IDN Development in Taiwan

TWNICAi-Chin Luaclu@twnic.net.tw

Content IDN Services IDN Standard .tw Registration Policy .tw Registration & Resolution Registry/Registrar Framework Implementation & Application

IDN service- Specific Chinese DN (xxxx. 商業 .tw)Launch: May, 2000Register one English DN get one free corresponding Specific Chinese DN

Fee: Free

IDN service- Generic Chinese DN ( 中文 .tw)

Version 1Launch: Feb, 2001Code: UTF8 Buy one traditional; get one simplified

Version 2Launch: Nov, 2003Code: PunycodeAccording to Language Variant Table

RFC 3490 RFC 3491 RFC 3743RFC 3492

DNS RFC1034/1035

IDN RFC3490-3492

JET IDN AdminGuideline RFC 3743

Language Variant Table

CDNC CDNAdmin

Guideline

TW & CNLanguage Variant Table

Enable InternationalizedDN on DNS

Handle variantcharacters onIDN

Handle TC/SC variant on Chinese DN

IDN standard

apply

apply

Chinese characters issues Traditional/Simplified Chinese character mapping

Ex: 台 臺 Writing style variant mapping

Ex: 峰 峯 Meanings are the same, characters differently in different countries

Ex: In China: 劝 (529D); In Japan: 勧 (52E7);In Taiwan: 勸 (52F8)

Vcp

Vcp vcp vcp Vcp

VcpVcpVcp

vcpvcp

Pv

Pv Pv

pvPv

*Basic Chinese characters including all valid code points can be partitioned into thousands of groups, called CVs .*Each CV can be represented as some vcp, called PV.

The concept of Language Variant Table

CV

The distribution of different length character variant

The length of character variant

Len-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Number of groups

1163059.6%

559028.6%

15459.96%

4802.45%

1600.81%

720.36%

350.17%

80.04%

*length-k CV means it consists of k VCPs

Valid code point(VCP)

preferred variant by .tw(twpV)

Character Variant(s)

(CV)

葉 (8449) 葉 (8449) 叶 (53F6)葉 (8449)

叶 (53F6) 葉 (8449) 叶 (53F6)葉 (8449)

个 (4E2A) 個 (500B)个 (4E2A)個 (500B)箇 (7B87)

個 (500B) 個 (500B)个 (4E2A)個 (500B)箇 (7B87)

箇 (7B87) 個 (500B)个 (4E2A)個 (500B)箇 (7B87)

.tw Language Variant Table sample

Valid code point(VCP)

preferred variant by .tw(twpV)

preferred variant by .cn(cnpV)

Character Variant(s)

(CV)

葉 (8449) 葉 (8449) 叶 (53F6) 叶 (53F6)葉 (8449)

叶 (53F6) 葉 (8449) 叶 (53F6) 叶 (53F6)葉 (8449)

个 (4E2A) 個 (500B) 个 (4E2A)个 (4E2A)個 (500B)箇 (7B87)

個 (500B) 個 (500B) 个 (4E2A)个 (4E2A)個 (500B)箇 (7B87)

箇 (7B87) 個 (500B) 个 (4E2A)个 (4E2A)個 (500B)箇 (7B87)

.tw & .cn Language Variant Table sample

Current .tw IDN Registration Policy Basic principle

First come ， First serve No restrictions for applicants

IDN Structure restrictions At least 2 Chinese characters The length can not exceed 63 bytes in punycode Interleaving simplified character into traditional character is prohibited

Fee –NT$900 per/year

.tw Registration &Resolution Registration

Register one Original Domain Name can get traditional &simplified Preferred Variants respectively, also own Character Variants which are reserved.

A Sample of .tw Registration

台網中心 .twTraditional 台網中心 .tw

Simplified 台网中心 .tw

檯網中心檯網中心 .tw,.tw,檯网中心檯网中心 .tw.tw籉網中心籉網中心 .tw.tw籉网中心籉网中心 .tw.tw臺網中心臺網中心 .tw.tw臺网中心臺网中心 .tw.tw颱網中心颱網中心 .tw.tw颱网中心颱网中心 .tw.twOriginal DN

TC/SC Preferred Variant

Character Variant

.tw Registration & Resolution Resolving

put original domain name and traditional & simplified Preferred Variant into the Zone file

Indirect Resolving Look up the reserved Character Variants

A Sample of .tw Registration

台網中心 .twTraditional 台網中心 .tw

Simplified 台网中心 .tw

檯網中心檯網中心 .tw,.tw,檯网中心檯网中心 .tw.tw籉網中心籉網中心 .tw.tw籉网中心籉网中心 .tw.tw臺網中心臺網中心 .tw.tw臺网中心臺网中心 .tw.tw颱網中心颱網中心 .tw.tw颱网中心颱网中心 .tw.tw

.tw Registration & Resolution DiagramService Resolution

Register .twIDN

CV

simplifiedtraditional

Zone File

Reserved

Indirect Resolving

resolving

Registry

Registrar

RegistryDB

RegistrarDB

EPP

Registry/Registrar Framework

Support non-ASCIIUTF8 encoding

Non-ASCII Domain Name

Zone file

IDN Implementation and application- service providers

Set up DNS zone "." {type hint;file "named.ca";}; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {type master;file "named.local";};zone " 中文大學 .TW" {type master;file "chinese.edu.tw";};

zone "." {type hint;file "named.ca";}; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {type master;file "named.local";};zone "xn--fiq80y3xbiwr.TW" {type master;file "chinese.edu.tw";};

IDN Implementation and application- service providers

Set up Webserver Modify 【 httpd.conf 】

<VirtualHost 中文大學 .tw> DocumentRoot /usr/local/www/data ServerName 中文大學 .tw</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost xn--fiq80y3xbiwr.tw> DocumentRoot /usr/local/www/data ServerName xn--fiq80y3xbiwr.tw</VirtualHost>

IDN Implementation and application- internet users Download Client-end Software Perform

Namepref (Mapping, Normalization, Prohibition) translate IDN to punycode translate punycode to IDN and display in address bar

IDN Implementation & Application -Whois DB

Input local encoding or punycode to query Look up Language Variant Table for each query Display VCP, twPV, cnPV and CV IDN simultaneously

.tw CDN statistics

75559

88560

108960

117738117640

113625108483

107590106213

104200103094

104117

107436

105808

106683107434

108236107776

108341108959

110032110709

110407112430

113051112367

112316111252

113355113981

114343114720

114802115252

115863116257

116762

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

2000

.06

2000

.12

2001

.02

2001

.06

2001

.12

2002

.06

2002

.12

2003

.01

2003

.02

2003

.03

2003

.04

2003

.05

2003

.06

2003

.07

2003

.08

2003

.09

2003

.10

2003

.11

2003

.12

2004

.01

2004

.02

2004

.03

2004

.04

2004

.05

2004

.06

2004

.07

2004

.08

2004

.09

2004

.10

2004

.11

2004

.12

2005

.01

2005

.02

2005

.03

2005

.04

2005

.05

2005

.06

IDN.tw .商業.tw .組織 .tw .網路.tw

Proposal to ICANN for Internationalized ccTLD: CDNC’s members Consensus

5 principles to ICANN for Internationalized ccTLD Implement IDN ccTLD as priority Each ccTLD only allows keeping one IDN ccTLDEach ccTLD Registry chooses its own IDNEach IDN ccTLD should be registered, and then operated in ICANN’s DNS root server The proposal should explain lucidly about IDN ccTLD – pros and cons

Thank you !

TDsnw@twnic.net.tw

DN anthony@twnic.net.tw

www.twnic.net.tw