ICGH9 Borehole to Laboratory and Expeditions - geotek.co.uk · Acc elero meter output vs induced...
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Accelerometer output vs induced frequency of torsional vibration Small Strain Testing Recent Expeditions K 0 Permeameter: Permeability Under Effective Stress PCATS Triaxial: Small & Large Strain Testing with Permeability miniPCATS: Sub-sampling in the Laboratory India: NGHP02 2015 China: GMGS3 2015 Japan: Meiji U 2015 China: GMGS4 2016 USA: UT-GOM2-01 2017 PCTB & HPTC: Wireline Pressure Coring Tools This Way to the Pressurized Future Pressure Cores: From Borehole to Laboratory Freeze Cell for Field or Lab Preservation of Structure Corer Core Diameter Drill Pipe ID PCTB 51 mm (2 in) 4 1/8 in HPTC 57 mm (2 1/4 in) 6 5/8 in • Core length: 3m (10 ft) • Max pressure: 35 MPa (5000 psi) • Ball valve closure & seal 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Gamma Density (g/cm 3 ) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 P-wave Velocity (m/s) UT-GOM2-1-H005-5FB Core Depth (m) X-ray 2:1 exagg. Stored Under Pressure Stored Under Pressure Stored Under Pressure 5FB-1 82.6cm 120-008 36cm spacer cone/DST 5FB-2 109.4cm 120-039 10cm spacer cone/DST 5FB-3 111.5cm 120-042 5cm spacer cone/DST PCATS: Foundation Geophysical Data & Field Sampling • Core transfer from corer autoclave • Geophysical measurements • Density via gamma attenuation • P-wave velocity • X-ray computed tomography • Temporary storage in full-length 3.5m chambers if required • Core sectioning and transfer to storage chambers for • field depressurization • field liquid nitrogen freeze cell • transportation to laboratory • Quantitative depressurization of samples • Continuous pressure & temperature records • Gas & liquid volume measurement • Gas sampling and composition via GC • Calculation of hydrate or free gas content 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Pressure (MPa) Volume CH4 @ STP (L) total methane expelled methane methane remaining in chamber Field Depressurization & Hydrate/Gas Quantification • Storage chambers: • 35cm, 125cm • Overpack transportation system • Explosion-proof refrigerated container • Storage chambers inside DOT-approved overpacks • Dangerous goods procedure • Approved for all international shipping Pressurized Storage Chambers DOT- Approved & International Transport Under Pressure • Sample cutting/preparation in laboratory • Reciprocating saw for hard samples • Sample length up to 1.2 m • Max pressure: 35 MPa (5000 psi) • Optional X-ray, P Wave, Density • Compatible with USGS Instrumented Pressure Testing Chamber (IPTC) • Direct transfer from miniPCATS • Sample extruded from core liner into flexible rubber sleeve • Sample length 25-30mm, diameter 51mm • Independent confining pressure & pore pressure • Computer-controlled motor-driven axial loading • Consolidation properties • Direct-flow permeability under effective stress transfer orientation measurement orientation • Triaxial stress-strain testing • Resonant column testing • Direct flow permeability • Horizontal plug “sidewall” coring under pressure • Miniature pressure chambers for micro-CT • Raman-compatible windows in testing cells • Hard sample trimming & preparation for improved mechanical testing before after • Freeze cell mates to 35cm storage chamber • Sample dropped into liquid nitrogen • Samples expand but sedimentary structures preserved • Samples ready for • transportation around the world in LN 2 dry shippers • slabbing or freeze-drying prior to description • Bay of Bengal: 3 months • 10 coring sites • 75/104 cores at pressure • 156m pressure core recovered • 25 1.2m storage chambers to AIST (Sapporo, Japan) • Sea of Japan: August to October 2015 • “Gas chimney” structures, pockmarks, & mounds • GH recovered in conventional & pressure cores • 27 PCTB cores • Massive gas hydrate • Pressure core sections transported to AIST for analysis Previous expeditions Recent pressure coring expeditions Meiji U NGHP02 UT-GOM2-01 GMGS3 & GMGS4 PCATS X-ray CT • South China Sea Shenhu area • Pore filling gas hydrate in fine- grained sediment • Thermogenic gas compositions • Recent hydrate formation • 18 samples cryofrozen under pressure using freeze cell • 36m (GMGS3) & 90m (GMGS4) pressure core recovered see poster Peter Schultheiss, Melanie Holland, John Roberts, Nikolaus Bigalke, Michael Mimitz [email protected] 50mm Concentrated Gas Hydrate in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea: Results From Drilling Expeditions GMGS3 & GMGS4 Shengxiong YANG 1 , Yong LEI 1 , Jinqiang LIANG 1 , Melanie Holland 2 *, Peter Schultheiss 2 , Jingan LU 1 , Jiangong WEI 1 1 Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China; 2 Geotek Ltd., United Kingdom Many thanks to the crew of the D/V Fugro Voyager and the science parties of GMGS3 & GMGS4. Laterally Continuous Hydrate Deposits Low magnitude of resistivity anomalies support pore-filling morphology Logging-While-Drilling Data Comparison for Three Re-Occupied Sites • Vertical offsets applied as required • Profiles are similar to extremely similar 2015 2016 Depth (mbsf) hydrate no hydrate locations cored yellow black red Shenhu Drilling Locations Pearl River Mouth Basin Baiyun Sag Shenhu Area 2007 2007 2007 2016 2016 2015 2015 2016 2016 2015 2015 Depth (mbsf) Top of LWD electrical resistivity anomaly Calculated base of SI methane hydrate stability Hydrate Zone Boundaries < 5 MPa 5 to 10 MPa > 10 MPa In-Situ Strength Strength can be used to define the hydrate zone at Shenhu • Hydrate is concentrated (25-70%) • Hydrate zone matches LWD logs (electrical resistivity, acoustic P-wave) • Hydrate zone has a sharp top • Hydrate zone ends at base of stability (SI CH4) at most locations • Hydrate-bearing sediments show increased strength Thick Layers of Hydrate Atop the Base of Stability Gas Hydrate Measured in Cores on Three Expeditions to Shenhu Gas Hydrate Concentration (% of Pore Volume) calculated from porewater freshening calculated from pressure core methane mass balance Pore-Filling Gas Hydrate in Fine-Grained Sediment Velocity Increases with Hydrate Maximum hydrate in each core: 10-70 % 1-10 % 0% Cores ± Hydrate Measured Under Pressure Pressure core data from Geotek PCATS Data: all cores measured in PCATS P-wave Velocity (m/s) Gamma Density (g/cm 3 ) Density is uniform Velocity is high • Hydrate is concentrated (25-70%) • Hydrate-bearing sediments: • No density changes • Elevated P-wave velocity • Increased strength (see center) Conclusion: Gas hydrate is PORE-FILLING at Shenhu Median grain size ~20 µm GH 52% GH 44% GH 0% GH 0% Gamma Density (g/cm3) P-wave Velocity (m/s) Gamma Density (g/cm3) P-wave Velocity (m/s) Thermogenic Gases and Evidence for SII Hydrate • Propane at three locations exceeds 1000 ppm • possible SII methane-propane hydrate • Same three locations show hydrate below the base of SI CH4 hydrate stability (see center) • two locations also show recent hydrate formation (see lower left) Ethane or Propane (ppm) Propane Concentration Varies Across Shenhu Locations Depth (mbsf) *[email protected] Evidence for Local Area with Recent Hydrate Formation • Four holes show high chloride near hydrate • Elevated chloride is consistent with ion exclusion due to hydrate formation • Local phenomenon: all four holes within ~1 km Background Chloride Increases Toward Hydrate Zone “In situ” chloride for hydrate calculation has significant uncertainty Low chloride is due to hydrate dissociation after core recovery Chloride (mM) Depth (mbsf) • Gulf of Mexico Green Canyon • Combined tool testing and science program • Continuous pressure coring through hydrate reservoir • Concentrated methane hydrate in silts and fine sand • Onshore post-expedition core processing program • 21 pressure core sections transported to UT Austin 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 Gamma Density (g/cm3) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 P-wave Velocity (m/s) X-ray 2:1 exagg. Core Depth (m) UT-GOM2-1-H002-4CS as cut Q Degas Q Degas 4CS-2 103cm 120-047 15cm spacer cone/DST Stored Under Pressure 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Gamma Density (g/cm) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 2:1 exagg. P-wave Velocity (m/s) UT-GOM2-1-H005-1FB Core Depth (m) X-ray as cut Q Degas Stored Under Pressure 1FB-4 30cm, 120-035 stored above 6FB-3 cone/DST intermoor X-ray Q4000 Q Degas Q Degas 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Gamma Density (g/cm3) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 P-wave Velocity (m/s) UT-GOM2-1-H005-2FB Core Depth (m) X-ray 2:1 exagg. as cut Q Degas Stored Under Pressure 2FB-2 94.2cm 120-041 25cm spacer cone/DST 2FB-3 40.5cm 120-040 stored above 3FB-5 cone/DST Stored Under Pressure 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Gamma Density (g/cm3) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 P-wave Velocity (m/s) UT-GOM2-1-H005-3FB Core Depth (m) X-ray 2:1 exagg. as cut Stored Under Pressure 3FB-1 115.2cm 120-043 5cm spacer cone/DST Q Degas Stored Under Pressure 3FB-4 77.3cm 120-038 40cm spacer cone/DST Q Degas 3FB-5 68cm 120-040 stored below 2FB-3 cone/DST Stored Under Pressure 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Gamma Density (g/cm3) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 P-wave Velocity (m/s) UT-GOM2-1-H005-4FB Core Depth (m) X-ray 2:1 exagg. as cut Q Degas Q Degas Q Degas Q Degas Q Degas R Degas Stored Under Pressure Stored Under Pressure 4FB-6 108.4cm 120-044 5cm spacer cone/DST 4FB-8 117.6cm 120-045 no spacers cone/DST 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Gamma Density (g/cm3) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 P-wave Velocity (m/s) UT-GOM2-1-H005-5FB Core Depth (m) X-ray 2:1 exagg. as cut liner lengths do not match scan as core moved during cuts Stored Under Pressure Stored Under Pressure Stored Under Pressure 5FB-1 82.6cm 120-008 36cm spacer cone/DST 5FB-2 109.4cm 120-039 10cm spacer cone/DST 5FB-3 111.5cm 120-042 5cm spacer cone/DST 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Gamma Density (g/cm3) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 P-wave Velocity (m/s) UT-GOM2-1-H005-6FB Core Depth (m) X-ray 2:1 exagg. Stored Under Pressure Stored Under Pressure Stored Under Pressure 6FB-1 78.9cm 120-037 40cm spacer cone/DST 6FB-2 118.6cm 120-046 no spacer cone/DST 6FB-3 75cm 120-035 stored below 1FB-4 cone/DST as cut scanned again after temporary pressure drop 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Gamma Density (g/cm3) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 P-wave Velocity (m/s) UT-GOM2-1-H005-7FB Core Depth (m) X-ray 2:1 exagg. as cut Q Degas Q Degas Q Degas 7FB-3 115.1cm 120-032 5cm spacer cone/DST Stored Under Pressure 7FB-5 119.6cm 120-036 no spacer cone/DST Stored Under Pressure 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Gamma Density (g/cm3) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 P-wave Velocity (m/s) UT-GOM2-1-H005-8FB Core Depth (m) X-ray 2:1 exagg. Stored Under Pressure Stored Under Pressure Stored Under Pressure 8FB-1 90.9cm 120-049 25cm spacer cone/DST 8FB-2 118.1cm 120-050 no spacers cone/DST as cut liner lengths do not match scan as core moved during cuts 8FB-3 74.5cm 120-034 43.5cm spacer cone/DST 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Gamma Density (g/cm3) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 P-wave Velocity (m/s) UT-GOM2-1-H005-9FB Core Depth (m) X-ray 2:1 exagg. Rapid Degas Q Degas as cut (Q4000 data) Q Degas Stored Under Pressure 9FB-3 115cm 120-048 5cm spacer cone/DST 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Gamma Density (g/cm3) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 P-wave Velocity (m/s) UT-GOM2-1-H005-13FB Core Depth (m) X-ray 2:1 exagg. as cut Stored Under Pressure 13FB-1 52cm 120-033 70cm spacer cone/DST Stored Under Pressure 13FB-2 117.9cm 120-017 no spacers cone/DST All stored core sections are now at the UT Austin Pressure Core Center. PCATS X-ray CT images (1.5x horizontal exaggeration) shown for a subset of the stored sections. PCATS Data shown for all stored samples. Gas Hydrate Pressure Cores from Expedition UT-GOM2-01, Gulf of Mexico, May 2017 ......................... Peter Flemings (Chief Scientist) & the UT-GOM2-01 Science Party pfl[email protected] 75 80 85 90 95 100 PCATS X-ray CT
Transcript of ICGH9 Borehole to Laboratory and Expeditions - geotek.co.uk · Acc elero meter output vs induced...
Accelerometer output vs induced frequency of torsional vibration
Small Strain Testing
Recent Expeditions
K0
Permeameter:Permeability UnderEffective Stress
PCATSTriaxial: Small &
Large Strain Testingwith Permeability
miniPCATS:Sub-sampling in the
Laboratory
India: NGHP02 2015
China: GMGS3 2015
Japan: Meiji U 2015
China: GMGS4 2016
USA: UT-GOM2-01 2017
PCTB & HPTC:Wireline Pressure
Coring Tools
This Way tothe Pressurized
Future
Pressure Cores: From Borehole to Laboratory
FreezeCell for Field orLab Preservation
of Structure
Corer Core Diameter Drill Pipe IDPCTB 51 mm (2 in) 4 1/8 inHPTC 57 mm (2 1/4 in) 6 5/8 in
• Core length: 3m (10 ft)
• Max pressure: 35 MPa (5000 psi)
• Ball valve closure & seal
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UT-GOM2-1-H005-5FBCoreDepth
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X-ray2:1 exagg.
StoredUnder
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Pressure
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Pressure
5FB-182.6cm120-008
36cm spacercone/DST
5FB-2109.4cm120-039
10cm spacercone/DST
5FB-3111.5cm120-042
5cm spacercone/DST
PCATS:Foundation
Geophysical Data &Field Sampling
• Core transfer from corer autoclave
• Geophysical measurements
• Density via gamma attenuation
• P-wave velocity
• X-ray computed tomography
• Temporary storage in full-length 3.5mchambers if required
• Core sectioning and transfer tostorage chambers for
• field depressurization
• field liquid nitrogen freeze cell
• transportation to laboratory
• Quantitative depressurization of samples
• Continuous pressure & temperature records
• Gas & liquid volume measurement
• Gas sampling and composition via GC
• Calculation of hydrate or free gas content
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Pressure
(MPa
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Volume CH4 @ STP (L)
total methane
expelled methane
methane remaining inchamber
FieldDepressurization& Hydrate/GasQuantification
• Storage chambers:
• 35cm, 125cm
• Overpack transportation system
• Explosion-proof refrigeratedcontainer
• Storage chambers insideDOT-approved overpacks
• Dangerous goods procedure
• Approved for allinternational shipping
PressurizedStorage
Chambers
DOT-Approved &International
Transport UnderPressure
• Sample cutting/preparation inlaboratory
• Reciprocating saw for hard samples
• Sample length up to 1.2 m
• Max pressure: 35 MPa (5000 psi)
• Optional X-ray, P Wave, Density
• Compatible with USGS InstrumentedPressure Testing Chamber (IPTC)
• Direct transfer from miniPCATS
• Sample extruded from core linerinto flexible rubber sleeve
• Sample length 25-30mm,diameter 51mm
• Independent confining pressure& pore pressure
• Computer-controlled motor-drivenaxial loading
• Consolidation properties
• Direct-flow permeability undereffective stress
transfer orientation measurement orientation
• Triaxial stress-strain testing
• Resonant column testing
• Direct flow permeability
• Horizontal plug “sidewall” coringunder pressure
• Miniature pressure chambersfor micro-CT
• Raman-compatible windows intesting cells
• Hard sample trimming &preparation for improvedmechanical testing
before after
• Freeze cell mates to35cm storage chamber
• Sample dropped intoliquid nitrogen
• Samples expand but sedimentary structures preserved
• Samples ready for
• transportation around the world in LN2 dry shippers
• slabbing or freeze-drying prior to description
• Bay of Bengal: 3 months• 10 coring sites• 75/104 cores at pressure• 156m pressure core recovered• 25 1.2m storage chambers to AIST (Sapporo, Japan)
• Sea of Japan: August to October 2015• “Gas chimney” structures, pockmarks, & mounds• GH recovered in conventional & pressure cores• 27 PCTB cores
• Massive gas hydrate• Pressure core sectionstransported to AISTfor analysis
Previous expeditionsRecent pressure coring expeditions
Meiji U
NGHP02UT-GOM2-01
GMGS3 &GMGS4
PCAT
SX-rayCT
• South China Sea Shenhu area• Pore filling gas hydrate in fine-grained sediment
• Thermogenic gas compositions• Recent hydrate formation
• 18 samples cryofrozen underpressure using freeze cell
• 36m (GMGS3) & 90m (GMGS4)pressure core recovered
see poster
Peter Schultheiss, MelanieHolland, John Roberts, NikolausBigalke, Michael Mimitz
50mm
Concentrated Gas Hydrate in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea: Results From Drilling Expeditions GMGS3 & GMGS4Shengxiong YANG1, Yong LEI1, Jinqiang LIANG1,Melanie Holland2*, Peter Schultheiss2,Jingan LU1, Jiangong WEI1
1Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China;2Geotek Ltd., United Kingdom
Manythanks to
the crew ofthe D/V Fugro
Voyager and thescience parties ofGMGS3 & GMGS4.
Laterally ContinuousHydrate Deposits
Lowmagnitudeof resistivityanomalies
supportpore-filling
morphology
Logging-While-Drilling Data Comparison for Three Re-Occupied Sites
• Vertical offsetsapplied as required
• Profiles are similar toextremely similar
2015 2016
Depth
(mbsf)
hydrate
no hydrate
locations cored
yellow
black
red
Shenhu Drilling LocationsPearl RiverMouth Basin
BaiyunSag
ShenhuArea
2007 2007 2007 2016 2016 2015 2015 2016 2016 2015 2015
Depth
(mbsf)
Top of LWD electrical resistivity anomalyCalculated base of SI methane hydrate stability
Hydrate Zone Boundaries< 5 MPa5 to 10 MPa> 10 MPa
In-Situ StrengthStrength can be usedto define the hydrate
zone at Shenhu
• Hydrate isconcentrated (25-70%)
• Hydrate zone matchesLWD logs (electrical resistivity,acoustic P-wave)
• Hydrate zone has a sharp top• Hydrate zone ends at base ofstability (SI CH4) at mostlocations
• Hydrate-bearing sedimentsshow increasedstrength
Thick Layers of HydrateAtop the Base of Stability
Gas Hydrate Measured in Cores on Three Expeditions to Shenhu
Gas Hydrate Concentration(% of Pore Volume)
calculated from porewater fresheningcalculated from pressure core methane mass balance
Pore-Filling Gas Hydratein Fine-Grained Sediment
Velocity Increases with Hydrate
Maximumhydrate ineach core:10-70 %1-10 %0 %
Cores ± Hydrate Measured Under Pressure
Pressure core data fromGeotek PCATS
Data: all coresmeasured in
PCATS
P-waveVe
locity(m
/s)
Gamma Density(g/cm3)
Densityis uniform
Velocity ishigh
• Hydrate isconcentrated (25-70%)
• Hydrate-bearing sediments:• No density changes• Elevated P-wave velocity• Increased strength (see center)
Conclusion:
Gas hydrate is PORE-FILLING at Shenhu
Mediangrain size~20 µm
Grains=grey, pores=black, hydrate=white.
GH 52%
GH 44%
GH 0%
GH 0%
Gamma Density(g/cm3)
P-waveVelocity (m/s)
Gamma Density(g/cm3)
P-waveVelocity (m/s)
Thermogenic Gases andEvidence for SII Hydrate
• Propane at threelocations exceeds 1000 ppm
• possible SII methane-propanehydrate
• Same three locations show hydratebelow the base of SI CH4 hydratestability (see center)• two locations also showrecent hydrateformation(see lower left)
Ethane or Propane (ppm)
Propane Concentration Varies Across Shenhu Locations
Depth
(mbsf)
Evidence for Local Areawith Recent Hydrate Formation
• Four holes showhigh chloride near hydrate
• Elevated chlorideis consistent with
ion exclusion due tohydrate formation
• Local phenomenon:all four holeswithin ~1 km Background Chloride Increases Toward Hydrate Zone
“In situ” chloride for hydrate calculationhas significant uncertainty
Lowchlorideis due tohydratedissociationafter corerecovery
Chloride (mM)
Depth
(mbsf)
• Gulf of Mexico Green Canyon• Combined tool testing andscience program
• Continuous pressure coringthrough hydrate reservoir
• Concentrated methanehydrate in silts and fine sand
• Onshore post-expedition core processing program• 21 pressure core sections transported to UT Austin
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5
Gamma Density (g/cm3)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
P-wave Velocity (m/s) X-ray
2:1 exagg.
CoreDepth
(m)
UT-GOM2-1-H002-4CSas cut
Q Degas
QDegas
4CS-2103cm120-047
15cm spacercone/DST
StoredUnder
Pressure
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Gamma Density (g/cm3)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 2:1 exagg.
P-wave Velocity (m/s)
UT-GOM2-1-H005-1FB
CoreDepth
(m)
X-ray
as cut
QDegas
Stored UnderPressure
1FB-430cm, 120-035
stored above 6FB-3cone/DST
intermoorX-ray
Q4000
QDegas
QDegas
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Gamma Density (g/cm3)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
P-wave Velocity (m/s)
UT-GOM2-1-H005-2FB
CoreDepth
(m)
X-ray2:1 exagg.
as cut
Q Degas
StoredUnder
Pressure
2FB-294.2cm120-041
25cm spacercone/DST
2FB-340.5cm120-040
stored above3FB-5
cone/DST
StoredUnder
Pressure
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Gamma Density (g/cm3)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
P-wave Velocity (m/s)
UT-GOM2-1-H005-3FB
CoreDepth
(m)
X-ray2:1 exagg.
as cut
StoredUnder
Pressure
3FB-1115.2cm120-043
5cm spacercone/DST
Q Degas
StoredUnder
Pressure
3FB-477.3cm120-038
40cm spacercone/DST
Q Degas
3FB-568cm120-040
stored below2FB-3
cone/DST
StoredUnder
Pressure
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Gamma Density (g/cm3)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
P-wave Velocity (m/s)
UT-GOM2-1-H005-4FB
CoreDepth
(m)
X-ray2:1 exagg.
as cut
Q Degas
Q Degas
Q Degas
Q Degas
Q Degas
R Degas
StoredUnder
Pressure
StoredUnder
Pressure
4FB-6108.4cm120-044
5cm spacercone/DST
4FB-8117.6cm120-045
no spacerscone/DST
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Gamma Density (g/cm3)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
P-wave Velocity (m/s)
UT-GOM2-1-H005-5FB
CoreDepth
(m)
X-ray2:1 exagg.
as cutliner lengths do not match scan as core moved during cuts
StoredUnder
Pressure
StoredUnder
Pressure
StoredUnder
Pressure
5FB-182.6cm120-008
36cm spacercone/DST
5FB-2109.4cm120-039
10cm spacercone/DST
5FB-3111.5cm120-042
5cm spacercone/DST
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Gamma Density (g/cm3)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
P-wave Velocity (m/s)
UT-GOM2-1-H005-6FB
CoreDepth
(m)
X-ray2:1 exagg.
StoredUnder
Pressure
StoredUnder
Pressure
StoredUnder
Pressure
6FB-178.9cm120-037
40cm spacercone/DST
6FB-2118.6cm120-046no spacercone/DST
6FB-375cm120-035
stored below1FB-4
cone/DST
as cutscanned again after temporary pressure drop
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Gamma Density (g/cm3)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
P-wave Velocity (m/s)
UT-GOM2-1-H005-7FB
CoreDepth
(m)
X-ray2:1 exagg.
as cut
Q Degas
QDegas
Q Degas
7FB-3115.1cm120-032
5cm spacercone/DST
StoredUnder
Pressure
7FB-5119.6cm120-036no spacercone/DST
StoredUnder
Pressure
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Gamma Density (g/cm3)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
P-wave Velocity (m/s)
UT-GOM2-1-H005-8FB
CoreDepth
(m)
X-ray2:1 exagg.
StoredUnder
Pressure
StoredUnder
Pressure
StoredUnder
Pressure8FB-190.9cm120-049
25cm spacercone/DST
8FB-2118.1cm120-050
no spacerscone/DST
as cutliner lengths do not match scan as core moved during cuts
8FB-374.5cm120-034
43.5cm spacercone/DST
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Gamma Density (g/cm3)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500
P-wave Velocity (m/s)
UT-GOM2-1-H005-9FB
CoreDepth
(m)
X-ray
2:1 exagg.
Rapid Degas
QDegas
as cut (Q4000 data)
QDegas
StoredUnder
Pressure
9FB-3115cm120-048
5cm spacercone/DST
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Gamma Density (g/cm3)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
P-wave Velocity (m/s)
UT-GOM2-1-H005-13FB
CoreDepth
(m)
X-ray2:1 exagg.
as cut
StoredUnder
Pressure
13FB-152cm120-033
70cm spacercone/DST
StoredUnder
Pressure
13FB-2117.9cm120-017
no spacerscone/DST
All stored core sections are now at the UT Austin Pressure Core Center.PCATS X-ray CT images (1.5x horizontal exaggeration) shown for a subset of the stored sections. PCATS Data shown for all stored samples.
Gas Hydrate Pressure Cores from Expedition UT-GOM2-01, Gulf of Mexico, May 2017 .........................Peter Flemings (Chief Scientist)& the UT-GOM2-01 Science Party
75
80
85
90
95
100
PCAT
SX-rayCT
