Identification of Shrimp and Prawns

7/30/2019 Identification of Shrimp and Prawns

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By shravan kumar sharma

CIFE, Mumbai

ORDER DECAPODA


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Introduction

It contains biggest crustaceans like prawns,shrimps, lobsters and crabs.

This is the largest and most highly organized

crustacea.

It includes about 8,500 species.

Head and thorax fused to form a cephalothorax

The first three thoracic appendages are modified

as maxilliped, and rest are pleopod, some ofwhich may be chelates.


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Bi-ramous appendages


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Pleopods are biramous.

Three series of branchiae are usually present:a. Podobranchiae coxae of legs.

b. Arthobranchae arthoidal membranes

c. Pleurobranchiae

sides of thoracic walls.A statocysts usually present on the proximal

segments of the antennae.


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Statocysts


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Decapoda is divided into two sub-orders, Natantia

(Prawns and shrimps) and Reptantia (lobsters and

crabs).

Sub-order Natantia

a) Body laterally compressed, generally adapted for

swimming.b) Carapace have well developed rostrum

There are three sections in Natantia;-

a) Penaeidea (shrimps)

b) Caridea (freshwater prawns)

c) Steriopodidea


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Section (Infra-order) Penaeidea

Second abdominal pleura do not overlap on first.

First three legs are chelates.

Gills are dendrobranchiate.

E.g. Penaeus, Sergestes etc.


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Penaeus monodon


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Section (Infra-order) Caridea

Second abdominal pleura overlap those of first

First two legs are chelates

Gill filaments are thin plate-like, arranged in two

rows on a central axis like the leaves of a book,termed phyllobranchiate.

E.g. Palaemon, Macrobranchium etc.


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Macrobrachiumrosenbergii


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Section (infra-order)

Stenopodidea

Second abdominal pleura not over lapping thoseof first.

First three chelates

Gills trichobranchiate, gill filaments broken into

finger-like bits, appearing like the bristles of

bottle-brush.

E.g.- Stenopus hispidus


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Stenopus hispidus


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a. Trichobranchiate

b. Phyllobranchiate

c. Dendrobranchiate


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Sub- order Reptantia

Dorso-ventrally flattened body

Rostrum short or absent

Abdomen (well-developed or reduced) with first

segment smaller than posterior ones.

Thoracic legs strong with first pair usually forming

large pincer like claws or chelipeds.

Pleopods often reduced and not adapted for

swimming.E.g. Panulirus polyphagus


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Panulirus polyphagus


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This is divided into three sections (infra-order) :-

a) Macrura (lobsters and crayfishes)

b) Anomura (hermit crabs, sand crabs)

c) Brachyura ( true crabs, spider crabs)


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Section (infra-order) Macrura

Abdomen is well-developed, Extended uropodsand telson form a broad tailfan

First and third legs similar

Gills numerous

It includes three subsection

a) Palinura (Panulirus, Thenus, Puerulus)

b) Astacura (Crayfishes)


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Sub-section PalinuraSub-sectionAstacura

Rostrum small or

absent

Legs rarely chelates

E.g. Lobsters(Panulirus, Thenus

and Scyllarus)

Well developed

rostrum

First three legs

chelatesE.g. Lobsters

(Homarus), Crayfish

(Astacus, Cambarus)


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Section (Infraorder) Anomura

Body bent beneath the thorax or asymmetrical

Few gills

E.g. Hermit crabs (Eupagurus).


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Hermit crabs


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Section (infra-order) Branchyura

Abdomen greatly reduced, hard, permanentlyflexed under cephalothorax.

Very large carapace

Rostrum and uropods present

First legs unusually large and chelate.

Few gills

E.g.- True crabs (Portunus, Carcinus, Uca)

Spider crabs (Macrocheira, Libinia)


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General morphology of shrimp and

lobsters


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The body of prawn is segmented and covered

by a chitinous integument, the exoskeleton.

Typically each segment has a ring ofexoskeletal covering; the adjacent rings are

being connected by, the arthroidalmembrane, making feasible the movement.

The dorsal region is called and the

ventral is .

A pair of appendages is found on the lateral

side of the sternite portion. The tergite may overhang freely over the

sternites, called .


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In most shrimps the sexes are separated

But in the case of pandalus (a genus) thejuveniles first undergo a male phase and

transformed into the female later. (pro-androus)

The paired reproductive organs are situated on

both sides and below the heart. The matured ovary in female extended along the

entire length of the carapace the opening of the

oviduct is at the base article of third pereopod.

In male the sperm duct leads to the terminalampoules and which opens out at coxa of the 5th

pereopod.


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Pandalus borealis


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MEASUREMENTS


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Penaeid vs non-penaeid prawns

Non-penaeid prawns Penaeid prawns

Pleurae on either sideof the exoskeleton ofthe second abdominal

segment overlap thepleural of the first andthird segments.

Only first two thoraciclegs are chelate.

Such organs fortransfering and storingsperms are not present.

Females carry eggsbetween their pleopods

as a clusters

Pleurae of theexoskeleton of thesecond abdominal

segment overlap onlythe third segment.

First three thoracic legsare chelate.

Male posses petasma

for transfereing spermand female possessesthelycum for storingsperms

Females lay eggs

individually in waters.


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Family Penaeidae

Plurae of second abdomen somite overlappingthose of first segment, 3rd leg with a chela.

Last two pairs of walking legs well developed.

Well developed and toothed rostrum extending to

or beyond distal edge of eye. Carapace without post-orbital spine and with

short cervical groove ending well below dorsalmidline.

3rd and 4th pairs of Pleopods are biramous. One single well developed arthobranch on

penultimate thoracic segment (hidden beneaththe carapace)

Rostrum have both dorsal and ventral teeth.

enaeus n cus ne-e war s


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enaeus n cus, . ne-e war s,1837

Rostrum slender, longwith distinct doublecurve

usually bearing 7 to 9dorsal teeth (including

those on carapace)and 3 to 6 ventralteeth.

A dorstral crestextending as far as orjust before epigastrictooth.

Post-rostral crestextending near toposterior margin ofcarapace.

enaeus merguens s e


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enaeus merguens s eMan, 1888,

Blade of rostrumhigh, broadly

triangular in shape

A dorstral crest and

groove not reaching

as far as epigastric

tooth.

Dorsal teeth 7-9,ventral teeth 4-6


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Penaus semisulcatusDe haan,

1850

Teeth on rostrum 6-7/2-3, almost staright with a

uniformly convex blade,

reaching tip of

antennular peduncle.

P d F b i i


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Penaeus monodonFabricius,

1798

Rostrum with 7-8/2-3teeth, usually 7/3,exceeding tip ofantennular peduncle.

Adrostral carina

reaching almost toepigastric tooth, notbeyond.

Hepatic carinaprominent, antennalcrest prominent endingnearly middle of thehepatic crest.

Ichial spine on firstpereopod; no exopodon fifth leg.

Telson unarmed.


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Genus Metapenaeus

Carapace without lateral keels. Rostrum toothed on dorsal margin only.

No exopod on 5th pereopods

E.g.

Metapenaeus affinis, Metapeneusbrevicornis, Metapenaeus dobsoni, M.

monoceros etc.


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Metapenaeus dobsoni(Miers 1878)

Rostrum extending a littlebeyond the tip of theantennular peduncle, with7 or 9 dorsal teeth andhaving a well marked

double curve A marked edentate distal

portion.

Posterior part of rostrumwithout distinctly elevated

crest The basal spine on the 3rd

pereopod of maleserrated.

Branchio cardiac groove

reach almost to the


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Metapenaeus monoceros(Fabricius

1798)

Rostrum nearlystraight, uptilted,reaching neraly to, ora little beyond, the tipof the antennularpeduncle

Armed with dorsally 9-12 teeth.

Post-rostral carinacontinued to, oralmost to, theposterior border of thecarapace.


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Metapenaeus affinis (H. milne edwards 1837)

Upper margin of the rostrum

with 8-11 teeth.

Telson with spinules, shorter

than endopod of uropod.

Merus of fifth pereopod with

small denticles.

Branchio cardiac ridge

curved upwards.

Upper margin of rostrum

nearly straight.

The fifth pleopod elongatedand extend beyond the

antennal squama or scale.

Merus of fifth pleopod with

small denticles.

Metapenaeus brevicornis (H milne edwards


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Metapenaeus brevicornis(H. milne edwards1837)

The rostrum is curvedand rarely reaches to the

middle of the 2nd joint of

the antennular peduncle

Dorsally bearing 7 teeth.


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Genus : Parapenaeopsis

Expod on 5th pereopod present; pleurobranch on 7th

thoracic somite absent

Carapace with longitudinal sutures; ischial spine on2nd pereopod absent

3rd pereopod without epipodite

No distal fixed pair of spines on the telson; lateral

mobile spines may be present Rostrum without ventral teeth


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Parapenaeopsis stylifera(H.milne edwards,1837)

Rostrum sigmoid with aproximal crest bearing 7-9with two post orbitalteeth,.

Adrostral carina endingabout halfway between

epigastric and penultimatetooth; sulcus shallow.

Postrostral carina distinctalmost extending toposterior border ofcarapace. telson with 4pairs of lateral spines.

Antennular flagella slightlylonger than carapace

Epipod and basal spineon the 1st and 2nd

pereopod.

Family : Sergestidae


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Family : Sergestidae

small size shrimps rostrum very short;

last 2 pairs of pereopods shorter than anterior

legs (fifth pair much shorter) or absent. usually small sized to microscopic; body

strongly compressed laterally


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Genus : Acetes

Acetes indicus (Pasteshrimp)

The adlt size rangefrom 1 to 4 cm.

The carapace withpoorly developedcrest and groove.

Rostrum shorter than

the eye stalk,generally small.

Tooth on inner marginof 3rd pereopod.


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Family Palaemonidae

Pleurae of second abdominal somite overlappingthose of first and third segments.

No chelae on third pareopods.

Gills phyllobranchiate.

No epipods on legs.

Carapace cylindrical with a prominent laterally

compressed rostrum carrying dorsal and ventral

teeth. Most commercial important genus is

Macrobranchium


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Genus Macrobranchium

Branchiostegal spine absent

Hepatic spine present


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Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Rostrum long, normallyreaching beyondantennal scale, slenderand somewhat sigmoid

distal part curved

somewhat upward

11-14 dorsal and 8-10ventral teeth.

Eyes stalked,

First two pairs ofpereiopods chelate;each pair of chelipedsequal in size.


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Macrobrachium malcomsoni

Rostrum with 10-13dorsal teeth) and 4-7

ventral teeth

reaching to about

end of antennal scale,its tip slightly

upcurved;.

Telson gradually

tapering to a sharppoint

Section (Infraorder)


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Section (Infraorder)

Stenopodidea

Second abdominal pleura not over lapping thoseof first.

First three legs are chelate, at least one third leg

heavier than the first two.

Gills tribranchiate, the gill filaments broken into

finger-like bits, appearing like the bristles of

bottle-brush.

E.g. Stenopus spp.


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Identification of Shrimp and Prawns

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