IBS354 PP Chapter 3 Module 3 & 4
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Transcript of IBS354 PP Chapter 3 Module 3 & 4
Understanding Intercultural Communication Second Edition
Chapter 3
What are the Essential Cultural Value Patterns?
Stella Ting-Toomey & Leeva C. Chung
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
PowerPoint Slides Designed by Alex Flecky and Noorie Baig
MENU
I. Functions of Cultural Values
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions
III. Additional Value Orientations
IV. Individual Socialization Development
V. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables
I. Functions of Cultural Values
A. Analyzing Cultural ValuesB. Identity Meaning FunctionC. Explanatory FunctionD. Motivational FunctionE. Ingroup–Outgroup
Evaluative Function
II. Analyzing Cultural Value DimensionsIDENTITY:
Individualism
Collectivism
Power distance:
Small Large
Uncertainty avoidance:
Weak Strong
Sex roles: Feminine Masculine
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Individualism–Collectivism Value Pattern
Individualistic Cultures
“I” Identity
Nuclear family
Privacy regulation
Individual competition
Personal competence
Direct comm. patterns
Independent self
Collectivistic Cultures
“We” Identity
Extended family
Relational harmony
Teamwork
Ingroup emphasis
Indirect comm. patterns
Interdependent self
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Individualism vs. CollectivismIndividualistic
Cultures“I” Identity
Nuclear family
Privacy regulation
Individual competition
Personal competence
Direct communication patterns
Independent self
Collectivistic Cultures
“We” Identity
Extended family
Relational harmony
Teamwork
Ingroup emphasis
Indirect communication patterns
Interdependent self
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Small–Large Power Distance Value Pattern Small Power Distance
Emphasize interpersonal equality
Children may contradict parents
Younger people are smart
Teachers ask for feedback
Subordinates expect consultation
Informal comm. patterns
Horizontal self
Large Power Distance
Emphasize status based difference
Children should obey parents
Older people are wise
Teachers lecture
Subordinates expect guidance
Formal comm. patterns
Vertical self
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Weak-Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Value Pattern
Weak Uncertainty Avoidance
Uncertainty is valued
Family is dynamic and changing
High mobility in relationships
Challenges are welcome
Encourage risk-taking
Conflict can be positive
High tolerance for ambiguity
Strong Uncertainty Avoidance
Uncertainty is a threat
Reinforce family rules
Low mobility in relationships
Routines are welcome
Encourage clear procedure
Conflict is negative
Low tolerance for ambiguity
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Feminine vs. Masculine Feminine Cultures
Flexible sex roles
Emphasize nurturance
Both genders take initiative
Social adjustment is critical
Work in order to live
Fluid gender communication
Overlapped gender roles
Masculine Cultures
Complementary sex roles
Emphasize achievement
Males take initiative
Academic performance is critical
Live in order to work
“Masculine” toughness vs. “feminine” softness
Clear masculine/feminine gender roles
II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions:
Self-Assessment DiscussionFour-Dimensional Values Inventory
(DVI)
What Factors Shape Your Values’ Development?
Increase Your Self-Awareness of Value Dimensions on Multiple Levels: Cultural/Ethnic, Workplace, Family, and Personal Self.
Dyadic Discussion: Increase Your Awareness of Differences and Similarities between SELF and OTHER. . .
III. Additional Value Orientation PatternsOrientatio
nRange
Meaning Doing
(action-oriented)
Being-in-becoming
(inner developmen
t)
Being
(expressive/
emotional)
Destiny Controlling nature
(mastering)
Harmony with nature
(flow)
Subjugation to nature
(yielding)
Time Future-oriented
(schedule-bound)
Present-oriented
(here-and-now)
Past-oriented
(tradition-bound)
Three Value Orientation Patterns, adapted from Strodbeck (1961 and Kohls (1996)
IV. Individual Socialization Development
Independent versus Interdependent Self-Construal
Horizontal versus Vertical Self-Construal
Internal versus External Locus of Control
V. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables
Observe verbal and nonverbal signals attentively.
Describe specific behaviors with a minimum of distortion.
Generate multiple interpretations of the unfamiliar behaviors.
Suspend ethnocentric evaluation, perform open-ended evaluation.
O =
D =
I =
S =
Flexible intercultural communicators practice the O-D-I-S Method:
Values Exploration Exercise
“PARABLE” Application Exercise
Individual Decision Ranking
Group Discussion
Group Decision Consensus Ranking
In-Class Writing Assignment
Parting Thoughts…
Only if we understand can we care. Only if we care will we help. Only if we help shall they be saved. ~ Jane Goodall