IES Roadshow II

8/10/2019 IES Roadshow II

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Welcometo the

IES Roadshow II


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The IES and the Quest for the Holy GrailDisruptive Technology in the Lighting Industry

Fred Oberkircher, FIES, Educational IALD, LC

Emeritus Professor

Texas Christian University

Ambassador for Lighting Education

Philips Day-Brite


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This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws.Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without writtenpermission of the speaker is prohibited.


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This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuingprofessional education. As such, it does not include content that maybe deemed or construed to constitute approval, sponsorship orendorsement by the AIA of any method, product, service, enterpriseor organization. The statements expressed by speakers, panelists,

and other participants reflect their own views and do not necessarilyreflect the views or positions of The American Institute of Architects orof AIA components, or those of their respective officers, directors,members, employees, or other organizations, groups or individualsassociated with them. Questions related to specific products andservices may be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.


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Learning Objectives

1. Identify the key changes in the Societyssearch to identify light

2. Compare the significant metrics used

3. Analyze the current state of evolvingdisruptive technology

4. Predict the effects of these disruptions to

the future of light


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2012 IES Annual Conference

Conference HotelMinneapolis Marriott City Center30 South 7th StreetMinneapolis, MN 55402November 11-13


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Brilliant The Evolution of Artificial Light

Jane Broxs best seller(who would think thatlighting could be a bestseller) chronicles the

series of disruptivetechnological changesthat evolved light.


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Columbian Exposition 1893


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Illuminating Engineering Society - 1906

An era of disruption

When founded in 1906, 80% ofthe IES membership was in the

gas industry.

The first IES paper, written byLouis Marks concerned theproblem of glare in the newincandescent lamp.


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New York Worlds Fair - 1939

First major use of fluorescentlighting. Interestingly, phosphortechnology for white light wasnot very advanced..

So the first fluorescent lampswere colored!


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IES Handbook, 1 st Edition, 1947

Although the IES was founded in1906, it took until 1947 for the firstIES Handbook to be created.

Recommended Practices camebefore that date, but 1947 marksthe first time that therecommendations of the Societywere all brought together in onedocument.


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Appendix A provided Levels ofIllumination Good CurrentPractice

Assembly, medium 20

Assembly, fine 100 Bank cages & Offices 50

Breweries, bottling 20

Churches, pews 10

Art glass windows Light color 20

Dark color 200


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Offices

Typing 50

Conference room 30

Desk work 30

Prolonged close work 50

Filing 30

Lobby 10


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IES Handbook, 2nd Edition, 1952

An interesting addition to theHandbook was the discussion ofthe Differences betweenArchitectural and UtilitarianLighting


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Differences between Architectural and Utilitarian Lighting

Architectural Lighting Illumination for effect. Footcandlelevels may vary from a few to over ahundred footcandles

Instead of uniform lighting gradedlighting on various surfaces to createeffects of perspective Surrounding areas may have valueswhich differ from the illumination of theprinciple area

Presence of shadows

Uni-directional light often desired forhighlights and shading

Specular reflections of low brightnesssometimes desired

Luminaires may be mainly decorative

Utilitarian Lighting Effective illumination. Adequate levelsfor easy vision

Illumination on principle surfaces mayvary. Higher illumination for workspaces

A comparable illumination on surfacessurrounding the principle work area

Absence of shadows or soft shadows

Multi-directional light Freedom from specular reflections inwork surfaces or adjacent areas

Efficient luminaires


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IES Handbook, 4th Edition, 1966

Levels of Illumination CurrentlyRecommended saw significantchange.

Assembly, medium 100

Assembly, fine 500 Bank cages & Offices 150


Churches, pews 15

Art glass windows Light color 50

Dark color 500


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IES Handbook, 4th Edition, 1966

Offices also saw an increase inlighting levels:

Difficult 150

Ordinary 100

Casual 20

Typing 50

Conference room 30

Desk work 30

Prolonged close work 50

Filing 30

Lobby 10


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Comparison

1947 and 1952

Assembly, medium 20

Assembly, fine 100

Bank cages & Offices 50


Churches, pews 10

Typing 50

Conference room 30

Desk work 30 Prolonged close work 50

Filing 30

Lobby 10

1966

Assembly, medium 100

Assembly, fine 500

Bank cages & Offices 150


Churches, pews 15

Difficult 150

Ordinary 100

Casual 20


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The Grail Search is Misdirected

During the early 1970s theUnited States went throughits first energy crisis due tothe Arab oil embargo.

One of the prevalentsolutions to immediatelysaving energy was toremove one or more lampsfrom fluorescent fixtures.


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IES Handbook, Application Volume 1987

In the 1980s, the IES divided thehandbook into two volumes, theReference volume was releasedin 1984, while the Application volume was released in 1987.

This edition also divided, whatearlier had been called InteriorLighting, into two sections:

Lighting Design

Lighting System DesignConsiderations


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Lighting System DesignConsiderations

Psychological Considerations was built upon the research ofJohn Flynn demonstrated theeffect of light on peoplesimpressions of space

Spatial Clarity

Spaciousness

Privacy Pleasantness


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For the first time, illuminanceconsiderations included aWeighting Factor that took intoconsideration:

Age of the Workers

Under 40 -1 40-55 0

Over 55 +1

Room Surface Reflectances

> 70% -1

30 70% 0

< 30% +1


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IES Handbook, 10 th Edition - 2011

Which brings us to the currentHandbook.


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Three SectionsFramework

Physics and Optics of Radiant Power

Vision: Eye and Brain

Photobiology and NonVisual Effects of Optical Radiation Perceptions and Performance

Concepts and Language of Lighting

Color

Light Sources: Technical Characteristics Luminaires: Forms and Optics

Measurement of Light: Photometry

Calculation of Light and its Effects


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Three SectionsDesign

Lighting Design: In the Building Design Process

Components of Lighting Design

Light Sources: Application Considerations Designing Daylighting

Designing Electric Lighting

Lighting Controls

Energy Management Economics

Sustainability

Contract Documents


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Three SectionsApplications: Lighting For

Art

Common Applications

Courts and Correctional Facilities Education

Emergency, Safety, and Security

Exteriors

Health Care Hospitality and Entertainment

Libraries

Manufacturing


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Three SectionsApplications: Lighting For

Miscellaneous Applications

Offices

Residences Retail

Sports and Recreation

Transport

Worship


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Graphics are used to provideinformation not available inprevious Handbooks.

Daylight media Scale Daylight Luminances

Luminaire Layout

Luminaire Luminances


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The IES Lighting Quality Grail Defined


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Could the Grail Look More Like This?


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Does Everyone Think This is the Holy Grail?

Interesting parallelsbetween the rise of theincandescent lamp inthe late 1800s..

and the rise of the LEDin the early 21 st Century

Solid state technology DC vs AC current


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Could This be the Holy Grail?

Our message is that LED solid state lighting systemswill completely revolutionize lighting systems. Thistransition will occur through the convergence ofadvanced digital lighting, novel, distributed

illumination sensors and new methods of control andcommunication between lights and between lightingsystems and other building systems.

Bob Karlicek

Director, Engineering Research Center


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Could This be the Holy Grail?

We view future, LED enabled illumination systems ascyber physical systems that can:

see where the light is going

know the environment that is using its lighting decide how best to save energy and meet theillumination needs (quality?) of the customer.

We call this Smart Lighting Systems that Think.

Bob Karlicek

Director, Engineering Research Center


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Environmental Systems Have Required Human Intervention

Open and close windows for air flow

Raise and lower solar shades for glare control

Open and close curtains for window heat gain/loss

control

Set and change heating/cooling temperature settings

Alter heating/cooling settings for day/week/activities

Turn on/off lighting

Set/Control lighting intensity


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A Change in Philosophy

Manual control of environmental systems is not sustainable

Increasingly complex environmental systems beyond the interestof the average consumer

Constant environmental settings are convenient but waste energy

Constant environmental settings are not consistent with humanactivity cycles nor human circadian cycles

Sustainable systems need to be both Intelligent and Intuitive


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Intelligent or IntuitiveDoes this match thedefinitions of eitherintelligent or intuitive?


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Intelligent or Intuitive

While this might match thedefinitive of intuitive, howwould it rank forintelligent?


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Intelligent or Intuitive

How about this?


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Tablet, e-reader ownership soars

The number of people who own tablets and e-readersnearly doubled from mid-December to January.

29% of Americans owned at least one tablet or e-reader as of the beginning of January 2012.

Up from 18% in December


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Intelligent Systems

Employ Sensor(s)

Contain a logic component

They work by:

Gathering data through the sensor(s)

Comparing the data

To each other

To some predetermined data set

Make decisions

Sometimes make new decision based on previous decisions


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Intuitive Systems

Make sense to vast majority of people

Take only one or two cycles to learn

Easily communicated to others

Easily remembered


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Intuitive Sustainability

Fisher Paykel Dryer

On-off button

No controls/settings

Dries clothes by weightingthem. When clothes nolonger lose weight bydefinition, they are dry.


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Intuitive SustainabilityThe Nest Thermostat

Turns on when youapproach

Simple dial rotates tochange temperature

Red for heating, Bluefor cooling

Occupancy sensor knowswhen the space is occupied

Learns occupant patternsand adjusts settingsaccordingly Cost $245 2011production sold out


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Residential Sustainability Accountability

Looking at this chart

Where should the residentialuser spend money to savemoney?

Which area impactssustainability to the greatestdegree?

Now would you spend $245to save from the 54% of yourbill? (45% + 9%)


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Challenges to an Intelligent/Intuitive Lighting System

Currently, any system approaching this level ofsophistication would be created by a lighting designer

Meaning that each system would be unique and specific

Think neon lighting systems

System needs to be a complete, packaged product

Think different models of cars

Currently, manufacturers too specific in terms of products

Need a company to source many components

Think open architecture software


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Aspects of an Intelligent/Intuitive Lighting System

Lamps

Capable of spectrum variation

Capable of intensity variation

Luminaires Capable of beam variation

Capable of varying degrees of diffusion

Controls

Luminaire to luminaire two-way control protocol

Time-of-day control of color spectrum and intensity

Learns clients space usage preferences

Intuitive control protocol


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Smart Cities, Intelligent Transportation & the Smart Grid

the predictable pathways of information arechanging: the physical world itself is becoming a typeof information system. In whats called the Internet ofThings , sensors and actuators embedded in physicalobjects from roadways to pacemakers are linkedthrough wired and wireless networks. .Whatsrevolutionary in all this is that these physicalinformation systems are now beginning to bedeployed, and some of them even work largely withouthuman intervention.

Michael Chui, Markus Loffler, Roger Roberts

March 2010 McKinsey Quarterly


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The Future of the Lighting Industry?

Meet Nick DAloisio

16 year old boy genius

While studying for a history exam,he grew frustrated with the flood oftext from Google search results.

Developed a genetic algorithmto summarize content as a humandoes, in any language.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)component extracts key pointsfrom masses of data.

Think of the applications


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A Final Thought an Anology

Our current state in thequest for the Holy Grail islike the story of thedryerlots of dials tomake our lightedenvironment suit us.

Our near future is like thedryer that requires onlyone button for humanlighted comfort.

IES Roadshow II

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