Financing

HRTF

Haiti Reconstruction Fund


31

IADB Inter-American Development Bank

IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (of the World Bank)

ICF Italian Carbon Fund

ICP International Comparison Program Global Trust Fund

ICT Information and communication technology

ID-DRF Indonesia Decentralization Support Facility

ID-IS Indonesia Infrastructure Support Trust Fund

ID-PNPM Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Indonesia Program for Community Empowerment)

IDA International Development Association

IDB Islamic Development Bank

IEMAC/AGEPA Initiative on Improving Education Management in African Countries / Amélioration de la Gestion Educative dans les Pays Africains

IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development

IFC International Finance Corporation

IFFIm International Finance Facility for Immunization

IMF International Monetary Fund

InCaF IFC-Netherlands Carbon Facility

INFOD Infodev

IRTF

Iraq Reconstruction Trust Fund

ISBFF Iraq Small Business Finance Facility

ISF

Interest Subsidy Fund

JPO Junior Professional Officer

JRF Java Reconstruction Fund

JSDF Japanese Social Development Fund


32

KCP II Knowledge for Change Program II

LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund for Climate Change

LPRP Luxembourg Poverty Reduction Partnership

LRTF Liberia Reconstruction Trust Fund

MDFAN Multidonor Trust Fund for Aceh and Nias

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

MDRP Multicountry Demobilization and Reintegration Program

MDTF-N Sudan Multidonor Trust Fund – National

MDTF-S Sudan Multidonor Trust Fund – Southern Sudan

MDFTIC Indonesia Multidonor Facility for Trade and Investment

MDTF Multidonor trust fund

METAF Mediterranean Environmental Technical Assistance Program

MDFAN Multidonor Trust Fund for Aceh and Nias

MDRI

Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative

MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

MSI Mozambique Initiative

MTF Mindanao Trust Fund Facility

NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action

NBI Nile Basin Initiative

NCDMF Netherlands Clean Development Mechanism Facility

NECF Netherlands European Carbon Facility

NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development

NETF Norwegian Education Trust Fund


33

NPEF Norwegian Post-Primary Education Fund

NTF-PSI Norwegian Trust Fund for Private Sector and Infrastructure

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OTF Ozone Trust Fund

PACF Pacific Facility Trust Fund

PACT Partnership for Capacity Building in Africa

PCF Post-Conflict Fund

PCF Prototype Carbon Fund

PEFA Public Expenditure Financial Accountability

PFM MDTF Public Financial Management Multidonor Trust Fund

PHRD

Japanese Policy and Human Resources Development

PNDRR Programme National de Desarmement, Demobilisation et Reinsertion (Democratic Republic of Congo)

PKNOW Partnerships and Knowledge Work in Fragile States

PPAF Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund

PPIAF Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility

PPSPF Public-Private Sector Partnership Facility

PRDP

Palestinian Reform Development Plan – Trust Fund for West Bank

and Gaza

PROFISH Global Program on Fisheries

PROFOR Program on Forests

RSR Rapid Social Response Program

SA-DSD South Asia Policy Facility for Decentralization and Service Delivery

SAIF South Asia Infrastructure Facility


34

SAR-IFGI South Asia Region Infrastructure for Growth Initiative

SCCF Special Climate Change Fund

SCF Spanish Carbon Fund

SCF/ CSCF Strategic Climate Fund

SEDF South Asia Enterprise Development Facility

SEETF South-South Experience Exchange Trust Fund

SIEF Spanish Impact Evaluation Fund

SLDF South Asia Enterprise Development Facility for Sri Lanka and the Maldives

SSATP Sub-Saharan Africa Transportation Policy Program

StAR Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative

TATF Technical Assistance Trust Fund Program

TDRP Transitional Demobilization and Reintegration Program

TerrAfrica TerrAfrica Leveraging Fund

TFESSD Trust Fund for Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development

TFET Trust Fund for East Timor

TFGWB Trust Fund for Gaza and West Bank

TFF Trade Facilitation Facility

TFL Trust Fund for Lebanon

TFSCB Trust Fund for Statistical Capacity Building

TRF Tsunami Relief Trust Fund for India – Fisheries Management and Sustainable Livelihoods Project in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry

TRTA Multidonor Trust Fund for Trade and Development

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme


35

UNF United Nations Foundation

UNIDO

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

WBGTF

West Bank and Gaza Trust Fund

WHO

World Health Organization

Glossary of AidFlows terms Asian Development Bank

36

Asian Development Bank DEFINITIONS:

ADF grant approvals Total amount of Asian Development Fund (ADF) grants approved by the

Asian Development Bank (ADB) in a fiscal year.

ADF loan approvals Total amount of ADF loans approved by ADB in a fiscal year.

ADF replenishment The process of periodic review of the adequacy of ADF resources and

authorization of additional contributions to ADF.

Agriculture and Natural

Resources (sector)

See sector table

Amount subject to call The subscription of each member is in two parts: paid-in and subject to

call. The callable portion may be called by ADB only as needed to meet its

borrowings and guarantee obligations.

Amount paid-in Amount of subscription paid by a member and received by ADB in the

form of cash or promissory notes. All subscriptions paid-in (cash and

promissory notes, net of certain discounts) are reported based on report

date SDR/US$ exchange rate.

Asian Development Bank ADB, a multilateral development financial institution, was established in

1966 with its headquarters in Manila, Philippines. ADB and its operations

are governed by the Agreement Establishing the Asian Development Bank.

Its purpose is to foster economic development and cooperation in the

Asian and Pacific region and to contribute to the acceleration of the

process of economic development of the developing member countries in

the region, collectively and individually.

ADB finances its operations through its ordinary capital resources (OCR)

and Special Funds resources. Mobilizing financial resources, including

cofinancing, is another integral part of ADB’s operational activities, where

ADB, alone or jointly, administers on behalf of donors funds provided for

specific uses.

Asian Development Fund The ADF was established in 1974 to carry out the special operations of the

ADB more effectively by providing resources on concessional terms for

economic and social development of the less-developed member

countries. The resources of ADF were subsequently augmented by ten

replenishments. In July 2012, the Board of Governors of ADB adopted a

resolution providing for the tenth replenishment of ADF (ADF XI) and the

fifth regularized replenishment of the Technical Assistance Special Fund.


37

This will provide ADF resources for the four-year period from January

2013.

Basic contribution A donor’s contribution to the ADF in accordance with the basic burden

share for ADF replenishments.

Burden share percentage The percentage of a donor’s basic contribution for ADF replenishments.

Contributions Funds provided or to be provided to ADB's ADF or Other Special Funds

(OSFs) by donors.

Contributions paid-in Amount of contribution received by ADB's ADF or OSFs in the form of cash

or promissory notes. All contributions paid-in (cash and promissory notes,

net of certain discounts) are reported based on historical values using the

date of receipt.

Disbursements Principal outflow in a fiscal year.

Education (sector) See sector table

Energy (sector) See sector table

Finance (sector) See sector table

Fiscal year 1 January to 31 December.

Grant ADB resources made available to an external recipient for implementation

of development activities that carry no repayment obligation when utilized

for the agreed activities. Grant amounts are included in Commitment

figures and Disbursements. Grant amounts are not included in the

Outstanding Balances because grant funds disbursed are not repayable.

Gross commitments Gross commitments comprise OCR sovereign approvals, OCR nonsovereign

approvals, ADF loan approvals, ADF grant approvals, and OSFs approvals.

Health and Social

Protection (sector)

See sector table

Industry and Trade

(sector)

See sector table

Multisector (sector) See sector table

Number of votes Each shareholder is allocated a certain number of votes linked to the size

of its shareholding. The votes include a specified number of basic votes

(the same for all members) and additional votes based on the number of

shares held.


38

OCR non-sovereign

approvals

Amount of OCR commitments to non-sovereign entities approved by ADB

in a fiscal year, including loans, equity investments, and guarantees.

OCR sovereign approvals Total amount of OCR sovereign loans and guarantees approved by the ADB

in a fiscal year.

Ordinary capital

resources (OCR)

ADB’s OCR consists primarily of its subscribed capital stock, proceeds from

its borrowings, and reserves. ADB’s ordinary operations are financed from

OCR.

OSFs approvals Total amount of OSFs grants and technical assistance grants approved by

the ADB in a fiscal year.

Other Special Funds

(OSFs)

ADB is authorized by its Charter to establish and administer Special Funds

to finance its special operations. Other Special Funds (OSFs) refer to

Special Funds excluding the Asian Development Fund (ADF). They are the

Technical Assistance Special Fund (TASF), the Japan Special Fund (JSF), the

Special Fund for the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian

Tsunami Fund (ATF), the Pakistan Earthquake Fund (PEF), the Regional

Cooperation and Integration Fund (RCIF), the Climate Change Fund (CCF),

and the Asia Pacific Disaster Response Fund (APDRF). OSFs resources are

used mainly to finance grants and technical assistance grants.

Outstanding balances Stock amount of the cumulative principal disbursements of loans to

clients, which remains outstanding at the end of a fiscal year. Grant and

technical assistance grant amounts are not included.

Public Sector

Management (sector)

See sector table

Shares percentage The ratio of the number of subscribed shares of a member to the total

number of shares held by all shareholders.

Subscribed amount Subscribed shares multiplied by par value of a share.

Subscribed shares Number of shares allocated or authorized under a specific Board of

Governors resolution, and issued to members.

Supplemental amount Any amount contributed beyond the amount of the basic burden share.

Transport and ICT

(sector)

See sector table

Water and Other

Municipal Infrastructure

and Services (sector)

See sector table


39

Undisbursed

commitments

Stock amount of loans and grants available for disbursement at the end of

a fiscal year. Amount does not include equity investments and guarantees.

Voting power percentage The ratio of the number of votes of a member to the total number of votes

held by all shareholders.

Asian Development Bank Sector and Subsector Classsification

Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person

Agriculture, natural resources and rural development (ANR)

For Agriculture: Jiangfeng Zhang, RSDD-AR [email protected] local 5162 For Water: Ian W. Makin, RSID [email protected] local 5803

Irrigation Actions to support irrigation, including investment in:

surface irrigation;

groundwater irrigation;

sprinkler, drip, and trickle irrigation technologies;

irrigation system modernization;

canal control systems; and

rain water harvest.

Agricultural drainage

Actions to support agricultural drainage, including investment in:

sub-surface drainage;

agricultural drainage ditches; and

drainage pumping and control infrastructure.

Rural flood protection

Actions to support rural flood protection, including investment in:

flood protection;

river bank strengthening and protection;

channel improvements; and

rural drainage.

Rural water supply

services

Actions to support rural water supply services, including investment in:

improvement of water source, including springs, groundwater, and surface;

water storage and distribution networks, including communal faucets; and

point source hand-pumps.

Rural sanitation Actions to rural sanitation, including investment in:

basic sanitation improvement, including flush or pour flush, ventilated improved pit latrine, pit latrine with slab, composting toilet; and

septic management/recycling/treatment, including ecological sanitation.

Rural solid waste management

Actions to rural solid waste management, including investment in:

household solid waste;

agricultural and small rural enterprise solid wastes; and

waste segregation, landfill, composting, bio-gas.


40


Rural market infrastructure

Actions to rural market infrastructure, including investment in:

collection and postharvest handling centers, storage facilities, logistics;

social and market facilities, link trails, trail bridges, jetties, flood refuge shelters; and

farm to market and village roads.

Note: District and rural road and rural renewable energy are covered in transport and energy sectors, respectively.

Agricultural production

Action to support upstream segment of the agriculture and food value chains, including investment in:

crop, including staples, high value, industrial crops, and export production;

extension and advisory services (climate smart agriculture, resource conservation technologies);

farm inputs (seeds, fertilizers, bio-fertilizer, compost, pesticides);

on- and off-farm labor;

bio-energy; and

production/technology information.

Livestock Action to support livestock, including investment in:

animal husbandry; and

extension and advisory veterinary services.

Agro-industry, marketing, and trade

Action to support midstream to downstream segments of value chains and input markets, including investment in:

machinery and other farm equipment, fertilizer, agro-chemicals;

food safety standards and regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, bio-safety, certification, and accreditation system;

agro-processing and packaging; and

agribusiness.

Note: Rural finance, micro-finance and financing of micro, small and medium enterprises are covered in the finance sector.

Agriculture research and application

Action to support agriculture research and application, including investment in:

genetic improvement, biotechnology, nanotechnology, bio-security, adaptation, and mitigation to climate change;

agricultural or agribusiness technology demonstrations and dissemination, incubators, economic clusters, networks; and

agricultural research centers, agriculture academic institutions.

Fishery Action to support marine, coastal, inland, and aquaculture, including investment in:

fishery resource management;

safeguarding biodiversity, coral reefs, and endangered species; and

fishery development.

Forestry Action to support forest areas, mangroves, terrestrial ecosystems, and upland areas, including investment in:

forest areas, mangroves, terrestrial ecosystems, and upland areas;

management and protection, restoration, resilience enhancement, and maintenance of forest systems and its environmental services; and

afforestation for carbon sequestration and for carbon markets and other mitigation and adaptation strategies.


41


Land-based natural resources management

Action to support land administration and management, including investment in:

upland management, dry land and pastureland development, integrated mountain development;

land administration services (cadastral surveys, land registration, geographical information systems, geo-mapping, impact monitoring);

community based resource management; and

soil management, including land conservation, land leveling, land consolidation.

Water-based natural resources management

Action to support water based natural resources management, including investment in:

water resources conservation;

wetlands and ecosystem management and preservation;

hydrological, meteorological and water use data and information;

hydrological modeling and planning;

water storage (including artificial recharge) and groundwater management;

integrated water resources management, water system development; and

protection, conservation, and rehabilitation and management of wetlands, watershed, river basins and trans-boundary water.

Agricultural policy, institutional and capacity development

Action to support policy institutional and capacity development, including investment in:

trans-boundary plant, aquatic and animal disease control measures;

agriculture/food marketing and trade policies and regulations;

national and regional food security response measures;

food security diagnostics;

value chain diagnostics;

land use policies (rural to urban, agriculture to non-agriculture, acquisitions);

agricultural pricing policies; and

agricultural and natural resource-based institutional reforms.

Rural water policy, institutional and capacity development

Action to support policy institutional and capacity development, including investment in:

irrigation reforms, regulations, laws, institutional development and organizational reform;

irrigation service fees;

water user organizations, participatory management, support services;

management and capacity development;

communications and civil society participation;

river basin organizations and stakeholder participation;

flood forecasting and warning systems;

community based flood preparedness;

hygiene promotion;

hand washing; and

community-led sanitation.

Education (EDU) Shanti Jagannathan, RSGS [email protected] local 1973

Pre-primary and primary

Actions to improve pre-primary education and early childhood education (usually covering age group 3-5) and primary education (covering early grades, usually 1-5), including investment in:

early childhood development services;

physical facilities for pre-school and primary education;

training of teachers in early childhood and primary education;

primary education delivery services;

curriculum development; and

student learning assessment systems.


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Pre-primary and primary – social protection initiatives

Special initiatives for disadvantaged, such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children in the form of measures, such as scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, reservations of study places for special student, school meals and educational material.

Secondary Actions to improve secondary education (covering post-primary grades, usually 6-12), including investment in:

secondary education delivery services, including distance education and e-learning;

curriculum development;

physical educational facilities;

teacher professional development; and

student learning assessment systems.

Note: Secondary education that provides technical and vocational education and training (TVET) are registered under technical and vocational education and training.

Secondary – social protection initiatives

Special initiatives for disadvantaged, such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children in the form of measures, including scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, reservations of study places for special students, school meals, free bicycles, and educational materials.

Technical and vocational education and training

Actions to improve TVET and skills development, including investment in:

TVET services;

curriculum development for practical, technical or occupational skills;

physical training and skills development facilities;

professional development of trainers and instructors;

student learning assessments and certification;

short-term labor market training programs by employers and private sector;

skills training in decentralized community settings and in tertiary institutions, such as polytechnics for both certificate and degree programs: and

special initiatives for disadvantaged, such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children in the form of measures, including scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, and reservations of study places for special students.

Tertiary Actions to improve tertiary education (i.e., programs by higher education intuitions, including universities), including investment in:

tertiary education delivery services, including distance education and e-learning;

development of curriculum and courses at general, technical and professional levels;

physical educational facilities;

professional development of lecturers, professors and instructors; and

student learning assessments, including certification.

Non-formal education

Actions to improve non-formal education, including investment in:

adult literacy program;

informal education services;

physical facilities and infrastructure;

training and orientation of instructors; and

basic education for out-of-school children.

Non-formal education – social protection initiatives

Special initiatives for disadvantaged, such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children in the form of measures, including scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, and reservations of study places for special students.


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Education sector development

Actions to improve education sector development, including investment in:

education sector policy development and policy reforms;

education sector systems development and restructuring;

physical education infrastructure;

teacher professional development, training, and teacher cadre management;

student learning assessment systems; and

sector management and finances.

Education sector development – social protection initiatives

Special initiatives for disadvantaged, such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children in the form of measures, including scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, and reservations of study places for special students.

Energy (ENE)

Anthony Jude, RSOD [email protected] local 6198 Aiming Zhou, RSID [email protected] local 5602

Conventional energy generation

Action to support generation of energy from conventional sources, including investment in:

oil, including diesel and residual fuel oil;

gas including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas; and

coal.

Large hydropower generation

Action to support development of hydropower plants with generation capacity of 10 MW above, including investment in:

dam construction;

reservoir rehabilitation; and

rehabilitation of turbines and generation of a hydropower plant.

Renewable energy generation – solar

Action to support renewable energy supply from solar sources including investment in:

solar photovoltaic;

concentrated solar thermal technology; and

solar roof top program.

Renewable energy generation – wind

Action to support renewable energy supply from wind energy, including investment in:

offshore and on shore wind energy.

Renewable energy generation – biomass and waste

Action to support and investment in renewable energy supply from biomass and waste:

biomass, including rice husk, agricultural residues;

biogas and biofuels; and

landfill gas and waste-to-energy.

Renewable energy generation – small hydro

Action to support and investment in renewable energy supply from:

small hydro (10 MW and below);

mini-hydropower plants (<1 MW); and

micro-hydropower plants (<100kW).

Renewable energy generation – geothermal

Action to support and investment in renewable energy supply from ocean and tidal, geothermal energy (including geothermal heat pump systems).


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Electricity transmission and distribution

Action to support electricity transmission and distribution project, including investment in:

supporting retail competition including privatization of transmission and distribution companies;

loss reduction in transmission and distribution of electricity;

construction of transmission and distribution lines and associated substations; and

rural/off-grid electrification.

Oil and gas transmission and distribution

Action to support transmission and distribution of oil and gas, including investment in:

storage, transmission and distribution of oil, gas and liquid fuels; and

storage, liquefaction and compression of natural gas.

Energy utility services

Action to support energy utility service, including investment in:

district heating/cooling;

piped gas supply; and

demand response in end-use sectors.

Energy efficiency and conservation

Action to support energy efficiency improvement in supply and demand side, including investment in:

power plant retrofitting;

use of advanced technology, such as clean coal technologies (circulatory fluidized bed combustion, supercritical and ultra-supercritical boiler technologies, integrated gasification combined-cycle with carbon capture) coal liquid, coal bed methane, combined cycle gas turbines, including high efficiency combined cycle gas turbines (F and H class);

switching from high carbon intensive to low carbon intensive fuel (fuel switching);

cleaner production (industry);

emission trading and CDM; and

Energy Service Company (ESCO) Development. Action to support energy consumption reduction, including investment in:

energy conservation activities;

improving customer behavior for change in energy use; and

advanced technology for energy conservation, including smart metering and occupancy sensors.

Energy sector development and institutional reform

Action to support energy sector reforms, capacity building and governance, including investment in:

energy trade, including cross border power trade;

supporting PPP and privatization;

tariffs and pricing;

policy and regulation, including supporting energy sector regulators;

unbundling of the power sector;

energy market promotions and liberalization; and

energy labeling.

Finance (FIN)

Rita O’Sullivan [email protected] Local 6293

Central banking systems

Actions to support central bank, including investment in:

central bank capacity building;

payment and settlement systems; and

banking and NBFI supervision.


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Banking systems and nonbank financial institutions

Actions to support banks and non-bank financial institutions, including investment in:

bank restructuring / ownership and governance restructuring (public bank privatization)/non-performing loan resolution/asset management company/capital adequacy;

deposit insurance;

credit Information bureau/credit rating agencies;

non-bank financial institutions;

long-term project finance and industrial finance; and

anti-money laundering. Housing finance

Actions to support housing finance, including investment in:

mortgage markets and services;

real estate finance; and

housing finance and secondary mortgage.

Small and medium enterprise finance and leasing

Actions to support financing of SME and leasing, including investment in:

SME finance;

leasing; and

risk management financing instruments (e.g. financing against warehouse receipts, loan guarantees).

Inclusive finance Actions to support inclusive finance including investment in microfinance institutional development:

credit cooperatives and credit unions;

agriculture finance and rural micro enterprise;

branchless/mobile banking;

financial literacy and consumer protection;

remittance management;

savings mobilization;

micro finance; and

rural banks.

Insurance and contractual savings

Actions on insurance and contractual savings, including investment in:

life insurance;

non-life insurance;

reinsurance;

micro-insurance;

weather index-based crop insurance;

insurance supervision;

pensions;

other contractual savings; and

disaster risk finance.

Note: Health insurance is included in health sector.

Money and capital markets

Actions to support for money and capital markets, including investment in:

money markets;

debt markets;

equity markets;

securities;

structured finance and derivatives;

guarantees;

securitization;

stock exchange; and

capital market supervision.


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Trade finance

Actions for support financing a trade, including investment in:

trade finance;

supply chain finance;

long-term (export credits); and

short-term (letter of indents).

Infrastructure finance and investment funds

Actions to support infrastructure finance and investment funds, including investment in:

financial intermediation to core infrastructure investment, through banks and dedicated infrastructure financing institutions; and

financial sector development, through private equity investments in investment funds.

Note: Direct financing of infrastructure projects are classified under the relevant sectors.

Finance sector development

Actions to support financial sector development, including investment in:

financial sector policies and strategies;

legal and regulatory framework, including secured transaction, insolvency, and bankruptcy laws;

financial stability;

sector management and finance reforms;

capacity building and institutional strengthening; and

financial intermediation, including augmentation of financial resources of development finance institutions.

Health (HLT) Patricia Moser, RSGS [email protected] local 6329

Mother and child health care

Actions to increase the health status of women and children, in particular targeted support in lagging populations, including:

maternal health care;

child health care;

early childhood care and development; and

family planning.

Nutrition Actions to improve the nutrition status and abilities of the poor, women and children, and other vulnerable groups, including investment in:

addressing malnutrition and growth monitoring;

micronutrients, including food fortification; and

school feeding, health care and development.

Health system development

Actions to increase access to essential health services, such as infrastructure, equipment, supplies, training, and support systems, including investment in:

hospital and diagnostic services;

primary health care, including village health care; and

PPP in health and private health sector development.

Disease control of communicable disease

Actions to address specific communicable diseases and conditions, through specific disease control programs, including investment in communicable diseases (i.e., HIV/AIDS).

Disease control of non-communicable diseases and other priority programs

Actions to address specific diseases and conditions, through specific disease control programs and other targeted health programs, such as for refugees, emergency relief, handicapped, accidents, and occupational health, including investment in:

non-communicable diseases; and

other health programs, including integrated programs, excluding subsidized health program.


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Health insurance and subsidized health programs

Actions to improve health insurance and provide subsidized health programs for the poor and vulnerable, including investment in:

health insurance; and

subsidized health programs, including cash transfers.

Health care finance Actions to improve health sector financing, expand and improve health insurance, including investment in health financing reform.

Health sector development and reform

Actions to improve sector performance, through national sector development and reform programs and capacity building, including investment in:

health administration and governance reforms;

health sector development programs; and

health impact assessments and research.

Information and communication technology (ICT) Seok Yong Yoon, RSGP [email protected] local 1742

ICT infrastructure Actions to support ICT Infrastructure, including investments in:

telecommunication line build out;

mobile and wireless network;

broadband cable network;

data centers; and

telecenters.

ICT industries and ICT-enabled services

Actions to support ICT industries and ICT-enabled services, including investment in:

ICT centers of excellence, research laboratories;

ICT-enabled industries, such as BPO, KPO, software park, ICT incubators; and

ICT-enabled services (e.g., e-governance, e-banking, e-health).

ICT strategy and policy, and capacity development

Actions to support ICT strategy and policy, and capacity development, including investment in:

ICT policy and strategy;

telecommunication reform policy;

Universal Access and Service (UAS);

ICT policy, strategy and roadmap (national, local);

ICT regulatory laws and functions;

intellectual property (IP);

security, privacy and cybercrime;

ICT market competition, spectrum management, consumer protection;

capacity building; and

ICT skills training and workshops.

Industry and trade (IND)

Jayant Menon, OREI [email protected] local 5962

Large and medium industries

Action to support large and medium industries, including investments in:

mining;

petrochemicals;

manufacturing (except agro industry);

industrial pollution control;

development of new technologies and production; and

sector-wide reforms and policy frameworks.


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Small and medium enterprise development

Action to support Small and Medium industries, Including investments in:

direct assistance to SMEs;

Cottage Household And Artisan Industry; and

SME development and policies.

Note: Investment in SME finance and leasing to be in Finance sector.

Trade and services Action to support trade and service industry, including investment in:

internal trade facilitation;

external trade facilitation;

tourism;

other services sectors; and

trade policies. Note: Investment in trade finance to be included in Finance sector.

Industry and trade

sector

development

Action to support and investment in Industry and trade sector development, which are not included in the above sub sectors.

Public sector management (PSM) Warren Turner, RSGP [email protected] local 4811

Public administration

Actions to support public administration, including investments in:

legal and regulatory policy framework in national and subnational administrations;

institutional and organizational development in government agencies;

accountability mechanisms and institutions; and

civil service reforms and management.

Economic affairs management

Actions to support economic and public affairs issues, including investments in:

macroeconomic policy formulation and management; and

exchange rate management.

Public expenditure and fiscal management

Actions to support public expenditure, revenue management and fiscal issues, including investments in:

public expenditures and fiscal management including debt management, treasury functions and information systems;

revenue mobilization and management including sovereign wealth funds; and

accounting and auditing.

Decentralization Actions to support decentralization, including investments in:

intergovernmental fiscal system including expenditure assignments, fiscal; transfers and own source revenue;

local economic development planning; and

local governance, public financial management, and subnational accountability mechanisms.

Reforms of state owned enterprises

Actions to support reforms in state owned enterprises, including investments in:

reorganization, restructuring, and liquidation.

Law and judiciary Actions to support law and judiciary, including investments in:

parliamentary system and legislation;

judicial systems;

court systems; and

alternate dispute resolution mechanism.


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Social protection initiatives

Action to support social protection initiatives, including investment in program for :

social transfers (targeted to general poor and vulnerable individuals and groups);

child welfare allowances;

social assistance to elderly (non-contributory pension);

social assistance to the disabled;

food for work program; and

labor market program. Note: This is a residuary subsector enabling capture of social protection investment, which cannot be clearly apportioned to any social sectors. All other social protection investment in identified social sector, e.g., health and education, shall be entered in the relevant sector.

Sri Handayani, RSGS [email protected] local 5964

Transport (TRA) Lloyd Wright, RSID [email protected] local 6975

Road transport (non-urban)

Actions to improve “non-urban” road transport for both passenger and freight, including investments in:

expressways;

national roads;

provincial roads;

district and rural roads;

footpaths and cycle lanes;

road-based freight transport;

parking facilities;

road transport vehicles, including buses, cars, trucks, non-motorized vehicles;

road maintenance and asset management;

road safety; and

road transport sector policies and reforms.

Water transport (non-urban)

Actions to improve “non-urban” waterborne transport, for both passenger and freight, including investments in:

inland waterways;

river stations and water way ports;

small landings;

shipping;

ports and terminal facilities;

vessels;

maritime and waterway safety;

water transport infrastructure maintenance and asset management; and

water transport sector policies and reforms.


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Rail transport (non-urban)

Actions to improve rail-based transport for both passenger and freight, including investments in:

railway Infrastructure, including track and signaling;

railway stations and associated infrastructure;

rail rolling stock (locomotives, wagons, coaches);

railway safety; and

railway maintenance and asset management. Note: Rail systems that specifically serve urban areas, e.g., Mass Rail Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT), are included under Urban Transport.

Air transport Actions to improve air transport for both passenger and freight, including investments in:

airports and associated infrastructure;

air carriers (both passenger and freight);

air navigation and security; and

air transport policies and reforms.

Multimodal logistics

Actions to improve multimodal freight, storage and facilities, including investments in:

freight storage, handling and multimodal facilities; and

multimodal logistics zones.

Urban public transport

Actions to improve transport in urban areas, including investments in:

mass rail transit (MRT) and associated infrastructure;

light rail transit and associated infrastructure

road-based public transport (buses, bus rapid transit, trolley buses) and associated infrastructure;

footpaths and cycle lanes; and

urban waterway/river transport.

Urban roads and traffic management

Actions to improve transport in urban areas, including investments in:

urban expressways;

urban roads and bridges;

urban parking facilities;

urban transport sector policies and reforms, including multimodal urban transport planning and land use planning;

urban traffic demand management and urban traffic control;

urban intelligent transportation systems (ITS); and

urban logistics centers. Note: Investments in urban transport master plans are included under transport policy and institutional development subsector.

Transport policies and institutional development

Actions to support the formulation of policies and institutions in the transport sector, including:

transport policy formulation;

development of transport master plans;

development and enforcement of standards and regulations;

institutional capacity building; and

fostering Private Sector Participation (PSP), including PPP.

Water and other urban infrastructure and services (WUS) Alan Baird, RSID [email protected] local 4410


51


Urban water supply Actions to improve water supply services to urban households, including investments in:

improvement of water sources and storage;

collection, purification, and distribution of water supply to household, industrial, commercial and others users, including option for communal faucets in urban poor communities;

reduction of non-revenue water, including network upgrading, metering; and

support to infrastructure development and management, including PSP (concession contract).

Urban sewerage Actions to improve sanitation services to urban households, including investments in

piped wastewater network covering collection, treatment, disposal, recycle and re-use (centralized and/or decentralized);

off-site treatment of wastewater; and

sludge management.

Urban sanitation Actions to improve sanitation services to urban households, including investments in

septic tanks; and

septic collection and treatment.

Urban flood protection

Actions to manage storm water and reduce flood risks in urban communities and for infrastructure assets, including investments in:

storm water management, including channel and drainage improvements; and

flood protection works, including sustainable urban drainage systems, flood retention areas.

Urban solid waste management

Actions to improve solid waste management in urban communities, including investments in:

collection, segregation, transportation and disposal of waste, whether from households or from industrial or commercial units;

informal garbage collection;

3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) approach;

landfill closure;

collection of landfill gas; and

waste-to-energy.

Urban hazardous waste management

Actions to improve domestic, industrial, medical hazardous waste management in urban communities, including investments in:

collection, transportation and disposal;

treatment facilities; and

clean-up activities.

Urban housing Actions to improve the access to urban housing, including investments in:

low-cost housing;

housing construction;

community buildings; and

green buildings.

Urban slum development

Actions to improve urban informal settlements, including investments in:

shelter upgrading; and

community buildings.

Renovation and protection of cultural heritage

Actions to improve cultural heritage in urban areas, including investments in:

urban renewal; and

architectural conservation.


52


Other urban services Actions to improve other urban services, including investments in:

municipal safety (fire stations, street lighting, etc.);

ICT-enabled services; and

urban improvement (public spaces, etc.).

Note: Urban Roads and bridges are in urban roads and traffic management.

Urban policy, institutional and capacity development

Actions to strengthen urban institutions, including investments in:

integrated urban master planning;

policy reform, regulations, laws;

tariff reforms, and reform of utilities;

urban development funds;

institutional development and capacity development;

improved operational management (customer database data monitoring and collection,);

asset management;

support to infrastructure management, including PSP (service contracts, management contracts, lease contracts);

community-based disaster preparedness (e.g. flood, drought, etc.);

forecasting and warning system (e.g. flood); and

urban planning, governance, and environmental policies.

Multisector (MUL) Action to support multisectoral investments, in which components are inextricably dependent on one another. In other cases, where the investment under a loan or grant is made in multiple sector, it should be apportioned to the relevant sector(s) and subsector(s) of classification categories.

ADB’s corporate management, policy and strategy development

Technical assistance projects that support ADB’s corporate, policy, and strategy development will be classified as multisector with the relevant subsector title.

Glossary of AidFlows terms Islamic Development Bank

53

Inter American Development Bank DEFINITIONS: Donor View

Sovereign Guaranteed Loans

Sovereign Guaranteed (SG) loans are loans granted to a member country, to any of its political subdivisions or governmental entities, decentralized state organizations, regional organizations composed by member countries, and the Caribbean Development Bank.

The IDB offers three types of loans to the public sector, also known as Sovereign Guaranteed loans (SG):

Investment Loans: this type of loan

supports public and private sector

investment projects in Latin America and the

Caribbean.

Policy-Based Loans: these loans support

institutional and policy changes on the

sector or sub-sector level, through fast-

disbursing funds.

Emergency Loans: these loans help

countries cope with financial or economic

crises and natural or other disasters.

Non-Sovereign Guarantee Loans For its non-sovereign guaranteed borrowers, the IDB provides private and state-owned companies and financial institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean with the financing necessary to help meet the region's growing demands.

Technical Cooperation Financing provided by the Bank for the transfer of knowledge and expertise for the purpose of economic and social development in borrowing member countries. Technical cooperation programs can be nonreimbursable (grants), reimbursable (loans), or contingent-recovery (reimbursable if the program is financed by another lending institution).

Blended Loans The blended loan is a mixture of both the Fund for Special Operations and Ordinary Capital Single Currency Facility. It is considered as one single loan with one single contract and two financing

http://www.iadb.org/en/about-us/idb-financing/investment-loans,6056.html

http://www.iadb.org/en/about-us/idb-financing/policy-based-loans-pbls,6057.html

http://www.iadb.org/en/about-us/idb-financing/emergency-loans,6058.html

Glossary of AidFlows terms Islamic Development Bank

54

sources which is disbursed pari-passu from a pre-determined mix of FSO and OC funds.

Fund For Special Operations

Bank resources consisting of contributions from the member countries to finance grants and loans on concessional terms that respond to special circumstances in the poorest, least developed borrowing member countries.

IDB Grant Facility: GRF

The IDB Grant Facility was established in 2007 to provide additional non-reimbursable resources for Haiti to finance operations critical for overcoming the present crisis and laying a foundation for long-term growth.

Ordinary Capital

Includes Capital from member countries, Borrowings and Reserves.

Capital Subscription Capital stock consists of “paid-in” and “callable” shares

Amounts Paid-in The subscribed “paid-in” capital stock has been paid, in whole or in part, in United States dollars or the currency of the respective member country, which in some cases has been made freely convertible, in accordance with the terms for the respective increase in capital. Non-negotiable, non-interest-bearing demand obligations have been accepted in lieu of the immediate payment of all or any part of the member’s subscribed “paid-in” capital stock.

Amounts Subject to Call The subscribed “callable” portion of capital may only be called when required to meet obligations of the Bank created by borrowings of funds for inclusion in the Ordinary Capital resources or guarantees chargeable to such resources and is payable at the option of the member either in gold, in United States dollars, in the currency of the member country, or in the currency required to discharge the obligations of the Bank for the purpose for which the call is made.

FSO Contribution Quotas Contributions to the FSO are made in the form of non-negotiable, non-interest bearing demand obligations in lieu of the immediate payment of all or any part of a member’s contributions quotas. The payment of contributions quotas is conditional on the members’ budgetary and, in some cases, legislative processes.

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