Identifying actors as prospective stakeholders in ...reload-globe.net/cms/images/resources/Roba et...

Presenter: Guyo M. Roba, PhD Student.

Authors: Guyo M. Roba, Margareta A. Lelea,Anja Christinck, Brigitte Kaufmann

European Seminar on Extension and EducationApril 28 – May 1, 2015

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Identifying actors as prospective stakeholders intransdisciplinary research on pastoral livestock-

meat supply chains in northern Kenya

INTRODUCTION

In transdisciplinary research, theory and practice areintegrated to:

o address issues and questions raised by different stakeholders

o link knowledge production in academia, and knowledge requiredfor solving societal problems

o integrate knowledge, interests, power and values for solutions tothe problem

o mutual learning between practitioner experts and scientificexperts

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German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany

RESEARCH PROBLEM

“Integration of all relevant stakeholders”

o the phrase masks the complexity of stakeholder process

o spectrum of methodologies behind the term

o what is relevant? who decides what is relevant?

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DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPT OF STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS IN TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

4Step 6: Stakeholder integration in the research process

Step 5: Selection of participants

Which stakeholders should participate in the research project?

Step 4: Stakeholder analysisWho has a 'stake' with regard to

the problem/issue and why? Stakeholder analysis - outcome What are the relationshipsbetween stakeholders?

Step 3: Formulation of a specific problem or issue to be addressed in the research

e.g. reducing post-harvest losses, improving quality of products, etc.

Step 2: Actor identification and initial characterizationIdentifying actors and their roles, objectives and

scope of action in the human activity system Reflecting on social difference

Step 1: Selection of a human activity system for research focuse.g. a particular food supply chain

Source: Lelea et, al. 2015

STEPS IN STAKEHOLDER INTEGRATION IN RESEARCH PROCESS

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Remote dryland area

Inhabited by Rendillepastoral community

Main stocks traded aregoats and sheep

Working up from `producercatchment` areas

Step 1: Selection of a human activity system: goat andsheep supply chains in Northern Kenya


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Merille Livestock MarketPhoto: Roba, 2014

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Actor: is a category of person who performs certainfunctions within a human activity system.

Methods for identification

o secondary document review

o participant observation

o snow ball techniques

Step 2: Actor identification and initial characterization


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• Herding• Watering• Animal treatment• Trekking goat to market

Producers• Government veterinary

officer• Local NGOs

Actors directly involved with thegoats and sheep

Activities Interrelated actors

Local Traders, Localbutchers &

Individuals (herders& assistants in the

market

Transporters & Lorrybrokers

• Identify goats/sheep ofinterest

• Branding the animal• Trekking to collection

point• Organize transport from

Marsabit

• Animal loading• Trucking to the next

market

• Market committee• County government• Local NGOs

• County government• Government veterinary

officer• Individual labourers

• Price negotiation &payment

• Price negotiation &payment

• Getting movement permit• Getting health license• Sand loading

• Getting movement permit• Getting health license• Sand loading

Step 2: Actor identification and initial characterizationStep 2: Actor identification - outcome


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• Paying market access fee• Counting goats and

handing over to brokerNairobi Traders &

Brokers

• Local trader• County government of

Nairobi• Exporters• Institutions• Individual households• Transporters

Activities Interrelated actors

Butchers

• Cooling• Pricing & selling

• Nairobi traders• Consumers• Tanneries• Meat distributors• Public health officers

• Slaughtering• Meat distribution• Selling meat and skins

Domestic &export marketDomestic &export market

Wholesalers:

• Price negotiations &selling

• Price negotiations &selling

• Distribution• Distribution• Urban consumers

• Households• Hotels, bar &

restaurants• Meat exporters

(Middle East)

Step 2: Actor identification – outcome continued


Actors directly involved with thegoats and sheep

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How to increase benefits to multiple actors of a goatand sheep supply chains through improved market

information flow and coordination of marketactivities?

Step 3: Formulation of specific problem to be addressedby the research


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Stakeholder: While actors are those who do an activity in the

chain, stakeholders are those actors who are concerned with aspecific problem situation

Methods

o interviews

o participatory mapping – Net Map and Venn Diagram

Step 4: Stakeholder analysis


Producer

Local traders

Transporters

NairobiBrokers

ActorsActorsInterests• Size of goats

demanded by endmarket

• Reliable buyers• Information on

alternative buyers• Contract with

buyers• Ready transport• Where to get

animals fortransportation toNairobi

• Better brokeragefees & frequentsupply of goats tothe market

Knowledge• Livestock

productioncondition & salescycles

• Types of animalsdemanded byspecific market

• End-market prices

• Transport costs• Availability of

transport vehicles

• Different buyers inNairobi

• Animal prices• Market demand &

supply conditions 12


Step 4: Stakeholder analysis - outcome

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Selecting participants:

o Stakeholders with potential for collaboration

o Stakeholders select their own representatives – alongagreed criteria

o Adding participants as the process proceeds

Step 5: Selection of participants


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Collaborative learning and action with stakeholders

Step 6: Stakeholder integration in the research process


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CONCLUSIONS

Multi-stage analysis of detailed activity & sub-activities:

o Builds a clear picture of the actors and their relationships;

o Minimizes the risk of skipping important stakeholders;

The approach enables simultaneous understanding of thestakeholder’s interests, knowledge and constraints.

The interest of one stakeholder group can be addressed byknowledge held by another group.

The approach can be modified to specific situation


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THANK YOU


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REFERENCESEngestrom, Yrjo. 2000. “Activity Theory as a Framework for Analyzing and RedesigningWork.” Ergonomics 43 (7): 960–74.

Enserink, Bert, Leon Hermans, Jan Kwakkel, Wil Thissen, Joop Koppenjan, and PieterBots. 2010. Policy Analysis of Multi-Actor Systems. Hague.

Hirsch Hadorn, G., Bradley, D., Pohl, C., Rist, St., andWiesmann, U.: 2006, Implicationsof Transdisciplinarity for Sustainability Research, Ecol Econ 60, 119–128.

Hirsch Hadorn, G., Hoffmann-Riem, H., Biber-Klemm, S., Grossenbacher-Mansuy, W.,Joye, D., Pohl, C., Wiesmann, U., Zemp, E. (Eds.), 2008. Handbook of TransdisciplinaryResearch, Dordrecht, Springer.

Long, Norman. 1990. From Paradigm Lost to Paradigm Regained? The Case for anActor-oriented Sociology of Development. European Review of Latin American andCaribbean Studies 49: 3-24.

Varvasovszky, Zsuzsa and Ruairi Brugha. 2000. “How to Do (or Not to Do)... AStakeholder Analysis.” Health Policy and Planning 15 (3): 338–45.

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