Diesel Fire Pump Engines

- for -

F.M. Approvals- by -

James S. Nasby

Columbia Engineering

C.E. IEEE-IAS 2

Topics to be Covered Constant (Variable) Speed Engines PLD Variable Speed Engines Electronic ECM (ECU) Engines Electrical Components Operating Environment Design Parameters Testing & Evaluation Installation Considerations

C.E. IEEE-IAS 3

U.L. Listed Fire Pump Engines

Caterpillar (Energize to Stop)

Clarke Cummins Also U.L. Listed - A/O 2012.02.07: Deutz Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd National Fire Fighting Mfg Fz Co

Although designed to run at a Fixed Speed, NFPA-20 considers all engines to be variable speed devices by nature of the speed governor and also for overspeed (overpressure) considerations. E.g.: Main Pressure Relief Valve always required.

C.E. IEEE-IAS 4

F.M. Approved Fire Pump Engines

Caterpillar (Energize to Stop)

Clarke Cummins Also F. M. Approved - A/O 2012.02.07

Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd Deutz Corp Olympiaweg AGCO SISU POWER

C.E. IEEE-IAS 5

Cummins NT & VT Series, Historic

C.E. IEEE-IAS 6

Caterpillar External Diagram

C.E. IEEE-IAS 7

Cummins ECM (ECU) Engine

C.E. IEEE-IAS 8

Clarke Engine w/ Dual Starters

C.E. IEEE-IAS 9

PLD Variable Speed Engines

Clarke PLD Pressure Limiting Driver.

Original design was a hydraulic closed loop (feedback) system which compares the pump output pressure to a spring force by was of a hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder operates to vary the speed governor set point. This mechanical system will become obsolete when mechanical governors become obsolete. This had only a few factory set pressure set points.

Their newer design is based on an electronic PD or PID loop coupled to the engine speed governor ECM (ECU).

C.E. IEEE-IAS 10

Clarke PLD Engine

C.E. IEEE-IAS 11

Electrical Components Batteries Gages Contactors (Two) Valves – Not all are Manual Operable

Single Coil Dual Coil (Energized During Cranking)

Speed Control Governor (Mechanical slowly being phased out due to EPA

Tier 3) Electronic – ECM (ECU); Not all have means for simulating

an Overspeed Condition Speed Switch – Critical ItemOil, Water, Low Temp. (new) Switch Contacts for Controller Starter Motor (One or Two)*

Note: *The dual starter motor Clarke engines do not have manually (mechanically) operable contactors.

C.E. IEEE-IAS 12

Electronic ECM (ECU) Engines

Cummins (U.L. & F.M.) Clarke (U.L. & F.M.) (Had a high current draw in the Alternate ECM position)

Notes:1) Some designs keep the ECM powered up continuously,

others only when needed.2) The 2010 Edition of NFPA-20 adds requirement for

Automatic Switchover between the primary and secondary (back-up) ECM with Manual Over-ride Switch.

C.E. IEEE-IAS 13

Diesel Driver & Fuel Switch & Engine Gage Panel

Caterpillar Fire Pump Engine

MCS 4817 Low Fuel Switch

Typical Engine Gage Panel

C.E. IEEE-IAS 14

Operating Environment

Environmental Conditions: Indoor, Outdoor, Temperature (High & Low) Cooling Heating Combustion Air Horsepower Derated for: Altitude Higher Ambient Temperature

C.E. IEEE-IAS 15

Dual Battery Operation

Diesel Battery Requirements

- Two banks of batteries are required.- Each must have capacity to crank the engine for 180 Seconds (Two times Six 15 Sec. Cranks).

-Typically: - the batteries are SAE 4D or 8D types; - Two 12 Vdc Batteries on 12 Volt Engines - Four 12 Vdc Batteries on 24 Volt Engines - Eight 12 Vdc Batteries on Large Engines*

12 V

24 V

* Requires 20 Amp chargers to meet the 24 Hour Re-Charge time requirement.

C.E. IEEE-IAS 16

Engine Drive

CombustionAir

-and-

RoomCooling

Most EnginesWater Cooled

C.E. IEEE-IAS 17

Design ParametersBattery Voltage Variation

The Engine and Controller must function reliably over a 250% voltage range. E.g.: 6 Vdc Breakaway, 9 Vdc Cranking (undulating voltage & current), 14+ Vdc High Rate Charging.

Battery Banks Sized for 12 @ 15 Sec Cranks (180 Seconds per bank) at 40°F.

New Hold-up Time Requirement (No A.C. Power): 72 Hours Stand-by and still provide three 15 Second cranks.

Engine Wiring & Components Must Accommodate: Cranking Currents (500 Adc or more) Breakaway Currents (1,200 Adc or more) Continuous Charging Current with a typical RMS ratio of

1.8 times the rated D.C. Current.** E.G.: 18 Arms current flow for a 10 amp charger due to ripple current.

C.E. IEEE-IAS 18

Engine Installation Considerations

Environmental Sprinklered Pump Room Outdoor Hazardous Locations, Explosion Proof:

Motor, Controller, Wiring

Air Filter Protection from Getting Wet Other

Salt Air Wind Blown Sand or Dust Temperatures Altitude

C.E. IEEE-IAS 19

Questions ?