ICT INFRASTRUCTURE SURVEY FOR AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE

- 1 - E-mail [email protected] or [email protected]

Web: http://www.oshethiopia.htm

P.O.Box 4540

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Phone +251(1) 51 39 00 Fax +251 (1) 515699

THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA

MINISTRY OF CAPACITY BUILDING National ICT Capacity Building Programme

ICT INFRASTRUCTURE SURVEY FOR AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL

STATE

Consultant:

Fikre Y. Wondimu

April 13, 2004

Addis Ababa

http://www.oshethiopia.htm

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Details Online System House (OSH)

Physical Address: Africa Avenue (Bole Road) Near Olympia Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Business +251 (1) 513900 Fax +251 (1) 515699

Postal Address: P.O.Box 4540 Addis Ababa

Ethiopia

Consultant: Fikre Y. Wondimu Information and Communication Technology EXP/2003ert

Office: +251 (1) 51 39 00 +251 (1) 50 73 33 Mobile: +251 (9) 22 14 00 Fax +251 (1) 51 56 99

Email: [email protected]

Web: http://www.oshethiopia.com

http://www.geezfont.com

http://www.oshethiopia.com

http://www.geezfont.com

ICT Infrastructure Survey for Amhara National Regional State

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STATEMENT OF CONFIDENTIALITY

I submit this document to Ministry of Capacity Building - National ICT Capacity Building Program and Amhara National Regional State – Capacity Building Bureau with the understanding that it will be held in strict confidentiality and will not be disclosed or be used in whole or in part for any purpose.

Fikre Y. Wondimu


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Acknowledgement

I would like to acknowledge the following people and institutions for their

invaluable contributions to this study. First and foremost Mr. Yinager Dessie

and Mr. Tesfaye Muhiye of Capacity Building Bureau - ANRS for their

unprecedented co-operation and comment. I would also like to acknowledge

contributions made by Mr. Mengistu Motbaynor for designing and inputting of

survey data into SPSS., all surveyors Mr. Tilayun Berhane, Mr Birhanu Taye,

Mr. Shewangizaw Tadesse, Mr. Mengistayehu Mamo, Mr. Mekonnen Amare

and Mr. Bogale Bekele . Also my acknowledgement goes to Regional

Bureau Heads, Zonal Administration Capacity Building Staff and Woreda

Administrators for their sincere and genuine cooperation. Further, we would

like to acknowledge the Federal Government’s ICT Capacity Building

Programme Offices for their guidance.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACRONYMS....................................................................................................................... 7

TABLES AND FIGURES LIST ...............................................................................................8

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................9

1.1 THE SURVEY STUDY...........................................................................................................9 1.2 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................9

CHAPTER 2. PROJECT OBJECTIVE, SCOPE AND DELIVERY GUIDELINE.............11

2.1 OBJECTIVE.......................................................................................................................11 2.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY......................................................................................................11 2.3 EXP/2003ECTED OUTCOME .............................................................................................12 2.4 STUDY TARGETS .............................................................................................................12 2.5 OUT OF SCOPE ................................................................................................................12 2.6 CONSULTANTS DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................13

CHAPTER 3. AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE PROFILE..............................14

3.1 REGIONAL PROFILE ..........................................................................................................14 3.2 REGIONAL TOPOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................15 3.3 RESOURCES.....................................................................................................................15 3.4 ECONOMY 16

CHAPTER 4. PROJECT EXECUTION, APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY..............18

4.1 RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................................18 4.2 PROJECT EXECUTION .......................................................................................................18 4.3 OVERALL APPROACH AND APPLIED METHODOLOGY...........................................................18 4.4 PROJECT DELIVERY GUIDELINE ........................................................................................20

CHAPTER 5. ANRS ICT INFRASTURCTURE SURVEY ..............................................21

5.1 THE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES ........................................................................................21 5.2 OVERALL SURVEY TARGETS .............................................................................................22 5.3 SURVEY RESULTS ............................................................................................................23 5.4 SURVEY RESULTS ON SCHOOLS .......................................................................................39

CHAPTER 6. ICT DEVELOPMENT IN THE AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE..44

6.1 ICT FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND GOOD GOVERNANCE................................44 6.2 RECOMMENDATION FOR FORMULATION OF VISION STATEMENT .........................................44 6.3 STRATEGY AND POLICY ALIGNMENT .................................................................................45

CHAPTER 7. ICT HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT.........................................47

7.1 ICT TRAINING..................................................................................................................48 7.2 ICT TRAINING COURSE OUTLINES.....................................................................................49

CHAPTER 8. COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT - HIGH LEVEL REQUIREMENTS 61

8.1 THE DATACENTER ............................................................................................................61 8.2 WOREDA NETWORK – WOREDA ADMINISTRATION.............................................................66 8.3 REGIONAL BUREAU – SECTOR (EDUCATION, HEALTH & AGRICULTURE) .............................70 8.4 REGIONAL BUREAU – SMALL (INVESTMENT, TOURISM, INDUSTRY & TRADE & ETC...).........74


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CHAPTER 9. OVERALL PROBLEM STATEMENT.......................................................79

CHAPTER 10. FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .........................81

10.1 MAJOR FINDINGS ..........................................................................................................81 10.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ANRS.....................................................................................83 10.3 LONG TERM STRATEGIC DIRECTION................................................................................84 10.4 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................85

APPENDIX I. ICT USAGE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ....................................................87

PART I: BACKGROUND...........................................................................................................87 PART II: AVAILABILITY OF ICT INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................................88 PART III: ICT ACCESS AND UTILIZATION...............................................................................91 PART IV: ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT RELATED ISSUES ...............................................94

APPENDIX II SCHOOL QUESTIONNAIRE ........................................................................96

PART I BACKGROUND INFORMATION ....................................................................................96 PART II AVAILABILITY AND ACCESS OF ICT INFRASTRUCTURE ...............................................96 PART III INTERNET ACCESS ...................................................................................................98 PART IV SOFTWARE ...............................................................................................................98 PART V TECHNICAL SUPPORT...............................................................................................99 PART VI TRAINING IN CURRICULUM APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS ..........................................99

APPENDIX III SURVEY DATA QUESTIONNAIRE 1 (GENERAL).....................................100

APPENDIX IV SURVEY DATA QUESTIONNAIRE 2 (SCHOOLS)....................................107

APPENDIX V TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) ................................................................109


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ACRONYMS

ACRONYMS DESCRIPTION ANRS The Amhara National Regional State DDN Digital Data Network DMZ Demilitarized Zone FR Frame Relay ETC Ethiopian Telecommunication Corporation HR Human Resource HRD Human Resources Development ICT Information Communications Technology LAN Local Area Network N/A Not Applicable NGO None Government Organization PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network TOR Terms Of Reference UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply WAN Wide Area Network SPSS Statistical Package for Social Studies


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TABLES AND FIGURES LIST

Table Description Page

Table 1 – Project phases 20

Table 2 – Survey targets and achievements 22

Table 3 – Availability of Electricity 23

Table 4 - Office Equipment Utilization 25

Table 5 - Office Equipment Utilization as a % of desktop utilization per 100 workforces 26

Table 6: Utilization of computers for Office Applications. 27

Table 7: Internet connectivity using dial-up 28

Table 8 - Internet utilization by type 28

Table 9 - Computer literacy (knowledge of Office Applications) 29

Table 10 – Internet Service Satisfaction 30

Table 11 – ICT as departments is established 31

Table 12 – Properly trained ICT Professionals 31

Table 13 – ICT Professionals vacancies availability 32

Table 14 – Allocation of budget for ICT training 32

Table 15 – LAN Implementation 33

Table 16 - Website availability 33

Table 17 – Computer Literacy 34

Table 18 - % Availability of in-house developed software 34

Figure 19 – Computer failure chart 35

Table 20 - % Failure to cause Organization to function 36

Table 21 - % availability of an ICT Policy 36

Table 22 – Major problems to eXP/2003and ICT 37

Table 23 - Internet Service Problems 38

Table 24 – ICT will contribute to Region’s Development 38

Table 25 – ICT as a Critical Component 39

Table 26 – Computer utilization in school 39

Table 27 – Computer application utilization by type 40

Table 28 – School computer equipment assessment 40

Table 29 – Degree of computer-assisted learning 41

Table 30 – Priority as to what to do in the next 3 years 41

Figure 31 - Internet Utilization 42

Table 32 – ICT as contributor to improve learning practice 42

Table 33 – ICT to be a critical component in the country’s strategic plan 43

Table 34. ICT Development and Deployment Activity Phases 84


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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Survey Study

This survey was commissioned as a result of the agreement signed on 12th

February 2004 between the National ICT Capacity Building Programme

Director and Consultant Fikre Y. Wondimu after fulfilment of competitive

bidding process.

The overall project of establishing baseline data for ICT Infrastructure was

based on the signed Contractual Agreement and the Terms of Reference

provided by the Ministry of Capacity Building - ICT Capacity Building

Program. The writer of this document is responsible for delivering a

comprehensive and effective Regional ICT Infrastructure Survey document,

which also includes baseline data on current ICT utilization and

infrastructure status of the Region.

1.2 Background

The Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) consists of 10 Administrative

Zones, one Special Zone, 105 Woredas, and 78 Urban Centers covering

an estimated area of 170,752 square kilometres and has a population of

estimated 18.1 million.

In this historic juncture of information revolution, the Federal Democratic

Republic Government of Ethiopia strongly believes that in the newly

emerging global economic order the basis for national prosperity is the

maximum utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT),

and that Ethiopia can no longer afford to miss the ICT fast moving wagon.

Instead, it has to cheetah pole-vault or leapfrog to catch up the fast moving

wagon as soon as possible.

Currently, ICT holds the prospect of an accelerated introduction towards


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state-of-the-art technologies superseding the step-by-step process of

transferring know-how and technologies among users of information. ICT is

having a profound impact on global economic relationships and social

patterns in both the developed and the developing countries. In fact, ICT is a

tool for alleviating poverty, accelerating development and promoting good

governance. Therefore, information is becoming a priceless commodity

whose value is increasing with time and becoming a critical resource for

sustainable development.

ANRS sees ICT within the wider context of its socio-economic development

objectives and also believes that it should take advantage of new

technologies to attain high-level, broad-based, and far-reaching socio-

economic development goals in order to alleviate poverty, accelerate

development and promote good governance.

This ICT Infrastructure Survey is developed to assist future decision-making

activities for all kinds of ICT capacity building programmes. The baseline

data in particular, will provide adequate information for future ICT planning

and policy formulation initiatives and endeavours.


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CHAPTER 2. PROJECT OBJECTIVE, SCOPE AND DELIVERY GUIDELINE

The primary objective of the national ICT capacity building project is to

promote sustainable economic growth and poverty alleviation in Ethiopia

through the effective utilization of ICT in support of the Nation’s overall

development programmes.

This project is intended to examine the overall Regional ICT status in order to

establish baseline data to assist future planning and policy formulation

initiatives in all aspects of ICT development and deployment. ICT

development for the Region is highly anticipated to enhance efficiency,

effectiveness and transparency in the civil and public services and it is also

eXP/2003ected to speed-up by and large integration in to global knowledge

economy.

2.1 Objective

The main objective of the study is to assess the ANRS ICT Infrastructure

data and based on the findings, to provide recommendations for the Regional

ICT infrastructure development to include ICT training needs, communication

infrastructure and ICT equipment.

2.2 Scope of The Study

Determine current level of ICT for decisions making. This includes the

identification of:

Assess existing level of ICT utilization

Assess availability of ICT human resources (HR) and capacity by

type and skills

Identify reasons for ICT HR shortage and turnovers.

Assess the distribution of ICT resources by area/location.

ICT Capacity in learning institution in terms of quality and quantity.


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ICT equipment utilized.

Provide inventory of custom, commercial and availability of

technical support

Determine the level of connectivity (LAN/WAN) and efficiency

Determine the level of Internet utilization.

Determine basic infrastructure availability – Communication and

Electricity.

2.3 EXP/2003ected Outcome

Determine the needs of ICT training by quality and quantity (short,

long and medium term).

Recommend the content of ICT training.

Recommend type of communication infrastructure appropriate.

Identify basic hardware and software needs.

Identify obstacles.

2.4 Study Targets

Federal Agencies,

Regional Administration Bureaus,

Zone/Woreda Administrative Bodies,

ICT learning Institutions,

Schools and Health Centers,

Public and Private Enterprises,

NGO’s,

ICT Regulatory Agencies, and

ICT Service Centers

2.5 Out of Scope

Inclusion of survey data from UNDP’s project on Baseline Study on

Development and EXP/2003loitation of ICT in order to avoid duplication

of


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effort.

2.6 Consultants Duties and Responsibilities

Prepare Inception Report to eXP/2003ress understanding of the

project.

Conduct survey as per the Terms of Reference.

Enter survey data into SPSS for analysis.

Analyze survey data

Prepare progress report.

Prepare Draft ICT Infrastructure Survey Document.

Prepare Final ICT Infrastructure Survey Document.

Conduct Workshop.


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CHAPTER 3. AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE PROFILE

3.1 Regional Profile

Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) is one of nine constituent

regions of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia which is

located in the north western and north central part of Ethiopia, ANRS

shares common borders with the state of Tigray in the north, Afar in

the east, Oromiya in the south, Benishangul/Gumuz in the south west,

and the Republic of Sudan in the west. As a result of the Federal

Governments’ decentralization policy and empowerment to Zones and

Woredas, the Regional Government consists of 11 Administrative

Zones, out of which 3 Zones are structured as National Zones. There

are 113 Woredas in overall, within which 3,224 Kebele and Rural

Associations are organized.

Source: Bureau of Capacity Building - ANRS


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The Region population is estimated close to 18,166,975 of which

9,137,988 (50.3%) are males and 9,028,987 (49.7%) females. The

urban residents of the State number 1,671,362 while its rural residents

are 16,495,613 (90.8% of the total population).

3.2 Regional Topography

The topography of the Region is very variable ranging from lowland

around 700 Mts. at the bottom of the eastern escarpment and in the

river valleys to the top of Ras Dejen (Dashen) at 4,620 m. The

variation in topography is reflected in the agro climatic zones

(Highland and Lowland) found in the Region.

The State of Amhara is divided mainly by three river basins, namely

the Abbay, Tekezze and Awash drainage basins. Located at the

center of the Region, Lake Tana is the largest lake and the source of

Blue Nile

(Abbay). Blue Nile the largest and the longest of all measures

approximately 1,450 Km from source to the junction of White Nile near

Khartoum.

3.3 Resources

The estimated livestock population of the Region is approximately 9.1

million cattle, 8.4 million sheep and goats, 1.6 million horses, mules

and donkeys, and 8.5 million poultry. It is estimated that about 40% of

the livestock population of the country are found in this region.

Amongst the twenty-one species, Walia Ibex, Semien Fox, Gelada-

baboon, Grey Duiker, Klipspringer, Hyenas and Corocodile are found

in this region, especially at the Semien mountain national park.

The Region has mineral resources ranging from Coal, Shell,

Limestone, Lignite, Gypsum, Gemstone, Silica, Sulphur to Hot Springs


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and Mineral Water. The 12th century Rock-Hewn churches of

Lalibela, and the Palaces in Gondar are two of the world known

heritages of the Country.

The traditional mural paintings and hand crafts, the preserved corpse

of the royalty found in the ancient monasteries in Lake Tana, as well

as the Semien mountains national park, which shelters the endemic

Walia ibex are spectacular tourist attractions.

Three tourist attractions found in the region are registered in the

UNESCO list of world heritages. Besides these known heritages, the

Blue Nile Falls, the caves and unique stones in northern Showa, and

the Merto Le Mariam church are amongst the very special tourist

attractions of the region.

3.4 Economy

3.4.1 Agriculture

The basis for the livelihood of the people in the Region is based

on agriculture. About 90.8% of the people are engaged in

agriculture which also includes animal husbandry and utilization

of animals for farming. Despite the great majority of the

population is engaged in subsistence farming, utilization of

traditional farming technique has not been able to guarantee

food security for the Region.

3.4.2 Industry

Industrialization started in the early 60th. However, very few

developments took place ever since. Currently, Food

Processing, Beverage, Textile and wood sawing light industries

exist in Bahir-Dar, Gondar, Combolcha and Debre Berhan.

3.4.3 Trade


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Various items are produced in various geographic locations and

traded throughout the Regions. Skin Hides and Oilseed are

main items sold outside the Region.

3.4.4 Transport

Currently, land roads interconnect the majority numbers of

Woreda towns. Sea transportation services carried out by the

Regional Government to connect islands and its environs

around Lake Tana has played significant role. Air

transportation has also reached few towns.

3.4.5 Telecommunication Services

Currently, Telecommunication Services has reached 117 towns

amongst which, 11 Zones are being provided fax service.

3.4.6 Electricity Services

As per ANRS ICT Capacity Building assessment, from the total

of 113 Woredas, 53 woredas have 24 hours hydroelectric

services, one woreda has 16 hours Diesel Generator service

and seven woredas have 6 hours Diesel generator service.


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CHAPTER 4. PROJECT EXECUTION, APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

4.1 Responsibilities

The overall project of establishing baseline data for ICT Infrastructure

Development Strategy Study was based on the signed Contractual

Agreement and the Terms of Reference provided by the Ministry of

Capacity Building - ICT Capacity Building Program. The writer of this

document is responsible for delivering a comprehensive and effective

Regional ICT Infrastructure Development Strategy Plan document,

which also includes baseline data on current ICT utilization and

infrastructure status of the Region.

4.2 Project Execution

The overall execution of the surveying ICT infrastructure in the ANRS,

for establishing baseline data for further ICT decision making process

was divided into various phases, which also contain measurable

deliverables in the form of successive Interim Reports. At the early

project stages, project strategies were defined to establish the bases

for a project execution in the form of Inception Report.

4.3 Overall Approach and Applied Methodology

The methods used to achieve the objectives to produce an effective

Regional ICT Infrastructure Development Strategy Plan document was

based on rigorous surveys conducted using two questionnaires. The

first questionnaire was designed to capture general ICT utilization in

Government Offices, NGO’s, Private Sectors such as internet cafes

private businesses; where as the second questionnaire was strictly

targeted for schools (Private and Public).


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After establishing basic strategies for data collection, the study team

established basic selection criteria for hiring potential surveyors who

are capable of conducting the survey with minimum assistance.

After thoroughly interviewing ten candidates, the Study team selected

six indigenous young professionals, three of them with first degree and

the others with University Diploma qualification mainly in the field of

Statistics and related discipline.

The study team provided a workshop to eXP/2003lain the objective of

the questionnaires and thoroughly educated content technicalities.

After conducting a full day workshop to cover the technical aspects of

the questionnaires and providing basic training on technology issues,

the surveyors were dispatched to conduct a two days sample survey

in Bahir-Dar and its vicinities. The surveyors sample work was

verified, minor technical problems were corrected.

Equipped with necessary tools (letters, ID card, questionnaires, money

and etc..) the surveyors were hired and despatched to their respective

destination.

As per the Terms of Reference, the survey was planned to be

conducted between January 18 and February 29, 2004. The overall

survey was targeted to cover 75 - 80 % of Regional and Woreda

Administration offices, NGO’s, Government Owned Businesses,

Research Centers, Schools, Private Sectors and other relevant

institutions. To this end, nearly 76% of the planned survey has been

collected and nearly 400 questionnaires were entered in to SPSS.

In order to provide the required deliverables as per the National ICT

Capacity Building Program’s TOR, the study was conducted in four

distinct phases.


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Table 1 – Project phases

4.4 Project Delivery Guideline

As demonstrated in the inception report, the overall project deliverable

strategy has been slightly modified in order to harmonize the

questionnaires and eXP/2003edite reporting needs.

This phased methodology approach was chosen primarily to establish

eXP/2003edited set of formal deliverables through a series of

measurable milestones.

This approach is essentially designed to handle all activities until

deliverables are realized. As demonstrated above on Table 1, project

deliverables were divided into phases and activities.

Phases Description Deliverable

Envisioning Understanding the assignment Inception Report

Planning Project Execution Planning, Team Organization

Interim Report

Dispatching Dispatching Survey Technicians to conduct survey

Interim Report

Analysis and Report

Collecting Survey Results and entering them into SPSS for analysis

Draft Report

Consolidation, Finalization and Reporting

Consolidation of survey results and write-up Reports

Final Report


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CHAPTER 5. ANRS ICT INFRASTURCTURE SURVEY

5.1 The Survey Questionnaires

Two questionnaires were designed to capture ICT base line data in order

to complement the Regional ICT Infrastructure Development Strategy Plan

document.

5.1.1 The Main Questionnaire

The Project Team designed two questionnaires to survey public,

private and Non Governmental organizations. Targeting Public,

Private and Non-governmental Organizations, the first questionnaire

was designed to capture responses using four part questions, multiple

choices and ratings (Part 1 -Background, Part 2 - Availability of

Infrastructure, Part 3 -ICT Access and Usage and Part 4 -

Organization and Management Related Issues). The overall objective

of the questionnaire is focused around collecting the following

information:

Availability of electricity.

Availability of telephone system.

Office Automation Equipment including computers and printers.

Internet connectivity.

Availability of Web site.

Availability of Local Area Network Infrastructure.

Software utilizations within the Organization.

Assessment of ICT HR.

Computer distribution within the Organization.

Assessment of in-house developed software.

Purpose of Internet utilization.

Problems related to Internet Utilizations.

Establishment of ICT as a Department.


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Assessment of ICT contributions towards socio-economic

development.

ICT impact on development.

5.1.2 The School Questionnaire

Targeting schools were public and private primary, secondary and

post secondary schools, and the second questionnaire was designed

to capture information using questions, choices and ratings. The

questionnaire is divided into five parts:

Part I - Background Information.

Part II - Availability and Access of ICT infrastructure.

Part III - Internet Access.

Part IV - Technical Support.

Part V - Training in Curriculum Application of Computers.

5.2 Overall Survey Targets

The survey was targeted to acquire responses from all Administrative

Bureaus, Woreda Administration, Schools, NGO’s and Private Sector.

The following table shows the overall survey targeted and the number

of responses:

Table 2 – Survey targets and achievements

Category

Total Size Number of

Survey Targeted

Number of Survey

Responded

Total Response as

% Planned Regional Bureaus 46 30 21 70% Zone/Woreda Administrations

340 260 243 93%

Private Sector N/A 40 30 75% NGOs 58 20 17 85% Others 100 10 6 60% Schools 123 (9-10 +

Prep.) 100 75 75%

Total

460 391 85%


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5.3 Survey Results

To this end, the survey team has managed to gather information from over

391 establishments. Accordingly, all survey data were entered and

carefully analyzed using SPSS software.

5.3.1 Regional Availability of Electricity

As per ANRS ICT Capacity Building assessment, from the total of 113

Woredas, 53 Woredas have 24 hours hydroelectric services, One

Woreda has 16 hours Diesel Generator service and Seven Woredas

have 6 hours Diesel generator service.

As a matter of fact, 52 Woredas out of 113 Woredas were found to

have no electricity services whatsoever.

Table 3 – Availability of Electricity

Zone Administration

No. of Woredas

24 Hrs

Hydro 16 Hrs

Diesel 8 Hrs Diesel

No Power

Total Availability

Bahir-Dar

11 7 - - 4 7 Enjibara

5 5 - - - 5 Debre Markos

15 8 - 2 5 10 Debre Berhan

20 7 - 1 12 8 Kemissie

4 3 - 1 - 4 Dessie

18 6 - 1 11 7 Woldia

9 5 - - 4 5 Sekota

3 - - - 3 - Debre Tabor

10 4 1 - 5 5 Gondar

18 8 - 2 8 10 Total

113 53 1 7 52 61

Electricity

Availability %

46.9% 0.88% 6.2% 46.02%

53.98%


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As indicated in Figure 2, 46.02% of Woredas are without electricity

service. Unavailability of Electricity will certainly decelerate ICT

deployment activities. This setback should be taken seriously and

apart from Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation playing a leading role

to alleviate the problem, other contingency plans must be established.

5.3.2 Availability of Office Automation Equipment

The overall Office Automation Equipment deployment is shown in

Figure 3 on the next page. The survey suggests that most

Government and Non-Government offices acquire basic telephone

systems some with PBX facility.

Even though the number of typewriter count is half the size of

computers, it indicates that manual work is still in abundance.

Typewriters utilization is still considered dominant and far away from

extinction. Mostly, Government Offices haven’t yet replaced these

typewriters with computers.

Desktop Computer utilization per 100 employees is 4.86%. This

means a single desktop computer can be shared among 20

workforces. Comparing this figure against Finland, 1 desktop

computer is shared nearly for 2 people. This is basically taking into

consideration the overall population including children and senior. (Source: UN 2002 Statistics)

Due to lack of networking, we observer poor utilization of printers.

It is also surprising to notice that there are more photocopy

machines than desktop and laptop computers combined.


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Table 4 - Office Equipment Utilization

Availability of Office Automation Equipment

Total

Zone/ Woreda Bureau NGO Private Others

% Utilization per 100

Employee Telephone Line

(wired)

1091 700 200 60 102 29 4.89%

Telephone

(wireless)

12 4 2 1 0 5 0.05%

Fax Machine

124 64 32 8 16 4 0.56%

Typewriter

616 470 36 21 40 49 2.76%

Desktop Computer

1086 567 300 97 113 9 4.86%

Laptop

174 60 57 21 11 25 0.78%

Desktop + Laptop

1260 627 357 118 124 34 5.64%

Printer

703 396 194 54 59 0 3.15%

Plotter

14 5 9 0 0 0 0.06%

Digitizer

16 9 6 0 1 0 0.07%

Server Computer

24 11 4 2 6 1 0.11%

Network

69 42 3 6 17 1 0.31%

Internet

73 6 30 13 20 4 0.33%

VSAT

6 3 3 0 0.03%

Web

98 82 5 6 4 1 0.44%

Photocopier

2446 2419 11 6 7 3 10.95%

Computer :

Printer Ratio

1.78 : 1

Total Number of

Employee as per

survey count

22,333


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5.3.3 Availability of Computers and Printers

Regional Government and Non-Government establishments residing

in Bahir-Dar and its environs seem to acquire standalone Desktop,

Laptop computers and printers in some form. Computers are not new

in most offices. However, as we go further to remote locations,

computer utilization becomes scarce. Unavailability of electricity

coupled with the new decentralization process and lack of funding

are main causes. The following table demonstrates the total desktop

per 100 workforces. It also indicated the ration desktop computers

connected to a printer.

Table 5 - Office Equipment Utilization as a percentage of desktop utilization per 100

workforces

The survey result suggests that there are nearly 5 computers available

for 100 employee and nearly two computers are sharing one printer.

As shown on Table 4, the total Desktop utilization per 100 workforces

is 4.86% and the ration utilization of printers against computers

indicates that every printer is shared by nearly two computers.

Type of organization

Total Surveyed

Total Workforce Desktops Laptops Printers Desktop

Per 100 Workforces

Ratio of Desktops

to Printers

Woreda Administrati

on

242 18,670 567 60 396

3.03%

1 : 0.69 Regional Bureaus

21 1,306 300 57 194

2.29% 1 : 0.64

NGOs

17 750 97 21 54 1.29% 1 : 0.55 Private Sector

30 1,291 113 11 59

8.75% 1 : 0.52

Others

6 316 9 25 0 2.84% 1 : 0.00

Total

316 22,333 1086 174 703 4.86% 1 : 0.64


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5.3.4 Software Utilization

The survey suggests that, nearly 97.6% of available standalone

computers are being used only for word and spreadsheet

processing (office application) activities. While this indicates the

benefits of using computers to increase efficiency and productivity

are partially understood, utilization of computers for other purposes

is still undiscovered.

By the same token, lack of networking suggests that equipment

such as printers are not shared (nearly two standalone computer

are connected to a printer).

Computer Utilized

Number Surveyed

Number of Desktop

Computers

Available

Number of Desktop

Computers used for Office

Application

% Utilization

only for Office

Applications

Woreda Administration

242 627 618 98.56%

Regional Bureaus

21 357 342 95.79% NGOs

17 118 112 94.91% Private Sector

30 124 124 100.00% Others

6 34 34 100.00% Total

316 1260 1230 97.62%

Table 6: Utilization of computers for Office Applications.

5.3.5 Internet Connectivity and Utilization

Figure 6 illustrates the distribution of Internet connections in the

Region. Amongst the 391 Government Administration Office and

school respondents surveyed, a total of 76 (27.37%) responded that

they are connected to the Internet via dial-up connection.


- 28 -

Table 7: Internet connectivity using dial-up

5.3.6 Internet Utilization

As indicated in the survey result bellow, Interment is mainly used

either for E-mail (42.59%), Information Research (31.48%) and

Download (20.99%) purposes. Few respondents indicated that they

are also using it for E-learning and download purposes.

Table 8 - Internet utilization by type

If we observe the UN Statistics from the millennium indicators, Ethiopia

stands among the lowest Internet users in the world.

Internet Connectivity

Type of Organization Total

Response

Yes No

% Connected

Zone/Woreda Admin

246 32 214 13.00%

Regional Bureau

20 16 4 80.00%

NGO

17 10 7 58.82%

Private

27 14 13 50.00% Others

6 4 2 66.67% Total

316 76 240 24.05%

Internet Utilization by Type of activities

Type of Internet Activity

Activity Count % Utilization e-mail/e-fax/chatting

69 42.59% Information search

(browsing)

51 31.48% Downloading software

34 20.99% Education/training

5 3.09% Internet telephony

1 0.62% Public services/functions

2 1.23%

Total Respondents

162


- 29 -

Internet users per 100 population (2002)

Finland 50.89% *

Egypt 0.93% *

Ethiopia 0.07% *

* Source: UN Statistics-Millennium Indicators

5.3.7 ICT Literacy

The overall Regional computer literacy rate is very low at 10.59%.

Particularly in Zone/Woreda Government Offices, the illiteracy rate

shows at 93.02 %. As indicated in Table 8, most Office Application

users literacy rate is measured at beginners level. This indicates that,

a lot to be done in the area of ICT training.

Basic Computer Skills

Type of Organization

Total Workforce

Total Literate % Literate

GOV

19976 1695 8.49% NGO

750 458 61.07% Private

1291 140 10.84% Others

316 73 23.10% Total

22333 2366 10.59%

Table 9 - Computer literacy (knowledge of Office Applications)


- 30 -

5.3.8 Problems related to Internet:

The overall Internet service provision satisfaction has been surveyed.

According to respondents, 29.17 % indicated that it is difficult to obtain

Internet account. Regarding connectivity 55.41 % indicated that

connection time is excessively too long. Overall, respondents

indicated that ETC Internet service provision as very poor.

Problem Areas Total Not a problem

Minor Problem

Moderate problem

Major Problem

% Internet Problem

Long dial up time to get connection 74 5 11 17 41 55.41% Poor performance in data transmission 67 8 8 16 35 52.24% Low capacity of server 56 4 10 14 28 50.00% Administrative process to get an account from ETC 72 15 11 25 21 29.17% Security concerns (relating to loss of data due to virus, uncontrolled access 69 12 24 19 14 20.29% High Internet service charges 66 15 18 19 14 21.21% Administrative problems inherent to your institution 65 32 9 12 12 18.46%

Table 10 – Internet Service Satisfaction

5.3.9 Availability of a Department for ICT

The survey suggests that the vast majority of Regional Administrative

Offices did not establish ICT as a department (Extremely low at

4.53%). This indicates that the benefits that could be drawn from the

use of ICT are not fully understood. Serious ICT awareness

campaigned should be conducted to influence future strategy

alignment.


- 31 -

Table 11 – ICT as departments is established

5.3.10 Number of ICT Properly Trained Professionals:

The Region has very few number of ICT properly trained

professionals. From the overall workforce, 0.17% is identified as ICT

professionals.

This extremely low numbers indicates that future ICT Human

Resource Development (HRD) is a priority issue that needs to be

addressed sooner rather than later.

Table 12 – Properly trained ICT Professionals

5.3.11 Vacancies available for ICT professionals


Number of Org.

Surveyed

Responded Yes

(Established)

% ICT Department

Established

GOV

265 12 4.53%

NGO

17 2 11.76%

Private

28 3 10.71%

Others (specify)

6 0.00%

Total

316 17 5.38%


Total Workforce Certificates Diploma

BSc. MSc.

Total ICT Pro

Total ICT Pro as a %

of Workforce

Zone/Woreda Admin

18670 13 1 14 0.07% Regional

Bureau

1306 1 3 2 6 0.46% NGO

750 1 1 2 0.27% Private

1291 7 8 15 1.16% Others

316 0 1 1 0.32% Total

22333 14 8 13 3 38 0.17%


- 32 -

The survey suggests that there are vacancies available to fill and

enhance ICT professional human resources contingent in the Region

and in particular around Regional Bureaus.

Table 13 – ICT Professionals vacancies availability

5.3.12 Allocation of Budget for Training General ICT Training

Even though 36.4% of respondents indicated that they have allocated

budget for general training, this can be characterized as a good start.

Table 13 - % of respondents, which allocated budget for IT training.

Table 14 – Allocation of budget for ICT training

5.3.13 Availability of Local Area Network (LAN):

From the total number of respondents, the number of LAN installations

identified are very low at 6.96%.


Total Response Available

Not

Available

% Vacancy Available

Zone/Woreda Admin

205 10 195 4.88% Regional Bureau

18 3 15 16.67% NGO

17 2 15 11.76% Private

28 2 26 7.14% Others (specify)

0 0 0 0.00% Total

268 17 251 6.34%


Total Respon

se Yes No

% Allocated Budget for

Training Zone/Woreda Admin 215 71 144 33.02% Regional Bureau 19 13 6 68.42% NGO 16 8 8 50.00% Private 27 8 19 29.63% Others (specify) 6 3 3 50.00% Total 283 103 36.40%


- 33 -

Table 15 – LAN Implementation

5.3.14 Availability of Web Sites:

From the total number of Government Organization and Private Sector

we visited, small number of respondents (3.23%) indicated that they

have web sites in the Internet.

Table 16 - Website availability

5.3.15 Computer Literacy:

Out of the 316 offices surveyed, the total workforce count was 22,333

out of which 2,366 (10.59%) had some form of computer basic training.


Total

Response

Yes

% Availability

of LAN Zone/Woreda Admin

245 7 2.86% Regional Bureau

20 2 10.00% NGO

17 4 23.53% Private

28 5 17.86% Others

6 4 66.67% Total

316 22 6.96%

Type of Organization Total

Respondents

Yes % Web Availability

Zone/Woreda Admin


20 5 25.00% NGO

17 1 5.88% Private

27 1 3.70% Others (specify)

6 0 0.00% Total

279 9 3.23%


- 34 -

This indicates that the majority of the workforce (89.41%%) is

computer illiterate.

Table 17 – Computer Literacy

5.3. 16 Availability of In-house Developed Software

The assessment made on utilization of computers for only word and

excel document processing predominantly suggests that either there

are no qualified ICT professionals engaged in software development

or simply there is a gap of understanding what a computer system can

do. The following table suggests that software development

endeavors are at a very early stage.

Table 18 - % Availability of in-house developed software

Type of

Organization

Total

Response

Number of Workforce (Surveyed)

Number of Literate

Workforce

% Literacy Rate of

total workforce

Zone/Woreda Admin

245 18,670 1,304 6.98% Regional Bureau

20 1,306 391 29.94% NGO

17 750 458 61.07% Private

28 1,291 140 10.84% Others

6 316 73 23.10% Total

316 22,333 2,366 10.59%

Type of Organization Responses

Yes

% Available

Zone/Woreda Admin


20 2 10.00% NGO

16 2 12.50% Private

28 5 17.86% Others (specify)

6 0 0.00%

Total

316 13 4.11%


- 35 -

As indicated below in the pie chart, computer failures are mostly

caused by electricity interruptions.

Electricity (interruption and/or over supply)

34%

No Maintenance Person30%

Virus11%

Malpractices by user25%

Figure 19 – Computer failure chart

Unavailability of maintenance personnel, malpractice by users and

virus also cause computer failures. This can only be alleviated by

training end users and specifically assigned computer maintenance

professionals.

5.3.17 How Severe is the effect of Computer Failure upon organizations

Operations?

From the total of 316 respondents, 68 (21.51 %) of them indicated that

Computer malfunction could affect their organization to operate

properly. This computer dependency should be considered a serious

concern.

Particularly the private sector could be seriously affected (nearly 40%)

if computers fail to function due to power failure or other factors.


- 36 -

Table 20 - % Failure to cause Organization to function

5.3.18 Policy on ICT

Very few (6.2%) of respondents indicated that they have some sort of

ICT Policy. These responses were mostly captured from Capacity

Building offices available in the Region.

As ICT awareness becomes more and more critical, Bureaus and

Woreda Administrations will start developing their own strategy of for

ICT implementation.

Table 21 - % availability of an ICT Policy


Total

Response

Serious

Manageable

No

Problem

No

Response

% Failure

will cause an org. to stop functioning

Zone/Woreda Admin

245 47 92 33 73 19.18% Regional

Bureau

20 4 8 5 3 20.00% NGO

17 4 8 2 3 23.53% Private

28 11 12 3 2 39.29% Others

6 2 2 1 1 33.33% Total

316 68 122 44 82 21.51%

Organization Type

Total Response

Yes No % Available ICT Policy

Zone/Woreda Admin

256 10 246 3.91% Regional Bureau

17 3 14 17.65% NGO

16 1 15 6.25% Private

27 3 24 11.11% Others (specify)

0 0 0 0.00% Total

316 17 299 5.38%


- 37 -

5.3.19 Major Problems in EXP/2003anding the Use of Internet and ICT

In order to obtain feedback regarding eXP/2003anding the use of ICT

in the Country, large number of respondents (77.73%) indicated that

absence of an ICT plan as a major problem. All in all, over 50% of the

respondents think that, ICT awareness, poor telecom infrastructure,

lack of necessary equipment and cost of computers are also indicated

as major factors.

ICT being an item of low priority, 33.07 % responded as a low priority.

This indicates that the majority (76.97%) of respondents thing that ICT

development must be given a high priority.

Table 22 – Major problems to eXP/2003and ICT

5.3.20 Major problem associated with the use of Internet

Over 50% of the respondents think that, long dial-up time, poor

performance in data transmission, and low capacity of server are

major problems indicated in association with the use of Internet.

Apart from low utilization of Internet in the region, even those

institutions with internet connection are not getting good services.

Out of 316 total Survey

Responses as per the description bellow:

Total Survey

Response Not a

problem Minor

Problem

Moderate Major

problem % Major Problem

Absence of ICT plan

229 10 21 20 178 77.73% ICT Awareness

43 2 8 5 28 65.12% Poor Telecommunication

Infrastructure

278 26 28 45 179 64.39% Lack of necessary

equipment

272 31 23 61 157 57.72% Cost of computer

266 33 27 67 139 52.26% Long Waiting time to get

internet line from ETC

151 25 31 36 5 9 39.07%

High Internet service charge

155 2 6 35 37 57 36.77% ICT being an item of low

priority

251 87 44 37 83 33.07%


- 38 -

Table 23 - Internet Service Problems

5.3.21 ICT Impact for the Region’s Development:

Nearly all respondents clearly understand the significant impact of ICT

for future planning, policy formulation and decision making.

Nearly 98.39% of the respondents agree that ICT will have significant

impact and contribution to the Region’s development.

Table 24 – ICT will contribute to Region’s Development

Problem Areas Total

Not a

problem

Minor

Problem

Moderate problem

Major Problem

%

Internet Problem

Long dial up time to get

connection

74 5 11 17 41 55.41%

Poor performance in data transmission

67 8 8 16 35 52.24%

Low capacity of server

56 4 10 14 28 50.00% Administrative process to

get an account from ET

72 15 11 25 21 29.17% Security concerns

(relating to loss of data due to virus, uncontrolled

access

69 12 24 19 14 20.29% High Internet service

charges

66 15 18 19 14 21.21% Administrative problems

inherent to your institution

65 32 9 12 12 18.46%


Total Resp.

Strongly Agree Agree

Total Agree % Agree

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Total Disagree

% Disagree

Zone/Woreda

246 212 32 244 99.18% - 2 2 0.82% Regional

Bureau

19 16 2 18 94.74% - 1 1 5.26%

NGO

17 15 1 16 94.12% - 1 1 5.88%

Private

28 21 6 27 96.43% - 1 1 3.57%

Others

6 6 6 100.00%

- 0 0.00%

Total

316 270 41 311 98.42% - 5 5 1.58%


- 39 -

5.3.22 ICT should be considered critical component for strategy development

Inline with the Governments socio-economic development policy, 97.47% of the

respondents agree that ICT should be considered a critical component for the

Region’s strategy. This indicates that there is a strong support for ICT

development and deployment will not be challenged. Good News !


Total Resp.

Strongly Agree Agree

Total Agree

% Agree

Strongly Disagree Dis.

Total Dis.

% Disagree

Zone/Woreda

246 177 58 235 97.51% 1 5 6 2.44% Regional

Bureau

19 13 6 0 0.00%

NGO

17 14 2 16 94.12% 1 1 5.88%

Private

28 17 10 27 96.43% 1 1 3.57%

Others

6 5 1 6 100% 0 0.00%

Total

316 226 77 303 97.43% 1 7 8 2.53%

Table 25 – ICT as a Critical Component

5.4 Survey Results on Schools

It is very surprising to notice that most schools are equipped with Computers.

Despite no response for computer utilization in school, survey result indicates

that in Private and Public learning institutions, computers utilization as high

as 80%.

5.4.1 Computer Utilization in School

Computer Utilization in Schools

Total Respons

e Yes

No

No Response % Yes

Computer used in schools

75 60 13 2 80.00% Teachers Received Computer Training

75 32 31 12 42.67% Computer replacement plan

75 24 37 14 32.00% Computerized Report Cards

75 20 41 14 26.67% Availability of ICT Policy

75 18 53 4 24.00%

Table 26 – Computer utilization in school


- 40 -

5.4.2 Computer Utilization for the Type of Application

The school survey (78.67%) suggests that computer utilization is

mainly for teaching and learning purposes.

Application Total

Response

Yes No

% Computer Utilized for Type

of Application Teaching and learning

75 59 16 78.67% Word-processing and

spreadsheet

75 53 22 70.67% Graphics

75 13 62 17.33% Information Handling

75 20 55 26.67% Others

75 5 70 6.67%

Table 27 – Computer application utilization by type

5.4.3 Assessment of School Computer Equipment

The majority of private and public schools respondents think that

schools are adequately or well equipped (45.34%). This number is

encouraging for future eXP/2003ansion of ICT in schools.

Assessment of Equipment

Response

% Assessment of Equipment

Under Equipped

25 33.33% Adequately equipped

20 26.67% Well equipped

14 18.67% No response

12 16.00% Don't know

4 5.33% Total

75

Table 28 – School computer equipment assessment


- 41 -

5.4.4 Degree of Computer assisted learning

As per the respondents, computers are not as much extensively used

for e-learning assistance. The degree of computer assisted learning

very little or none accounts for over 50%

Degree of Computer assisted learning Response

% Assisted Learning

Extensive

9 12.00% Moderate

28 37.33% Very little

23 30.67% Others

4 5.33% No response

11 14.67% Total

75

Table 29 – Degree of computer-assisted learning

5.4.5 Top three educational priorities regarding ICT in the next 3-5 years

According to the survey respondents, the highest priority for schools in

the coming 3 to 5 years is indicated to focus on increasing the number

of computers and improving access to the Internet.

Table 30 – Priorities as to what to do in the next 3 years.

Priority Ranks

Priority Factors Total 1st

2nd

3rd

% High Priority

Add and up-to-date computers and printers

52 32 9 11 61.54% Peripherals

24 2 14 8 8.33% Increase licensed software

12 1 5 6 8.33% Better access to the internet

43 22 15 6 51.16%

Professional development opportunity to staff

30 5 11 14 16.67% Additional laptops

7

3 4 0.00% Available technical support

19 3 6 10 15.79% Introduce wireless technology

7 0 2 5 0.00%


- 42 -

5.4.6 Internet Utilization

While the overall Internet percentage utilization encouragingly shows

at 46 %, this might create inequality within the school system.

Figure 31 – Internet Utilization

5.4.7 ICT As Big Contributor for Learning Practice

100% Respondents agree that ICT can contribute to the

learning practice profoundly.

Table 32 – ICT as contributor to improve learning practice

Do you agree that ICT can have a big

contribution to learning practice?

Strongly agree 63 84.00%

Agree 12 16.00%

Total Agree 75 100.00%

41.33% - IntenetConnected

58.67% - No Internet


- 43 -

5.4.7 ICT as a Critical Component for the Country’s Strategic Plan

100% Respondents agree that ICT to be a critical component of

the country's strategic plan.

Table 33 – ICT to be a critical component in the country’s strategic plan

ICT should be a critical component of the country's strategic plan? Strongly agree 58 77.33%

Agree 17 22.67%

Total Agree 75 100.00%


- 44 -

CHAPTER 6. ICT DEVELOPMENT IN THE AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE

6.1 ICT for Socio-economic Development and Good Governance

As we learned from the respondents, ICT is considered to be a critical

element to be considered in developing all kinds of strategy.

Particularly within the wider context of its socio-economic development

objectives and believes, taking advantage of ICT related technologies

will impact on accelerating the rate of economic growth and alleviate

poverty. Indeed, based on the respondents, ANRS in general sees

ICT as a key factor for achieving progress in economic and social

development.

The development of ICT comprising among other things, policies and

strategies to develop ICT infrastructure which also include its

applications aimed at assisting and harnessing its vast potential for the

social and economic development and good governance.

6.2 Recommendation for formulation of Vision statement

Since the future development of ICT is inevitable, the consultant would

like to share his vision for ICT development in the region.

By developing and securing Information and Communication

Technology resources, the main aim is to create enabling environment

to access information from anywhere, by anyone, at any time.

ANRS’s vision is to bring about profound and equitable changes

in achieving considerable socio-economic growth in order to

create information society through building knowledge based

economy.

To make this vision a reality, first and foremost, the commitment


- 45 -

eXP/2003ressed by the Ministry of Capacity Building to realize

Capacity Building Programmes particularly in the area of ICT

Infrastructure Development to connect The Federal Government,

Regional Government and Woreda Administrations must be realized.

6.3 Strategy and Policy Alignment

One of the areas of interest for successful deployment of ICT in the

Region is to secure the alignment of the Federal Government’s ICT

policy and its ICT Capacity Building programme with that of ANRS’s

overall IT development and deployment goals.

Likewise the Federal Democratic Republic Government of Ethiopia,

the Government of ANRS also recognises that in the newly emerging

economic order, the basis for national prosperity is information and

communications technologies (ICT), and that Ethiopia cannot afford to

be left behind in ICT development.

The Federal and Regional Governments are committed to reduce

poverty and promote good governance. Towards this end, the

Government will pursue developing policies and strategies that will

ensure greater application of ICT by building capacity aimed at

improving knowledge and skills at all levels. Among other things, the

following are critical elements of ICT development in the Region.

Creating ICT development enabling environments.

Creating ICT infrastructure.

Develop HR in the field of ICT.

Develop generic and sector specific software applications.

Replace paper-based processes with more efficient ICT

assisted processes.

Social Empowerment - Access to government services and

information, telemedicine and to education.


- 46 -

Provide affordable access to ICT resources for the public at

large.

Train users to use all of ICT resources.

Based on currently available best practices, standards and general

guidelines, the Information Technology Architecture should identify

major ICT area that could potentially assist the speedy development of

ICT in the Region. Major considerations for selecting architecture

should include:

Availability of trained manpower on specific technology locally.

A technology resource which is easy to learn and use.

Technology which can serve today and is ready for future

technology refresh.

Technology which is easy to integrate by local eXP/2003erts.

Technology which is open to allow other technologies to be mix

matched.


- 47 -

CHAPTER 7. ICT HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

As shown on the survey, Regional ICT literacy rate is as low as 10.59 %

while skilled ICT professionals shows as extremely low at 0.17%. The

indication suggests that ANRS in coordination with the Federal Government

has to take immediate and proactive measures increasing Human Resources

Development capacity.

As proven in many developed countries HR is the main factor for economic

prosperity. Currently investing in human capacity development, especially in

ICT must be taken as a very high priority.

The formulation of and implementation of the national ICTs HRD Strategy

and harness with ANRS needs becomes a prime importance.

In order to eXP/2003edite and improve ICTs HR capacity building process, the

strategy should touch basis on the following critical areas:

Capacity building: EXP/2003anding capacity in existing institutions

and building capacity in new institutions without compromising quality.

Private sector involvement: The private sector will have to be more

involved in ICT-HRD. The Federal as well as the Regional

Governments should come up with some sort of incentives in the form

of tax break or other encouragements to make learning more affordable

for ordinary citizens.

Train the Trainer: This approach will eXP/2003edite the teaching

process dramatically. Most of all teachers have to become adequately

ICT literate to integrate the new approaches into their teaching

methods.


- 48 -

Distance Learning: With the availability of high technology, it has been

possible to offer distance education via Intranet and Internet. Internet

application like tele-learning will bring education to the doorstep of

people in various fields.

7.1 ICT Training

ANRS ICT training needs should generally be aligned with The National ICT

HR Development Strategy.

7.1.1 Short and Madill Term ICT Training Strategy

The short term training strategic should be geared towards improving

the ICT HR deficiency. ICT training could be addressed through several

means.

(a) Current Government Employees – Increase training budget

substantially both for regular user training and professional

training.

(b) Train the Trainer - This approach can server both for user

training and professional training. It can only be achieved if it can

be well organized under the ownership of ICT Capacity Building

Bureau.

(c) Future Government Employees - Making basic application know

how a pre-requisite for employment.

7.1.2 Long Term ICT Training Strategy

The key resource for developing the information and knowledge

economy which is a far reaching objective of the nation is HR. HRD

capacity building and development goes beyond Regional Level.


- 49 -

An overall National initiative programme aimed at facilitating and

supporting HRD initiatives in the country must be developed. This will

create favourable conditions to build ICT

HRD capacity.

Particularly now more than ever, developing and facilitating the

implementation of a comprehensive HRD programme to support the

development of the Nation’s information society and economy

becomes paramount.

Therefore HRD in the field of ICT must go through profound change. It

must be introduced in the nation’s educational system. ICT training

must be imposed to be mandatory from the basic levels to secondary

level. Computer and information science studies must be emphasized

at all levels of the school system.

7.2 ICT Training Course Outlines

The following courses are selected based on availability and widely

used practices in the country.

7.2.1 Basic Application Training (all users)

(a) Introduction to Windows 2003 (Operating System)


- 50 -

Microsoft Windows 2003 is the most widely used

Operating System in the world today. Its Graphical User

Interface (GUI) allows users easy access to all the

resources on their PC. This course introduces students

to the fundamentals of using Windows with

moving/deleting/renaming files with Windows

EXP/2003lorer, customizing its look and more. This

course sets the basis for all other applications to be used

on Windows.

Course Outline

Advances in Windows 2003

Using the mouse wit Win 2003

Moving/Scrolling

Maximize/Minimize/Restore

Resizing windows

Start Menu and its options

Finding Files on your PC

Starting Applications

Proper way to shut down

Using EXP/2003lorer & My Computer

Moving/Renaming Files

Creating/Deleting Folders

Recycle Bin

Control Panel

Customizing Windows

Setting Time/Date

(b) Ms-Word 2003

Microsoft Word 2003 is probably the most popular word

processing application used in the industry today.


- 51 -

Its basic features like spell checking, built-in Thesaurus

and Grammar checking makes creating document a

breeze. Its comprehensive formatting techniques and the

ability to include pictures, graphs, charts in documents

makes Word a very powerful tool for both office and

home users.

Course Outline:

Creating and Using Styles

Creating Templates

Using Sections

Using Fields codes

Generating Table of Contents

Generating an Index

Customizing toolbars

Using Hyperlinks

Using Bookmarks

Creating Footnotes

Password protecting files

Creating Macros

Document Map

(c) Ms-Excel 2003

Microsoft Excel XP/2003 is the spreadsheet program

most offices today cannot live without. It is used to

organize and manipulate numerical data, draw business

graphs and charts. Excel also allows us to easily copy

these graphs and charts into documents created with

Word. Perhaps the most widely used feature of Excel is

its ability to automate repetitive calculations.


- 52 -

Course Outline:

Creating and Using Templates

Creating and Using Styles

Importing Data

Using MS Query

"What If" Utilities

Goal Seek

Scenario Manager

Macros & Custom Control

Pivot Table

Customizing Excel

Protecting documents/cells

Sharing Workbooks

Data Maps

(d) MS-Outlook 2003

Microsoft Outlook XP/2003 is personal messaging and

callobration software. It can be used to schedule

activities, meetings, create reminders, to-do lists, store

personal address books, and can also

be used send and receive e-mail. If used in a network

environment, Outlook becomes a powerful callobration

tool to schedule meetings with others, share address

books and tasks

Course Outline

What is Outlook

Outlook 2000 Screen

What are Contacts

Creating/Editing/Deleting Contacts


- 53 -

Sending/Receiving E-mail

Using Inbox/Outbox

Sorting Messages

Formatting your messages

Using Calendar Folder

Organizing Meetings

Scheduling Appointments/Events

Recurring Events

Using the Tasks screen

Creating Tasks

Assigning Tasks

Journal Folder

Notes Folder

7.2.2 ICT Infrastructure Professional Training

Microsoft has not yet release 2003 training. Moreover, there are 90%

similarity between Windows 2000 and 2003 technologies. Therefore,

we have outlined the Windows 2000 training vs 2003.

(a) Microsoft Windows 2000 Network Operating System

Essentials

This course is intended for a broad range of computer

professionals who are new to networking computing

environments and whose goal is to administer or support

Windows 2000 networks. This is an introductory course

designed to provide and overview of networking concepts, and

how they are implemented in Windows 2000. The course

provides participants with the prerequisite knowledge and skills

required for Supporting Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional

and Server.


- 54 -

Course Outline

a. Introduction to Networking

b. Administration of a Windows 2000 Network

c. Securing Windows 2000 Network

d. Examining the Network

e. Examining the Network Protocols

f. Examining TCP/IP

g. Examining IP Addressing

h. Optimizing IP Address Allocation

(b) Implementing Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional and Server

This course provides participants with the knowledge and skills

necessary to install and configure Microsoft Windows 2000

Professional on stand-alone computers and on client computers

that are part of a workgroup or a domain.

In addition this course provides the sills and knowledge

necessary to install and configure Microsoft Windows 2000

Server to create file, print and Terminal servers. This course

combines hands-on procedures and review questions to teach

the participants to install and configure Window 2000

Professional and Server.

Introduction to Microsoft Windows 2000

Installing and Configuring MS Windows 2000 Server

Unattended Installations of MS Windows 2000 Server

MS Windows 2000 File Systems

Advanced File Systems

Active Directory Services

Administering MS Windows 2000 Server

Administering Print Services

Network Protocol and Services


- 55 -

Routing and Remote Access Services

MS Windows 2000 Security

Reliability and Availability

Monitoring and Optimization

MS Windows 2000 Application Servers

(d) Implementing and Administering Microsoft Windows 2000

Directory Services

This course is designed to provide students with the knowledge

and skills necessary to install, configure, and administer

Microsoft Windows 2000 Active Director Services. The course

also focuses on implementing Group Policy and performing the

Group Policy–related tasks that are required to centrally

manage users and computers.

At the end of the course, participants will be able to:

Identify the concepts of the Active Directory service and

its logical and physical structures.

Implement a Domain Name System (DNS) infrastructure

in preparation for installing Active Directory.

Install Active Directory on a computer running

Windows 2000 Server, and perform post-installation

tasks.

Set up and administer domain user accounts and

groups.

Publish resources, including printers and shared folders,

in Active Directory.

Delegate administrative control of Active Directory

objects in Windows 2000.

Implement Group Policy.

Manage user environments by using Group Policy.

Use Group Policy to deploy software.


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Create and manage trees and forests in a

Windows 2000 network, and administer forest-wide

resources.

Manage Active Directory replication within a site and

between sites.

Manage operations masters.

Manage and restore the Active Directory database.

Implement an Active Directory infrastructure that is

based on the business requirements of a fictitious

organization.

(d) Implementing a Microsoft Windows 2000 Network

Infrastructure

This course is designed to provide students with the knowledge

and skills necessary to install, configure, and administer

Microsoft Windows 2000 Active Directory services. The course

also focuses on implementing Group Policy and performing the

Group Policy–related tasks that are required to centrally

manage users and computers.

At the end of the course, participants will be able to:

Identify the concepts of the Active Directory service and

its logical and physical structures.

Implement a Domain Name System (DNS) infrastructure

in preparation for installing Active Directory.

Install Active Directory on a computer running

Windows 2000 Server, and perform post-installation

tasks.

Set up and administer domain user accounts and

groups.

Publish resources, including printers and shared folders,

in Active Directory.


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Delegate administrative control of Active Directory

objects in Windows 2000.

Implement Group Policy.

Manage user environments by using Group Policy.

Use Group Policy to deploy software.

Create and manage trees and forests in a

Windows 2000 network, and administer forest-wide

resources.

Manage Active Directory replication within a site and

between sites.

Manage operations masters.

Manage and restore the Active Directory database.

Implement an Active Directory infrastructure that is

based on the business requirements of a fictitious

organization.

(e) Querying MS SQL Server 2000 with Transact-SQL

The goal of this course is to provide students with the technical

skills required to write basic Transact-SQL queries for Microsoft

SQL Server 2000/2003.

Audience:

This course is intended for SQL Server database

administrators, implementers, system engineers, and

developers who are responsible for writing queries.

After completing the course, students will be able to:

Describe the uses of and ways to execute the Transact-

SQL language.

Use querying tools.

Write SELECT queries to retrieve data.


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Group and summarize data by using Transact-SQL.

Join data from multiple tables.

Write queries that retrieve and modify data by using sub

queries.

Modify data in tables.

Query text fields with full-text search.

Describe how to create programming objects.

(f) Administering a MS SQL Server 2000 Database

This course provides students with the knowledge and skills

required to install, configure, administer, and troubleshoot the

client-server database management system of Microsoft SQL

Server 2000. Course 2072 is a revision of Course 832, System

Administration for Microsoft SQL Server 7.0. The course

content is being revised to reflect changes in the product.

At the end of the course, students will be able to:

Describe SQL Server architecture.

Plan for a SQL Server installation, and then install an

instance of SQL Server.

Manage files and databases, including determining

resource requirements.

Choose a login security method, configure login security,

plan and implement database permissions, and describe

how to secure SQL Server in an enterprise network.

Perform and automate administrative tasks and create

custom administrative tools.

Back up databases and implement a backup strategy.

Restore databases.

Monitor and optimize SQL Server performance.

Transfer and migrate data into databases.


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Maintain the high availability of SQL Server.

Describe how to replicate data from one SQL Server to

another.

(g) Cisco Routing and Switching Technology Training

This hands-on introductory course on the installation and

configuration of Cisco routers and LAN switches should be

taken by anyone relatively new to Cisco equipment.

The Interconnecting Cisco Network presents the concepts,

commands, and practice required to configure Cisco switches

and routers in multi-protocol internetworks. Through lectures,

discussions, demonstrations, exercises, and laboratory projects

(simulations), participants are given information sufficient to

identify and recommend the best Cisco solutions for small to

medium-sized businesses. Participants will perform all basic

configuration procedures to build a multi-router, multi-group

internetwork that uses LAN and WAN interfaces with the most

commonly used routing and routed protocols. Generally, the

course provides the installation, configuration, and

troubleshooting information that technical support people

require to install and configure Cisco products.

Course Outline:

1. Internetworking Basics

2. Switching Technologies

3. Internet Protocol

4. Configuration and IOS Management

5. IP Routing

6. Managing a Cisco Internet work


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7. Configuring Novell IPX

8. Wide Area Networking Protocols


- 61 -

CHAPTER 8. COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVELOPMENT - HIGH LEVEL REQUIREMENTS

As indicated in the TOR particularly in the eXP/2003ected outcomes section

to suggest “Recommended type of communication infrastructure

appropriate (depends on location, available national telecommunication

resources)”, and of course as part of achieving the main objective of

connecting the Federal Government with the Regions and Woreda to

establish a video conferencing system, setup an integrated distributed

Information System and implement Governmental Decision Support System

(Government to Government Extranet) project is currently under

implementation. As per the Ministry of Capacity Building – ICT Capacity

Building Programme, requirements are defined in line with the current

ongoing project.

8.1 The Datacenter

It would be appropriate if Bureau of Capacity Building could take

charge of the Datacenter management. The overall establishment will

require proactive planning in the area of developing capable HR

capacity in the field. Training regarding network infrastructure

administration and management, CISCO routing and other relevant

ICT related courses should be considered a priority

8.1.1 Datacenter LAN/WAN

A structured cabling system must be implemented to allow the

provision of a universal platform upon which an overall information

system’s strategy is built. With a flexible cabling infrastructure, a

structured cabling system can support multiple voice, data, video

and multimedia systems regardless of their manufacturer.

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8.1.2 High Level Datacenter LAN/WAN Design

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8.1.3 High Level Datacenter LAN/WAN Design – ICT Capacity Building Perspective

- 64 -

8.1.4 Datacenter LAN Component Requirements

Mandatory (N.B. This configuration does not include Capacity

Building Datacenter)

Mounting rack, wall mountable, glass front door.

RJ45 Patch Panels.

RJ45 Modular Jack with face plate

Cat 5e or 6 Cable.

Patch cords (short – Patch Panel to Switch)

Patch cords (long – Cat 5e outlet to computer)

Cat 5e or 6 Outlets and Backboxes

Patch leads

Fly Leads

PVC Trunking and Edge Covers

Cable Ties and a method of labelling the system.

Core Switch – Cisco 4506

Horizontal Switches – Cisco 3550

Router - Cisco 1721 Gateway to Internet

Optional Components

IP telephony-Cisco Media Convergence Server 7835-1266

IP Phones – Cisco IP Phones 7960C or 7940G or 7905G

IP Conference – Cisco IP Conference Station 7935

8.1.5 Data Center Server Requirements

Depending on specific requirements server rolls could be

combined.

Domain Controller

Child Domain Controller (Backup)


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Mail Server

Internet Security and Acceleration Server

Internet Information Server

Database Server

Intranet Server (SharePoint Portal Server)

8.1.6 Datacenter Server Software Requirements

Domain Controller - Windows 2003 – Enterprise Edition

Child Domain Controller (Backup) - Windows 2003 –

Enterprise Edition

Mail Server –

o Windows 2003 – Standard Edition

o Exchange Server 2003 – Enterprise Edition



o ISA 2003 – Standard Edition

Internet Information Server


o IIS 2003 – Standard Edition

Database Server


o SQL Server 2003

Intranet Server


o SharePoint 2002 – Standard Edition

8.1.7 Datacenter Client Software Requirement

Microsoft Windows XP/2003

Microsoft Office XP/2003


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8.2 Woreda Network – Woreda Administration

Apart from the utilization of modern office productivity tools, one of the

major obstacles in Woreda Administration is luck of basic

infrastructure such as communication capabilities.

The Ministry of Capacity Building – ICT Capacity Programme has

identified the need to improve Government Administration and service

delivery mechanisms through the use of ICT.

Currently, a massive network infrastructure project is underway to

create enabling environment for the establishment of a Virtual Private

Government Network which is also called WoredaNet.

If inadequacy of basic infrastructure services such as electricity and

communication capabilities do not hinder the project, the National

agenda of building national ICT infrastructure to facilitate efficient

communication and effectively utilize common ICT resources will be a

reality.

8.2.1 Woreda LAN

Even if the Woreda Administration offices are considered small, a

structured cabling system must be implemented to allow the

provision of a universal platform upon which an overall information

system’s strategy is built. With a flexible cabling infrastructure, a

structured cabling system can support multiple voice, data, video

and multimedia systems regardless of their manufacturer. This

approach allows communication with virtually any device,

anywhere, at any time (part of the vision). For detail

understanding please refer to the ITSP Technical Document.

- 67 -

8.2.2 High Level Woreda Administration LAN/WAN Design

- 68 -

8.2.3 Woreda Administration LAN/WAN – Capacity Building Perspective

- 69 -

8.2.4 LAN Component Requirements for Woreda Offices

N.B. The following configuration does not include Capacity

Building’s LAN/WAN Infrastructure


RJ45 Patch Panels.


Cat 5e or 6 Cable.




Patch leads

Fly Leads




8.2.5 Servers Requirements

Depending on specific requirements server rolls could be

combined.

Domain Controller

Mail Server


Database Server (Internal Applications)

8.2.6 Server Software Requirements




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Database Server


o SQL Server 2003

Intranet Server



8.2.7 Client Software Requirement



8.3 Regional Bureau – Sector (Education, Health & Agriculture)

The Ministry of Capacity Building has identified the need to

improve and enhance sector development programmes to include

sector Bureaus such as Education, Health and Agriculture.

8.3.1 LAN Requirement

Depending on the number of users Bureaus can deploy small

or medium type LAN. In either way a structured cabling system

must be implemented to allow the provision of a universal

platform upon which an overall information system’s strategy is

built. With a flexible cabling infrastructure, a structured cabling

system can support multiple voice, data, video and

multimedia systems regardless of their manufacturer. This

approach allows communication with virtually any device,

anywhere, at any time (part of the vision). For detail

understanding, please refer to the ITSP Technical Document.

- 71 -

8.3.2 LAN/WAN for Regional Bureaus (Sectors)


- 72 -

8.3.3 LAN/WAN for Regional Bureaus with IP Telephony Solution (Sectors)

- 73 -

8.3.4 Regional Bureaus LAN Component Requirements

Mandatory


RJ45 Patch Panels.


Cat 5e or 6 Cable.




Patch leads

Fly Leads




Router - Cisco 1721 Gateway to Internet

Optional (IP Telephony solution)

IP telephony-Cisco Media Convergence Server 7835-1266

IP Phones – Cisco IP Phones 7960C or 7940G or 7905G

IP Conference – Cisco IP Conference Station 7935


Depending on specific requirements server roles could be

combined to function in a single server.

Domain Controller

Child Domain Controller (Backup)

Mail Server



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Database Server

Intranet Server (SharePoint Portal Server)






Database Server


o SQL Server 2003

Intranet Server






8.4 Regional Bureau – Small (Investment, Tourism, Industry & Trade &

etc...)

8.4.1 LAN Requirement

Small bureaus will require small LAN configuration. Even in this

case, structured cabling system must be implemented to allow

the provision of a universal platform upon which an overall

information system’s strategy is built. With a flexible cabling

infrastructure, a structured cabling system can support multiple

voice, data, video and multimedia systems regardless of


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their manufacturer. This approach allows communication with

virtually any device, anywhere, at any time (part of the

vision). For detail understanding please refer to the ITSP

Technical Document.

- 76 -

8.4.2 Regional Bureaus – Others (Tourism, Investment, Trade & Industry LAN/WAN

- 77 -

8.4.3 LAN Component Requirements for small LAN

Mandatory


RJ45 Patch Panels.


Cat 5e or 6 Cable.




Patch leads

Fly Leads




Dial-up Modem to access the Internet


Depending on specific requirements server roles could be

combined to function in a single server.

Domain Controller

Database Server



Database Server


o SQL Server 2003


- 78 -





- 79 -

CHAPTER 9. OVERALL PROBLEM STATEMENT

As we learned from the survey results, there are serious problems that

will require the intervention of not only the Regional Government ICT

capacity building, but also the Federal Government.

Problem areas range from basic infrastructure (Electricity, Postal and

Telecommunication Services), inadequate ICT infrastructure and ICT

trained HR. Due to the above-mentioned facts, the flow of information is

extremely slow which has significant impact on the progress of

development in general.

The following general constraints are captured from survey results.

Half of the overall population leave without electricity services, let

alone future ICT development without electricity.

Unavailability of Regional level network infrastructure to connect

Regional Government with Woreda Administration as a major hurdle

for communication.

Very small number of ICT trained professionals indicates that

developing HR in the area of ICT as a major priority.

Unavailability of Local Area Network infrastructure particularly in

most Regional Bureaus and Woreda Administrations to share

common IT resources, misappropriation of capital eXP/2003enditure

which otherwise could have been used to further eXP/2003and ICT

infrastructure.

Inefficient utilization of Internet and E-mail services.

Unorganized manual Document Management System.

Excessive paper work as a result of utilizing typewriters and

photocopiers.

Traditional slow mail delivery system verses utilizing the Internet for

fast delivery of mails.


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Lack of developed software for data collection, consolidation and

dissemination of information.

Delays in reporting due to traditional means of communication.


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CHAPTER 10. FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

10.1 Major Findings

Survey results that should be considered serious are laid out bellow:

Government, NGO and Private Sector establishments:

46.02% of the Woredas are without electricity.

There are more photocopiers than computers.

97.6% of computers are being utilized only for word-processing

activities

24.05 % of the offices surveyed are connected to the internet via

dial-up

Internet is being used for e-mail, research and downloading

purposes. 42.59% for e-mail, 31.48% for research, 20.99% for

downloading software.

Over 50% of the respondents are not happy with current Internet

services. 55.41% of respondents say long dial-up time and 52.24%

say Internet is too slow.

Computer illiteracy rate is 89.41% of the total workforce surveyed.

The majority of Organizational Establishment do not ICT set as a

department. Only 5.38% responded the have ICT department.

From the overall workforce surveyed, properly ICT trained workforce

accounts only for 0.17% of the total workforce surveyed.

6.34% of the respondents say they have available vacancies.

36.40% have allocated budget for ICT related training.

LAN implementation is low at 6.9% of the total Organizational

establishments. The number of printers connected to computer is

1:1.78. Extremely high connectivity rate.

Availability of web site is 3.23% of all surveyed Organizational

Establishments, despite the Region being a Tourist Paradise.


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From a total of 316 survey respondents 10.59% of the total work

force is some has basic ICT training.

In-house developed software accounts only for 5.06% all surveyed

Organizational Establishments.

Regarding failure of a computer can cause an Organization to

function properly, overall 21.51% said yes.

Availability of Policy is only 6.20% of the Organizational

Establishment surveyed.

33.07 % of the respondents say ICT development is not a priority.

Nearly everybody (over 94%) thinks ICT is a critical element for

development and it should be considered a critical factor in all

strategy plans.

Schools:

Majority of schools surveyed utilize computers (80%)

42.67% of the respondents say the have received computer training.

32.00 % have computer replacement plan.

Mostly computers are utilized for teaching and learning purposes.

The majority of private and public schools respondents think that

schools are adequately or well equipped (45.34%).

All agree ICT can contribute to learning practices.

100% of respondents believe ICT is a critical component for the

country’s strategic planning.


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10.2 Recommendations for ANRS

a) Recommendation on Basic Infrastructures (Electricity and

Telephone Access)

Recognize that electrification is a critical prerequisite for ICT

development.

EEPCO and ETC must play leading role by clearing the way for

ICT development.

b) Recommendation towards Access to the Internet

Internet connectivity should be considered a priority. The

Regional Government must enforce the use of Internet at least

for mail exchange through some sort of policy. Offices should

start using e-mail and search facilities of the Internet. This will

assist the bigger ICT development programme.

Since the Region is Tourists Heaven, professional looking

websites should be developed to promote and attract Tourism.

c) Recommendation on Human Resource Development

Develop ICT Human Resources development policy to abolish

computer illiteracy.

EXP/2003edite ICT Human Resources development through

some means train the trainer approach.

Encourage and motivate the public sector so that they too can

play significant role in ICT Human Resource development.

Create ICT awareness and promote its benefits in order to

increase employee productivity and Government efficiency.

d) Recommendation on ICT Usage and Structure


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ICT Capacity Building Bureau should take charge to Develop ICT

policy to guide ICT development and deployment to assist the

abolishment of computer illiteracy and aggressively push ICT

throughout the region.

Develop ICT Capacity Building action plan to speed up the process.

Poor ICT communication infrastructure calls ANRS to strengthen its

links with the Federal Government with respect to ICT infrastructure

development and deployment.

Depending on the size of Bureau, appropriate action should be

taken to create separate department to facilitate ICT related

activities.

Office Automation should be seen beyond word and spreadsheet

processing. Computers should also be used to do other and better

things such as automating Human Resources, Payroll, Research

Database, Document Management and much more.

Local Area Network infrastructure must be developed to allow the

sharing of common resources prior to computer and printer

acquisition. Under utilization of printers and other sharable devices

can not be justified the proper utilization of equipment rather this

issue should be addressed as an example of misappropriation of

capital eXP/2003enditure.

10.3 Long Term Strategic Direction

The long-term vision for information technology advancement in the

ANRS should focus on the primary need for ICT development and

deployment, which also calls for basic infrastructure development in the

area of eXP/2003anding electricity and telephone services to

aggressively push towards improving the current situation to cover the

remaining 46.02%.

Among other things, ICT development and deployment activities should

not be considered a one-time shot.


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Rather, it should be considered a continuous process and primarily it

should focus on delivering the following priority based activities.

Table 34. ICT Development and Deployment Activity Phases

10.4 Conclusion

According to the survey results, computer illiteracy rate, poor computer

utilization, inadequate Internet infrastructure and services are found to

be in the higher degree of alarming proportion.

The most interesting findings we encountered were regarding ICT

contribution towards bringing about significant changes to the Country’s

as well as the Region’s development. 98.39% of the respondents

agree that ICT to speed-up socio-economic developments and to be

considered, as a critical component to the Country’s strategic plan.

Steps Activity

I. Develop basic infrastructure – Electricity, Telephone, Roads..

II. Conduct System Study; Identify Requirements and Design

Network Infrastructure.

III. Build Broadband Network Infrastructure and provide Internet and

various services.

IV. Develop ICT Policy and Standards (ICT Architecture)

V. Develop Human Resources to support ICT (Professional and

User trainings).

VI. Develop or deploy required Information Systems.

VII. Provide adequate public accesses to ICT resources (Information,

Network, etc.)

VIII. Evaluate and Monitor all ICT activities periodically.


- 86 -

Since the Federal Government of Ethiopia as well as the ANRS made

poverty reduction, sustainable development and good governance not

only as part of their vision, goals and objectives but also their number

one priority. ICT development can immensely assist the conversion of

this vision into a reality.

Finally, the Region must realize that mere introduction of ICT will not

bring significant changes in socio-economic development endeavors.


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APPENDIX I. ICT USAGE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

PART I: Background

1. Name of organization…………...........................................................................

2. Year of Establishment......................................................................................

3. Number of Employees ........

4. Type of Organization? GO NGO Private Other: ..............................

5. Location: Region?..............Zone?.................Woreda?................Town?.............

6. Contact Info: Tel..................... Fax....................... P.O.Box .............................

7. Which of the following sectors are related to your organization?

8. What Major Local languages are used in Your Office for Correspondence,

9. Documentation and communication? ..............................................................

10. Tota l n u m ber of depa r tm en ts (a dm in is tra t ive p lu s m a in s t rea m ) _________

(number)

Introduction:

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Department of the Ministry of Capacity Building is establishing a baseline database of ICT Usage in the Amhara National Regional State (ANRS). On behalf of the ICT Capacity Building Programme Office, the Consultant Eng. Fikre Y. Wondimu would like to thank all of those who take their valuable time to fill this questionnaire.

Agriculture

Road, Transport & Construction

Water

ICT

Health

Justice & Police

Education

Trade & Industry

Capacity Building

Telecom

Energy & Mines

Labour & Social Affairs

Disaster Prevention

Urban Development

Youth, Sport & culture

Banking & insurance

Research & Academia

Civil Service

Private Sector

Hotel & Tourism

Other (Specify): ___________________________________________


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11. Do you have electricity utility service for your ICT equipment? Yes No

12. Do you have telephone facilities in your organization? Yes No

13. Do you have water service? Yes No

PART II: Availability of ICT Infrastructure

13. Which of the following ICT equipment (or services) does your organization have?

14. If you have computers (Server, Desktop, Laptops and Printers) with in the

organization, give the total number of computers in the institution by type of

processors. (If Table is not Sufficient Use Additional Sheet and Attach)

S.No

ICT Equipment Yes (1)

No (2)

Quantity (If answer is yes)

1. Telephones (wired)

2. Telephone (wireless/mobile)

3. Fax machine

4. Typewriter

5. Desktop Computers

6. Laptops

7. Printer

8. Plotter

9. Digitizer

10. Server Computer

11. Network

12. Internet/e-mail

13. Internet/World Wide Web

14. VSAT satellite terminal

15.

16.

17.

Oth

ers

Specify

18.


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No. Equipment Type Qty CPU Speed

Memory Modem LAN Card

Mfg. Year

PPM1 for Printers

15. How much Defective Computers does your Organization Have?...................

16. How much Defective Printers does your Organization Have? .......................

17. If your organization has Internet connection, what is the type of Internet connection? (Tick

one)

Dial-up Dedicated/Leased line Wireless/Satellite Other (specify)

__________

18. If you say that the organization has Network for question no 13, give us more information

about it?

18.1) Number of Connected Computers? .....................................................................

18.2) Cable Type?

UTP/ STP

Coaxial

Fiber Wireless

Other (specify)

_______

18.3) Network Configuration/Type? Client/Server Peer -to-Peer

18.4) Network extension Devices?

Hubs (qty __)

Switches (qty __)

Routers (qty __)

18.5) Network Protocols? TCP/IP NETBEUI IPX/SPX Other (specify)

_________

1 PPM = Page Per Minute


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18.6) Network Architecture?

Ethernet

ARCNet

Token Ring

Other

(specify) _____

18.7) Security Features?

Firewall

Antivirus

Other (specify)

_____________________

18.8) Network Operating System?

Windows

NT

Novell

Linux

Unix

18.9) Network Enabled Software? ...................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

18.10) If you have a Database Management System, please indicate its type.

SQL Server Oracle Sybase Informix DB2 Other (specify) ______

18.11) Network is used to share?

Folders

Documents

Database

Printer

Scanner

Plotter

Printer

Scanner

Digitizer

CDROM

Other (specify) _________

19. List of Available applications software in your organization?

No.

Software Name How Many Users

Licensed (1=yes 0=No)

20. Does your organization have website? Yes No

21. How many of your employees are computer literate? _________

22. Does your institution have ICT professionals? Yes No

23. If your response is YES to 22, p lease give the number of ICT professionals by type of

specialization:


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(M: male F: female) Number of professionals per qualification

Certificate College DiplomaB.Sc Degree M.Sc or above

Areas of specialization

M F M F M F M F

1. Software Engineer/Programmer

2. Network Specialist

3. Database Administrator

4. Programmer

5. Webmaster/web-site developer

6. Business System Analyst

7. Computer technician

8. Others

PART III: ICT ACCESS and Utilization

24. Distribution of computers by departments?

Administration (How many?) ______ Main stream departments (How many?) _______

25. What are the major usage areas of computers in your organization?

Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Accounting Personnel

Library/Archives Engineering Internet/Email Other (please specify) ____________

26. Does your institution use in-house developed software? Yes No

27 . If yes to 26 , p lea s e s pecify th e types of Softwa re: ................................

...................................................................................................................

28 . Wh en you com pa re you r in -h ou s e developed s oftwa re to th a t of off-th e s h elf

packages, which of the following are true?

Limited Functionality Generates Inaccurate data Poor Documentation No Support

Slow performance Poor Integration with Other Software Difficult to use

29 . If you h a ve eXP/2003er ien ced p rob lem s rela ted to in h ou s e developed

systems, what do you think about the causes for that?

End users were not involved in developing the programs

Little attention was given to business requirements

IneXP/2003erienced Developers

Failure to exercise effective project management on the organizations side

Long development time

Little Value Added to the organization

Cost Overrun

Other (please specify): ________________________________________________

30. If you have ever acquired and used off the shelf packages from international/local vendor,

which of the following is true from your eXP/2003erience?


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Support Problem

Very eXP/2003ensive

Has more feature than actually required

Inflexible

Easy to learn / work with Excellent Documentation No Error

Little value added to the organization Other (please specify _____________

31. If your organization has internet connection, Please Indicate d istribution of Internet

connectivity by departments and Costs?

a) Administration ___________ (number of Internet Subscription)

b) Main stream departments___________ (number of Internet Subscription)

c) How much do you pay on average for your Internet service per month? ______

(Birr)

32. For what purposes do you use Internet? (Answer all)

e-mail/e-fax

Internet telephony

Research

Information search (browsing) Education/Training

Downloading/Uploading

Electronic bulletin board

Continuing/distance education Tele/video/audio

conferencing Access to remote database

Electronic documents interchange (EDI)

Public

services/functions

Procurement of office supplies

Others (Please Specify)

____________________________________________

33. Availability of government information and applications on the Internet:

33 .1 If you r orga n iza t ion h a s a web s ite, in d ica te th e rea s on s for

setting up a web-site?

Getting confidence in the technology Strengthen contact with public institutions

Foru m for provid in g in form a tion a bou t th e in s t itu t ion

Redu ces a dm in is t ra t ive form alities

Keepin g u p-to-da te with n ew tech n ology

Crea t in g bet ter a cces s to oversea s in s t itu t ion s

To reduce cost to provide information on a 24 hour basis Other _______________

33 .2 Is govern m en t in form a t ion a va ila b le on th e In tern et in m a jor

local languages? Yes No

33 .3 To wh a t exten t a re you s a t is fied with th e qu a lity of th e In tern et

service in Ethiopia?

Not satisfied Somehow satisfied Satisfied Quite satisfied Very satisfied


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33 .4 Wh a t do you th in k a re th e m a jor p rob lem s a s s ocia ted with th e u s e of

Internet in your institution?

Major problems Not a problem (1)

Minor problem (2)

Moderate problem (3)

Major problem (4)

Serious problem (5)

1. Administrative problems relating to ETC in getting easy access to Internet 2. Long dial up time 3. Security concerns (relating to loss of data

due to virus, uncontrolled access, etc) 4. Poor quality of connection 5. Low capacity of the server/poor state of

technology 6. High Internet service charges 7. Administrative problems inherent to your

institution 8.

9.

Oth

ers

(spe

cify

)

10.

34. If your institution does not have Internet connectivity, have you ever applied for the

service? Yes No

35. In general, what do you think are the major problems in eXP/2003anding the use

of ICT in Ethiopia?

Major problems in ICT eXP/2003ansion Not a

problem (1)

Minor problem

(2)

Moderate problem

(3)

Major problem

(4)

Serious problem

(5) 1. Poor telecommunications infrastructure 2. Long waiting time to get an Internet line

from ETC 3. Lack of the necessary equipment 4. Cost of computers 5. High Internet service charges 6. Shortage of trained manpower 7. Absence of ICT plan 8. Being an item of low priority 9. 10.

Oth

ers

11.

36. Do you often face problems related to use of computers? Yes No

37. If your answer is yes to 31, what are some of the important causes?

Electric Interruption No maintenance personnel and /or no maintenance agreement

Absence of security measures for Virus/unauthorized access, etc. Malpractices by the users


- 94 -

38. How severe is the effect of computer failure upon the organizations

operation? Very serious problem Not a problem at all

Manageable problem

39. If you have a network, Please rate the occurrence of the following problem

situations in connection to the network utilization?

Major Network Related Problems Not a

problem (1)

Minor problem

(2)

Moderate problem

(3)

Major problem

(4)

Serious problem

(5) 1. Poor telecommunications

infrastructure /wide area network/ 2. No network administrator

3. Virus

4. Inefficient network administration even when there is a network administrator

5. Poor Cabling

6.

7.

Oth

ers

8.

PART IV: Organization and Management Related Issues

40 . Does you r orga n iza t ion h a ve a s epa ra te depa r tm en t res pon s ib le for ICT?

Yes No

41. Does your institution have unfilled vacancies for ICT professionals?

Yes No

42. If yes to 36, answer the following

a. What is the total number of unfilled vacancies? ___________ (Number)

b. Indicate which specializations areas are rare in the market?

Software Engineer/Programmer/

Network Administrator

Database Administrator

Trainer

Webmaster/web-site developer

Business System Analyst

Computer technician

Others ___________________________

43. How do you rate the turnover of ICT professionals in your institution?

High

Moderate Low


- 95 -

44. If your answer to 38 was high, indicate which reasons :

Uncompetitive salary Inadequate working environment

Lack of continuous training opportunities Restricted career structure

Other (Please Specify): _________________________________

45. Does your institution allocate budget for training its staff on ICT?

Yes No

46. If your response is YES to 40, please answer the following:

a. On average, how long does the training takes?

1-3 months

4-6 months

6-12 months

More than a year

b. On what topics/areas is the training provided?

Microsoft Office

Operating systems

Project management

Programming

Web development

Network Infrastructure Engineering

Systems analysis

Graphic design

Multimedia

Specialist training on: ______________________________

47. Does your institution have an ICT Policy? Yes No

48. If your answer to 42 is yes, indicate the areas Addressed by your policy?

Related to use of ICT resources

Provision of Information Services

Acquisition

System Development

Security

Management of ICT Resources

49. Do you agree that ICT can have a big contribution to the development of the country?

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

50. Do you agree that ICT should be a critical component of the country’s strategic plan?

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree


- 96 -

APPENDIX II SCHOOL QUESTIONNAIRE

Introduction:

Under The Ministry of Capacity Building, ICT Capacity Building Programme is in the process of establishing National baseline database on ICT utilization to assist and develop ICT deployment strategy. In this regard, Eng. Fikre Y. Wondimu has been assigned to survey ICT utilization and establish baseline data to develop ICT deployment strategy for Amhara National Regional State. On behalf of ICT Capacity Building Programme Office, the Eng. Fikre Y. Wondimu would like to thank all of those who take their valuable time to fill this questionnaire.

January 2004

To be administered by the HEAD of the School

Part I Background Information

1. Name of school: _________________________________________________

2. Category: 1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Special

3. Name of person completing the questionnaire: _________________________________

4. Position: ___________________________________ Tel. No _____________________

5. Number of students in the school: ______________________

6. Number of teachers in the school: ______________________

7. Language of instruction:

1) English 2. Amharic 3. Others, specify _____________________

Part II Availability and Access of ICT Infrastructure

8. Do you have computers in your school? 1. Yes 2. No

9. How many functioning desktop computers do you use in your school? Please fill in the

number.

Desktop Type 2000 or older model 2000 or later

1. Pentium Type

2. Apple Macintosh

3. Others, specify

10. What is the total “out of use” (broken, waiting for repair) computers in the school? ______

11. How many laptop computers do you use in your school? _____________ (Number)

12. From the total number of functioning desktop computers in the school, how many are:

12.1 Classroom standalone ______________

12.2 Classroom networked ______________

12.3 Administration standalone ______________

12.4 Administration networked ______________

12.5 Teacher standalone ______________


- 97 -

12.6 Teacher networked __________________

12.7 Others, specify __________________

13. How long has the school used computers? _______________ (No of years)

14. Where are computers available for students’ use?

1) In each classroom 4. In subject rooms

2) In library 5. Elsewhere, specify

______________

3) In dedicated ICT lab

15. What operating system is utilized in the school?

1) Windows 95/98 4. MacOS 6. Windows XP/2003

2) Windows 2000 5. UNIX 7. Others, specify ______________

3) Windows NT

16. Do all computers networked in your school? 1. Yes 2. No

17. If YES to Q # 4, how many computers are successfully networked? _________________

18. Do students have access to the Internet/Intranet in school? 1. Yes 2. No

19. For what purpose do you use computers in your school?

1) Word processing and spreadsheet

2) Graphics and design

3) Information handling using multimedia (e.g. CD-ROM)

4) Teaching and learning

5)

Others, specify _______________________

20. What level of access to computers do you consider your school is providing?

1) Little access to students 4. Little access to staff

2) Good access to students 5. Good access to staff

3) Adequate access to students 6. Adequate access to staff

21. Have teachers in the school received training in the use of ICT? 1. Yes 2. No

22. If YES to Q # 5, where do they get training?

No

teachers trained

Duration of training

Type of training

1. Formal 2. Informal

Colleagues in school

Local training inst.

Other sources, specify

23. Does the school get external support in its use of computers from any other source(s)?

1. Yes 2. No

24. If YES to Q # 10, what are these sources?


- 98 -

(1) Parents 3. NGO’s 5. Others, specify _____________

(2) Local business 4. Government budget

25. What support does your school gets from these sources?

(1) Training 3. Advice 5. Others, specify _____________

(2) Equipment 4. Financial

26. In terms of functioning computers, do you consider your school to be:

1) None Under equipped 2. Adequately equipped 3. Well equipped

27. Does your school have computer replacement plan? 1. Yes 2. No

Part III Internet Access

28. Does your school have Internet connection? 1. Yes 2. No

29. If YES to Q #28, it’s connected through: 1. Dial up 2. Dedicated leased line 3. VSAT

30. How many of the functioning computers have Internet connection? _________________

31. Does your school have sufficient telephone infrastructure to serve your needs?

1. Little use 2. Moderate use 3. Extensive use 4. Don’t know

32. Does your staff utilize computers in developing and completing report cards?

1. Yes 2. No

33. What peripherals does your school have to support your technology?

1) Printer 2. Scanner 3. Digital camera 4. Plotter

5) Others, specify _________________

34. What is the degree of computer assisted learning/teaching (e-learning solution) in your

school?

1) Very little 2. Moderate 3. Extensive 4. Others, specify __________

35. Where are computers and ICT resources located?

1) Class rooms 2. Separate Lab 3. Library 4. Others, specify ________

Part IV Software

36. If you have computers in your school, for what purpose do you use computers? (Answer

all)

1) Teaching/Learning purposes 5. System development (programming)

2) Internet/extranet/intranet) 6. Library administration

3) Graphics and design 7. Others, specify ________________

4) Word-processing, spreadsheet sheet, Database, etc.

37. Do you have Antivirus software? 1. Yes 2. No

38. If YES for Q #37, what is the name of the Antivirus?

1) Sophos 3. McAfee 5. Others, specify ________

2) Semantics 4. Dr Solomon


- 99 -

Part V Technical Support

39. Do you have an on-site technical support for computers and accessories to your school?

1) None 2. Full time 3. Occasionally 4. On call basis

2) Part time (once in a week)

40. In terms of response time to solve technical problems, how would you rate the support for

your school?

1) Very good 2. Good 3. Average 4. Poor

Part VI Training in Curriculum Application of Computers

41. Does your school provide school-based training to staff? 1. Yes 2. No

42. Does your staff have access to Web-based training? 1. Yes 2. No

43. For your school, what would be the top three educational priorities regarding ICT in the

next 3 – 5 years? (Rank 1: top priority to Rank 3 from the following list)

1) Add and up-to-date computers & printers 6. Additional laptops

2) Peripherals (scanner, projector, etc.) 7. Available technical support

3) Increase licensed software 8. Introduce wireless technology

4) Better access to the Internet 9. Others, specify _____________

5) Professional development opportunity for staff

44. Does your school have ICT policy? 1. Yes 2. No

45. Do you agree that ICT can have a big contribution to the learning/teaching practice of

your school?

1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly Disagree

46. Do you agree that ICT should be a critical component of the country’s strategic plan?

1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly Disagree


- 100 -

APPENDIX III SURVEY DATA QUESTIONNAIRE 1 (GENERAL)

1

Universal Computer Center 1992

10

Private bahir Dar

2

Microsoft Computer Center 1996

6

Private bahir Dar

3

Intel Printing & advertizing 1996

3

Private bahir Dar

4

Hawaz Trading 1991

8

Private Bahir Dar

5

Amhara Bureau of Education 1985

.

Bureau Bahir Dar

6

Youth, Culture and Sports Afairs Bureau 1994

80

Bureau Bahir Dar

7

Bureau of Rular Development 1994

36

Bureau Bahir Dar

8

Amhara National Regional State ustice Bureau 1985

44

Bureau Bhair dar 9

Bureau of capacity building 1994

20

Bureau Bhair dar 10

Bureau of finance and economic development .

157

Bureau Bhair dar 11

Administration and Security Affaiars Bureau 1994

12

Bureau Bhair dar

12

Trade, industry, and urban development bureau 1994

10

Bureau Bhair dar 13

Bureau Of Health 1985

.

Bureau

14

Bureau of labour & social Affiars 1995

.

Bureau Bahir Dar 15

Bureau of information 1993

73

Bureau

16

Office of HG ANRS 1985

107

Bureau Bahir Dar

17

Water & Mines Resource Development Bureau 1988

166

Bureau Bahir Dar 18

North Gonder Adem. Zone Office .

29

Bureau Gonder 19

North gonder Capacity Building Branch Office 1994

6

NGO Gonder 20

hyb Internet Cafe 1995

1

Private Gonder 21

Ethiopian insurance Corporation 1971

18

GOV Gonder 22

Awash International Bank 1992

14

Private Gonder 23

EXP/2003lorer Abssina Travel 1996

3

Private Gonder 24

Constraction and Business Bank 1982

12

GOV Gonder 25

North Gonder High Court .

40

GOV Gonder 26

Save the children Norway Ethiopia 1969

4

NGO Gonder 27

North Gondar Police Branch 1935

36

GOV Gonder 28

Gonder water Supplay & Sewerage Service 1977

54

GOV Gonder 29

North Gonder Zone Health Desk 1994

20

GOV Gonder 30

Central stastics Authority 1971

46

GOV Gonder 31

Bank Of Abissinay 1992

17

GOV Gonder 32

Nile Insurance Company 1982

5

Private Gonder 33

North Gonder Agriculture Desk 1994

19

GOV Gonder 34

North Gonder Work and Urban Development 1970

16

GOV Gonder 35

Information Branch 1994

12

GOV Gonder 36

Ethiopian Roads Authority 1952

720

GOV Gonder 37

Development Bank Of ethiopia 1970

12

GOV Gonder 38

Bethel Computer Service 1996

3

Private Gonder 39

Office of rural development 1985

64

GOV Adearki

40

Suitenable Development Project 1993

12

Others (specify) Adearki

41

Debark finance office 1993

21

GOV Debark 42

Semen Mountain National Bank 1952

54

GOV Debark 43

Office of Agriculture 1992

81

GOV Debark 44

Capacity Building Office 1992

29

GOV Debark 45

Health Office 1993

5

GOV Debark

46

Semen Mountain National Park Integrated Developmnt Project 1994

14

NGO Debark


- 101 -

47

Dembia Road Development office 1993

138

GOV Kolladiba

48

Koladiba Information Office 1994

27

GOV Kolladiba

49

Capacity Building 1994

41

GOV Kolladiba

50

Gonder dashen area bank 1992

19

Private Gonder

51

United bank S.C 1993

22

Private Gonder

52

Justice 1995

31

GOV Gonde

53

Nourth Gonder Education 1995

20

GOV Gonder

54

Micro Small Trade Industry Deve.Desk 1995

5

GOV Gonder

55

T.S.T Computer Center 1996

2

Private Gonder

56

Gonder Pepsi Cola Plant 1971

215

Private Gonder 57

Wgagen Bank S.Co 1992

19

NGO Gonder 58

Ambasel Trading House 1986

55

Private Gonder 59

Ethiopia Airlines 1986

16

GOV Gonder 60

Dashen Bearery Factory 1992

275

Private Gonder 61

Commercial Bank of Ethiopia .

41

GOV Gonder 62

Capacity Building offic 1994

35

GOV Kolladiba 63

Dabate Administration Office 1985

20

GOV Dabate 64

Save the childeren Norway 1994

2

GOV Dabate 65

Finance Planning Office 1994

26

GOV Ambageorgis

66

Office of rural development 1994

48

GOV Ambageorgis

67

AmbaGeorgis Information Office 1994

23

GOV Ambageorgis

68

Bahir Dar Telecommunication 1954

178

GOV Bahir Dar 69

West Gojam Zone Administrative Office 1986

36

GOV Bahir Dar 70

Investment Office of ANRS 1984

18

GOV Bahir Dar

71

Sida Amhara Rural Development Program Coordination Unit 1990

9

GOV Bahir Dar 72

Family Guidance Association Of Ethiopia 1974

45

NGO Bahir Dar 73

ANRS Civil Service Commission 1985

66

GOV Bahir Dar 74

Bahir Dar Felege Hiwot Hospital 1955

288

GOV Bahir Dar 75

ANRS Rural Road Authority 1987

4107

GOV Bahir Dar 76

Ethiopian Postal Service 1952

27

GOV Bahir Dar 77

Bureau of Works and Urban Dev 1993

117

Bureau Bahir Dar 78

Bahir Dar Meteorological Office 1988

50

GOV Bahir Dar 79

Lake Tana Transport Enterprise 1964

42

GOV Bahir Dar 80

ANRS Office of Auditor General 1987

121

Bureau Bahir Dar 81

Jabi Tehnan Woreda Administrative 1986

55

GOV Finote Selam

82

Fenote Selam Hospital 1977

120

GOV Finote Selam

83

CBE F/Selam Branch 1972

20

GOV Finote Selam

84

Photo Commet 1992

4

Private Finote Selam

85

Telecommunication Corporation F/Selam Branch 1896

29

GOV Finote Selam

86

Jabi Tehena Woreda Education Office 1996

12

GOV Finote Selam

87

Jabi Tehna Woreda Finance and Plan office 1995

16

GOV Finote Selam

88

Jabi Tehna Woreda Information office 1995

25

GOV Finote Selam

89

Jabi Tehna Woreda Capacity Building Office 1995

28

GOV Finote Selam

90

Jabi Tehna Woreda Water Service office 1975

19

GOV Finote Selam

91

Y/Densa Woreda Administration Office 1995

36

GOV Adeit 92

Y/Densa Woreda Information Office 1995

33

GOV Adeit 93

Y/Densa Woreda Finance & Plan Office 1995

34

GOV Adeit 94

Y/Densa Woreda capacity building Office 1995

46

GOV Adeit 95

Y/Densa Woreda Education Office 1993

14

GOV Adeit 96

Burie Woreda Administration Office 1995

23

GOV Burie 97

Finance and Plan office 1956

21

GOV Burie


- 102 -

98

Burie woreda Rural Development 1994

50

GOV Burie

99

Burie woreda Capaity Building 1994

36

GOV Burie

100

Burie woreda Education Office 1993

12

GOV Burie

101

Dembecha worda Administration Office 1994

22

GOV Dembecha

102

Dembecha worda Information Office 1994

33

GOV Dembecha

103

Dembecha worda Rural Development 1994

52

GOV Dembecha

104

Dembecha worda Capacity Building Office 1994

39

GOV Dembecha

105

Dembecha worda finance and plan Office 1994

17

GOV Dembecha

106

Achefer worda administrative Office 1994

28

GOV Dur Bete

107

Achefer worda Information Office 1994

26

GOV Dur Bete 108

Achefer worda finance and plan Office 1994

19

GOV Dur Bete 109

Achefer worda Capacity building Office 1994

39

GOV Dur Bete 110

Achefer worda Rural Development Office 1994

43

GOV Dur Bete 111

Mecha Woreda Agriculture Office 1994

63

GOV Merawi 112

Sekela Woreda Administrative Office 1985

18

GOV Gishe Abay 113

Sekela Woreda capacity building 1994

34

GOV Gishe Abay 114

Sekela Woreda Rural Development office 1994

48

GOV Gishe Abay 115

Womberema Woreda Administrative Office 1994

21

GOV Shindi

116

Womberema Woreda Rural Development Office 1994

37

GOV Shindi 117

Womberema Woreda Information Office 1994

29

GOV Shindi 118

Womberema Woreda Capacity Building 1994

34

GOV Shindi

119

Quarite Woreda Administrative Office 1977

27

GOV Gebeze Mariam

120

Quarite Woreda Rural Development 1994

27

GOV Gebeze Mariam

121

Quarite Woreda Agriculture Office 1993

41

GOV Gebeze Mariam

122

Quarite Woredacapacity building 1994

40

GOV Gebeze Mariam

123

Quarite Woreda Information Office 1994

11

GOV Gebeze Mariam

124

L/bokemkem Administration 1992

44

GOV Addis Zemen

125

L/Kemekem Woreda Rural Development 1994

47

GOV Addis Zemen

126

L/Kemekem Health Center .

60

GOV Addis Zemen

127

L/Kemekem Capacity Building 1994

40

GOV Addis Zemen

128

Fogera Woreda Agriculture Office 1994

40

GOV Wereta 129

Fogera Woreda Rural Development 1994

60

GOV Wereta 130

Fogera Information Office 1994

15

GOV Wereta 131

Fogera Capacity Building 1994

44

GOV Wereta 132

Fogera Administration Office .

27

GOV Wereta 133

Farta Woreda Administration 1994

27

GOV D/Tabor 134

D/Tabor Administration .

39

GOV D/Tabor 135

Farta Woreda Capacity Building Office 1994

65

GOV D/Tabor 136

Frta Woreda Rural Development .

93

GOV D/Tabor 137

Debay Tilatgin Capacity Building 1993

31

GOV Kuye 138

Debay Tilatgin Rural Development 1993

55

GOV Kuye 139

Inemy Woreda Administration Office .

26

GOV Bichena 140

Degen Woreda Co-Operative Promotion Desk 1988

2

GOV Degen 141

Degen Woreda Administration 1994

27

GOV Degen 142

Degen Woreda Agriculture Office 1994

52

GOV Degen 143

Awabel Woreda Rural Development 1994

130

GOV Lumame 144

Awabel Administration Office .

35

GOV Lumame


- 103 -

145

Basso Liber Woreda Rural Development .

47

GOV Yejubie

146

Basso Liben Agriculture Office 1974

76

GOV Yejubie

147

Basso Liben Capacity Building 1994

27

GOV Yejubie

148

Lay Gayint Administration .

50

GOV N/Mewicha

149

FHI/E/S/Gondar Project 1984

15

NGO N/Mewicha

150

ORDA/CARE Laygayint Revive Project Office 1995

17

NGO N/Mewicha

151

CPAR Gayint 1981

31

NGO N/Mewicha

152

Lay Gayint Woreda Rural Development 1994

55

GOV N/Mewicha

153

Machakil Capacity Building 1994

45

GOV Amanuel

154

Gozamin Woreda Capacity Building 1994

32

GOV D/Markos 155

Gozamin Woreda Agriculture Office 1968

109

GOV D/Markos 156

East Gojjam Zone High Cout Ofice .

36

GOV D/Markos 157

East Gojjam Information Office 1994

7

GOV D/Markos 158

East Gojjam Health Desk 1995

9

GOV D/Markos 159

EEPCO 1952

60

GOV D/Markos 160

Social Security Authority 1971

21

GOV D/Markos 161

D/Markos Soil Test Laboratory 1995

14

GOV D/Markos 162

D/Markos Woreda Capacity Building 194

47

GOV D/Markos 163

Development Bank of Ethiopia 1977

12

GOV D/Markos 164

ACSI East Gojjam Branch 1981

198

GOV D/Markos 165

D/Markos Woreda Plan & Economy Office 1994

26

GOV D/Markos 166

Public Participation &Organization Affairs 1994

5

GOV D/Markos 167

E/Enawga Capacity Building 1994

27

GOV D/Worke 168

Office of Finance and Economic Development .

21

GOV D/Worke 169

Finance and planning of chaffa woreda 1994

30

GOV Kamisee

170

Information Department office of chaffa woreda 1995

24

GOV Kamisee 171

Youth, Culture and sports of Chaffa woreda 1994

.

GOV Kamisee 172

Capacity Building of CHAFFA woreda 1994

12

GOV Kamisee 173

Kemissie Municpality 1989

22

GOV Kamisee 174

Rural Development main office 1996

140

GOV Kamisee 175

Dawa Chaffa Education office 1996

6

GOV Kamisee 176

Rural Development of Kemissie woreda 1994

30

GOV Kamisee 177

Huge Tech. Computer Enginnering 1993

3

Private Kamisee 178

Artuma Fursi Health Office 1994

.

GOV Cheffa Kobit 179

OROMO Zone administration 1986

35

GOV Kamisee 180

Artuma Fursa Capacity Building 1993

25

GOV Kamisee 181

Artuma Fursa Administration Office 1986

27

GOV Chefa Robit 182

Artuma Fursa Education Office 1986

8

GOV Chefa Robit 183

Water Action /Harbu Integreted 1993

8

NGO Harbu 184

Harbu Municipality 1989

17

GOV Harbu 185

Harbu Health Center 1993

29

GOV Harbu 186

Bati Woreda Information Office 1994

22

GOV Bati 187

Bati Woreda Health Office 1988

9

GOV Bati 188

Bati Woreda Capacity Building 1988

28

GOV Bati

189

Rural Development and Agriculture in Bati Woreda 1994

70

GOV Bati 190

Bati Woreda Administration 1984

22

GOV Bati 191

Bati Town Municipality 1936

42

GOV Bati 192

Rural Development Of Jille Timuga 1994

56

GOV Senbet 193

Jille Timuga Woreda Administration 1993

23

GOV Senbet 194

Jille Timuga Woreda Capacity Building 1994

26

GOV Senbet 195

Jille Timuga Education Office 1994

6

GOV Senbet


- 104 -

196

Jille Timuga Health Office 1994

3

GOV Senbet

197

T.Dra Information Office 1994

19

GOV Haik

198

Rural Development & Agriculture 1994

100

GOV Haik

199

haik Health Center 1966

21

GOV Haik

200

Tehuledra Woreda Education Office 1966

9

GOV Haik

201

Tehuledra Woreda Capacity building Office 1994

29

GOV Haik

202

Tehuledra Woreda Administration 1994

16

GOV Haik

203

Kutaber Woreda Administration office 1937

14

GOV Kutaber

204

Kutaber Woreda Capacity Building 1994

28

GOV Kutaber

205

Kutaber Woreda Health Office 1985

7

GOV Kutaber 206

Kutaber Woreda Education Office 1985

8

GOV Kutaber

207

Rural Development & Agriculture Of Kutaber Woreda 1994

101

GOV Kutaber 208

Kospi Private Limited Company .

71

Private Kombolcha 209

Kombolcha Textile Share Company 1977

2183

GOV Kombolcha 210

Kombolcha Agriculture T.V.T College 1978

145

GOV Kombolcha

211

Amhara Waters Works Construction Enterprise 1972

25

GOV Kombolcha 212

Kombolcha Agriculture Research Center 1978

139

GOV Kombolcha 213

Rural Development of Kalu Woreda 1994

143

GOV Kombolcha 214

Kombolcha Municipality 1935

128

GOV Kombolcha 215


46

GOV Dessie 216

Dessie Ketema Capacity Building 1994

42

GOV Dessie 217

Dessie Woreda Education Office 1994

18

GOV Dessie 218

MoHA Dessie Plant 1988

170

Private Dessie 219

Yenegat Teshey Flour Factory 1991

27

Private Dessie 220

Dessie Woreda Administration Office 1994

37

GOV Dessie 221

Information, Money Plan Ambasel 1985

38

GOV Wunchale 222

Ambasel Woreda Administration Office 1966

26

GOV Wunchale 223

Ambasel Woreda Agricultural Office 1995

129

GOV Wunchale 224

Ambasel Woreda Capacity Building 1994

34

GOV Wunchale 225

Ambasel Woreda Education Office 1985

8

GOV Wunchale 226

Ambasel Woreda Health Office 1984

7

GOV Wunchale 227

Capacity Building North Shoa Zone 1994

5

GOV D/B 228

North Shoa Agriculture Desk 1994

9

GOV D/B 229

North Shoa Health Desk 1983

11

GOV D/B 230

Development Bank of Ethiopia 1981

17

GOV D/B 231

Education Office 1989

7

NGO D/B 232

Finance and Plan Office 1986

13

GOV Mokey 233

Antsokia World Vision 1977

16

NGO Mokey 234

World Vision Efrata ADP 1993

30

NGO Ataye 235


18

GOV Ataye 236

Rural Development Office 1994

31

GOV S/Robit 237

Zibano Computer & Type Training 1995

2

Private S/Robit 238

ICT computer Training Center 1996

4

Private S/Robit 239


6

GOV D/Sina 240

Rural Development 1994

15

GOV D/Sina 241

D/Sina Cline Sexual Reproductive Health 1994

4

NGO D/Sina 242


11

GOV Mehal Meda 243


22

GOV Mehal Meda 244

World Vision Mehal Meda 1981

33

NGO Mehal Meda 245

Capacity Building Office 1994

21

GOV Gore Bela 246


5

NGO Enwari


- 105 -

247

Ethiopian Social Rehabilitation & Development Fund 1987

58

Others (specify) Bhair Dar

248

ORDA 1984

450

NGO Bhair Dar

249

ACSI 1995

46

NGO Bhair Dar

250

Co- SAERAR 1988

378

GOV Bhair Dar

251

Water Works Constraction Enterprise 1996

202


252

West Gojjam Labour and social Affairs 1966

36

GOV Bhair Dar

253

Intail Printing and Advertising 1994

3

Private Bhair Dar

254

ANRS Transport Bureau 1984

20

Bureau Bhair Dar

255

Disaster Prevention and prepardness commission 1981

66

Private Bhair Dar 256

Agricultural Research Institute 1993

50

GOV Bhair Dar

257

Small, and Micro Trade & Industry Dev't Bureau 1992

83

GOV Bhair Dar

258

B/D Special Zone Information and youth sport and culture office 1993

39

GOV Bhair Dar 259

Tiss Abay tour and Travel Agency 1994

3


Constraction and Business Bank 1980

15

GOV Bhair Dar

261

Bahir Dar Chamber of Commerce 1969

4


262

Food Security Program Co-ordination Office 1991

24


263

NEGA Consulting architect and Engineering 1994

13

Private Bhair Dar

264

Public Participation and Civic socity coordination office 1994

4

GOV Bhair Dar 265

Sirak and Meseret P.L.C 1994

23

GOV Bhair Dar 266

B/D Special Zone Finance and plan office 1997

33

GOV Bhair Dar 267

Bahir Dar City Administration Mayor Office 1994

35

GOV Bhair Dar 268

A.N.R.Council office 1984

26

GOV Bhair Dar

269

Mulugeta Zemene Attorney and Consultant at law 1994

2


Bahir dar Oil Factory Share Company 1971

155

GOV Bhair Dar 271

Bahir dar Textile share Company 1962

1858

GOV Bhair Dar 272

Trade, Industry and Investment Co. Pr. 1994

20

GOV Bhair Dar 273

Bahir Dar Minicipality 1937

223

GOV Bhair Dar

274

ANRS Agency for the administration of rented house 1989

71

GOV Bhair Dar 275

Guder Agro Industry 1989

148

Private Bhair Dar

276

Public participation & organization Affair Bureau 1994

17

GOV Bhair Dar 277

B/D Zuria Woreda Administration Office 1984

28

GOV Bhair Dar 278

B/D Zuria Woreda Rural Developmet Office 1995

58

GOV Bhair Dar 279

B/D Zuria Woreda Finance and Plan office 1974

25

GOV Bhair Dar 280

B/D Zuria Woreda Education office 1993

10

GOV Bhair Dar 281

B/D Zuria Woreda Capacity building office 1994

40

GOV Bhair Dar 282

B/D Zuria Woreda Health Center 1991

9

GOV Bhair Dar 283

B/D Zuria Woreda Agricultural Office 1987

123

GOV Bhair Dar 284

Mecha Woreda Administration 1994

27

GOV Merawi 285

Mecha Woreda Information Office 1994

35

GOV Merawi 286

Mecha Woreda Capacity Building Office 1994

40

GOV B/D 287

Mecha Woreda Finance and Plan Office 1994

26

GOV Merawi 288

Mecha Woreda Rural Development office 1994

67

GOV Merawi


- 106 -

289

Mecha Woreda People Participant organizer 1994

4

GOV Merawi

290

Yelmana Densa Woreda Adet Agricultural research Center 1979

195

GOV Adet

291

Yelmana Densa Woreda Rural Development office 1994

57

GOV Adet

292

Yelmana Densa Woreda Agricultural Office office 1995

77

GOV Adet

293

Chagniy Live Stock Research Center 1979

98

GOV Chagniy

294

Water Supplay office 1996

4

GOV Chagniy

295


46

GOV Chagniy 296


21

GOV Injebara 297

Trade and Industry office 1988

30

GOV Injebara 298


6

GOV Injebara 299

Information department 1993

5

GOV Injebara 300

Health Office 1994

12

GOV Injebara 301

Youth, Sport and Culture Department 1994

9

GOV Injebara 302

Labour and Social Office 1990

33

GOV Injebara 303


21

GOV Injebara 304

Agriculture Office 1994

125

GOV Dangla 305

Administration Office 1994

27

GOV Dangla 306

Zone Council office 1994

2

GOV Dangla 307

Awi Nationality Administration Office 1993

5

GOV Enjebara

308

Enviromental Protection, land administration and use Authority 1993

102

Bureau B/D 309

Bureau of Agriculture 1983

173

Bureau B/D 310

Trade, Industry and Urban Development 1993

6

Bureau B/D 311

ANRS Tourism Commission 1994

33

Bureau B/D 312

Papyrus Hotel 1994

129

Private B/D 313

West Gojjam Transport Office 1993

23

GOV B/D 314

A.N.R.S Mas Medai Agency 1985

95

GOV B/D

315

Amarew Project(USAID) 1994

16

Others (specify) B/D

316

Fisseha Tele Center 1996

5

Private B/D


- 107 -

APPENDIX IV SURVEY DATA QUESTIONNAIRE 2 (SCHOOLS)

Serial number

Name of School Surveyed

Number of

students in the

school

Number of teachers

in the school

1

Tewodros II Preparatory 790

27

2

Addis Zemen Preparatory School 490

26

3

Nefas Mewch TVET 22

14

4

Debre Tabor School of Nursing 105

11

5

Debre Tabor TVTI 500

46

6

Addis Zemen Technical (TVET) School 230

16

7

New Computer Training center 7

1

8

Gate Computer Center 15

1

9

Motta Preparatory and Secondary School 610

200

10

Debre Markos Preparatory 1274

38

11

New Man College 500

13

12

Bati Red Cross 77 s.s.s 450

15

13

Kombolcha TVET Institute 250

39

14

Hurbu High School 1772

24

15

Harbu Primary School 1334

18

16

Kombolcha Preparatory Sec. High School 570

26

17

Haik General Secondary School 2750

36

18

Dessie College of Business and Management 550

25

19

Kombolcha Industrial Technology College 447

34

20

Dessie college of teachers education 810

43

21

Dessie TVET 424

50

22

Kemissie Higher Education Preparatory Secondary School 881

30

23

Burie A.T.V.E.T 685

39

24

Burie Medium Technical and Vocational Training Center .

35

25

CKC(Computer Knowledge Center) 10

1

26

Damot Preparatory School 1250

30

27

Corporate Computer Center (3C) .

2

28

PUT Computer Center 65

1

29

Dabate Preparatory School 540

19

30

Gondar University 5000

350

31

Fasiledes Preparatory School 1860

63

32

Nile College 175

5

33

Admas English Language and Computer Center 19

2

34

Debark Technical and Vocational Center 194

16

35

Brisbane Language Center 40

1

36

Global Computer Engineering 130

2

37

Gonder Computer Center 15

1

38

PCTECHNO computes Information Tech. Center 55

3

39

Gondar College of Teacher Education 7849

48

40

Azanayn General Computer Service 40

3

41

Union Complex Academy 130

16

42

Bahir Dar Health College and Teachers TrainingInstitute 521

34

43

Sembete P. School 1737

35


- 108 -

44

Kemisse 3151

60

45

Addis Mender 984

12

46

Bati General primary school 3359

55

47

Kutaber primary and unior secondary school 3128

48

48

Bilue Nile College 638

19

49

Gondar TVET 890

58

50

3B IT Center 17

2

51

kOLLADIBA tvet 279

22

52

Injibara Sec.& Preparatory 1600

40

53

M/meda Technical & Vocational Instutit .

.

54

Molale Preparatory Secondary school 967

28

55

D/Sina Priparatory School 968

40

56

Ataye Vocational Instuti 300

23

57

Mekoy secondary high school 885

20

58

D/Brehan Teacher Education & Vocational Training Colleg 2688

61

59

D/Brehan Middle level & Vocational Training Colleg 724

68

60

Haile Mariam mamo preparatory Secondary high School 3207

50

61

Breag Computer Center 16

2

62

Wisdom Information Technology 7

1

63

Injibara TVET School 278

31

64

Dangla Senior Secondary & Preparatory 3081

64

65

Blue Nile College 2000

48

66

Paragon College 126

12

67

Highland College 1744

73

68

Gate Computer College 45

5

69

Bahir Dar academy .

34

70

W/ro ayelech Memorial School 373

15

71

SOS Hermann Gmener School 223

12

72

Tana Haik Higher Education Preparatory 1550

60

73

Tana Haik College 150

9

74

Merawi Preparatory School 763

20

75

Chfa Robit School 1269

28


- 109 -

APPENDIX V TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)

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ICT INFRASTRUCTURE SURVEY FOR AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE

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