Identification Freshwater Fish
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Transcript of Identification Freshwater Fish
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FRESHWATER FISH
SPECIESIDENTIFICATION
Agriscience 381Wildlife and Recreation Management
#8985-C
TEKS: (c)(3)(B)
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Game Fish Species Non-Game Fish Species
Protected Fish Species
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Introduction
Freshwater fish live in public orprivate waters such as rivers, streams,creeks, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs.
The salt content of freshwater rangesfrom 0 to 5 parts per thousand.
Any person can have access to publicwaters.
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Private water is any body of water
that is completely surrounded byprivately owned land.
Water can flow through privateproperty.
People can have access to thiswater, but not to the property oneither side.
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Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
(TP&WD) identified the nine mainspecies of freshwater game fishdiscussed in this presentation.
TP&WD regulates not only the gamefish, but the non-game species and
protected species.
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To help in identification of fish species, letsreview some terminology and parts of the fish.
Anterioron or towards the head.
Posterioron or towards the tail.
Anterior Posterior
Picture by Timothy Knepp courtesy of U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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Dorsaltoward the back or uppersurface.
Ventraltoward the abdominal orlower side.
Dorsal
VentralPicture by Timothy Knepp courtesy of U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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Medialtoward the central or middle ofthe body.
Lateralon or toward the right or left sideof the body.
Medial
Lateral
Lateral
Photo by Jan Dean courtesy of U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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Game Fish Species
TP&WD closely regulates taking of
game fish species.
Some species may be natural hybrids.
Drawing by Glenn Young courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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The following fish will be discussed inthis presentation of game species:
Bass
Catfish Crappie
Sauger
Chain Pickerel
Trout Walleye
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Bass
There are two families of bassdiscussed in this lesson:
Sea bass family
Sunfish family
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Temperate or true bass belong tothe sea bass family. They include:
Striped Bass
White Bass
Yellow Bass
Hybrid Striped Bass
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Striped BassMoronesaxatilis
Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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The striped bass is a saltwaterspecies that moves far upstream
during spawning.
Photo by Eric Engbretson courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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White BassMoronechrysops
Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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The white bass is a freshwater speciesthat can be identified by a double
dorsal fin in which the front spinyportion separates from the rear soft-rayed portion.
Photo by Eric Engbretson courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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Yellow BassMorone mississippiensis
The yellow bass gets its name from
the yellow color on its belly andsides.
It is easily confused with the whitebass or a young striped bass.
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The bottom two stripes on each sideare broken slightly behind the
middle of the fish.
The yellow bass is a small species,
usually less than one pound.
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Hybrid Striped BassMorone saxatilis x Morone chrysops
The hybrid striped bass is a crossbetween the striped bass and the
white bass.
This is a unique cross because the
striped bass is a saltwater speciesand the white bass is a freshwaterspecies.
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The sunfish family, also called blackbass, include the following species:
Largemouth Bass
Smallmouth Bass
Guadalupe Bass
Spotted Bass
h
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Largemouth BassMicropterussalmoides
The largemouth bass exists in Texaswaters as the native largemouth.
The Florida largemouth is an exoticto Texas waters.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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Photo by Eric Engbretson courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
S ll th B
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Smallmouth BassMicropterusdolomieu
The smallmouth bass is similar tothe largemouth species, except forthe size of its mouth.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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Photo by Eric Engbretson courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
G d l B
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Guadalupe BassMicropterustreculli
S tt d B
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Spotted BassMicropteruspunctulatus
C tfi h
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Catfish
There are five catfish species common to
Texas waters. (Note: three are game species andtwo are non-game species.)
Channel Catfish Blue Catfish
Flathead Catfish
Ch l C tfi h
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Channel CatfishIctaluruspunctatus
The channel catfish and the bluecatfish have very similar
characteristics.
The channel catfish is a popular
species for aquaculture.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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Photo by Eric Engbretson courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Blue Catfish
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Blue CatfishIctalurusfurcatus
The blue catfish are big-river fish thatreach weights up to 300 pounds.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Flathead Catfish
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Flathead CatfishPylodictisolivaris
The flathead catfish, sometimes calledthe yellow cat, is another popularfreshwater sport fish in Texas waters.
The flathead or yellow cat isconsidered the largest popularfreshwater sport fish.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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Photo by Eric Engbretson courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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Crappie
White crappie and black crappie arepopular game fish in Texas waters.
Both are sunfish.White crappie is common statewide,
whereas the black crappie is limitedto East Texas.
White Crappie
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White CrappiePomaxis annularis
Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Black Crappie
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Black CrappiePomoxisnigromaculatus
Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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Photo by Eric Engbretson courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Sauger
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Sauger
Saugers (Strizostedioncanadense)aremembers of the perch family.
They resemble walleye.
They are another exotic to Texas,coming from the Ohio River and Lake
Erie.They are a food species for winterfishing.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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Chain Pickerel
The chain pickerel (Esox niger) is relatedto the northern pike and themuskellunge, or muskie.
They are another species that arefished for during colder weather.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Trout
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Trout
Trout are cold-water species and, as
that would suggest, this does not allowthem to thrive in warm Texas waters.
Two species of trout are popular gamefish:
Rainbow trout
Brown trout
Rainbow Trout
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Rainbow TroutOncorhynchusmykiss
Rainbow trout are anadromous.That is, they live in the sea, but
return to rivers to breed.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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Photo by Eric Engbretson courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Brown Trout
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Brown TroutSalmo Trutta
The brown trout is an exotic toNorth American waters.
They are often stocked in Texaswaters during the winter.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Walleye
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WalleyeSander vitreum
The walleye is a member of theperch family.
This species has been stocked inmany lakes and reservoirs.
They normally reach the 12 to 15pound weight range.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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Photo by Eric Engbretson courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
N G Fi h S i
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Non-Game Fish Species
Non-game fish are often referred toas trash fish.
There are two reasons for this:(1.) Most of their meat has little
appeal; and
(2.) They tend to interfere with theproduction of game fish species.
Non game fish have no season and no
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Non-game fish have no season and nolimits.
However, this does not include anyspecies on the threatened or
endangered species list.
The following non-game species
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The following non game speciesare discussed in this presentation.
Sunfish
Drum
Alligator Gar
Bullhead Catfish
Carp
TilapiaSunfish
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Sunfish
Sunfish are a popular species that do
have tasty meat.
Often they are stocked to provide
food or fodder for game fish species.
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Five species of sunfish are discussed.
Bluegill Sunfish
Warmouth
Green Sunfish
Redear Sunfish
Longear Sunfish
Bluegill Sunfish
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Bluegill SunfishLepomismacrochirus
The bluegill sunfish is the mostpopular sunfish and is found
statewide.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Warmouth
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WarmouthLepomis gulosus
Warmouth is another species foundstatewide and averages eight
ounces in weight.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Green Sunfish
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Green SunfishLepomis cyanellus
The green sunfish has a largemouth like the warmouth and can
easily hybridize with other sunfish.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Redear Sunfish
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Lepomismicrolophus
The redear sunfish does not havean ear as its name suggests. The
males opercule flap is red and thefemales flap is orange.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Longear Sunfish
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gLepomismegalotis
The longear sunfish have a longopercule flap that gives the illusion
of a long ear.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Freshwater Drum
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Aplodinotusgrunniens
The drum is a non-game fish thatproduces a deep booming sound.
The drum is a statewide speciesthat is found in all major rivers
and impoundments.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Alligator Gar
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gAtractosteusspathula
The alligator gar is the largestmember of the gar family.
It can reach and often exceeds 150pounds in weight.
The gar is an air breather and cansurvive in stagnant waters where fewother species could survive.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Bullhead Catfish
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The black bullhead catfish and theyellow bullhead catfish are non-game species.
Both will weigh about two pounds.
Black Bullhead
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Ameiurusmelas
Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Yellow Bullhead
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Ameiurus natalis
Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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Photo by Eric Engbretson courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Carp
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Carp
The two species of carp common toTexas are the common carp and thegrass carp.
These exotic species were originallynative to Asia.
Common Carp
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Cyprinuscarpio
The common carp, which can liveover 45 years and exceed 75
pounds, is a scavenger that feedson plants and animal materials.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Grass Carp
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Ctenopharyngodonidella
The grass carp is a potentially invasivespecies that can strip a water body of
all aquatic vegetation.A triploid species has been genetically
developed to be sterile.The triploid grass carp is protectedand should be returned to the water.
The grass carp, also known as the
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diploid grass carp, is not protected.
Photo by Eric Engbretson courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Tilapia
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Oreochromis
There are several of the Oreochromisspecies, but the one commonly
found in Texas waters is theOreochromis mossambicusorMozambique variety.
Tilapia are exotic to Texas waters
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Tilapia are exotic to Texas waters.
They are native to Africa, specificallythe Nile River region.
They are herbivores and will not takea bait of earthworms or insects.
False hooking can occur.Tilapia are common aquaculturespecies.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Protected Fish Species
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Protected Fish Species
There are many fish in Texas watersthat are on the threatened orendangered species list.
The paddlefish is one species thatcan be caught with a hook and line
using a technique called snagging.
Paddlefishl d h l
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Polyodon spathula
Since the paddlefish is a planktonfeeder, it will not take bait.
Its meat has value, but it was oncesought after for its caviar.
Although classified as a game fish,TP&WD does not allow harvestingof this species.
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Photo by Duane Raver courtesy of U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Reproduction or redistribution of all, or part,
of this presentation without writtenpermission is prohibited.
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