IBS Intergration Service V100R002 Technical Guide（LTE Link Budget） 01-ZH

8/10/2019 IBS Intergration Service V100R002 Technical Guide LTE Link Budget 01-ZH

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Department Name Confidentiality Level

LTE Solutions Design Department Confidential

Document IssueTotal 48 Pages

V2.0

Guide to LTE Link Budget for Indoor Coverage(For Internal Use Only)

Prepared by Li Yadong, Zhang Hao Date 2012-07-27

Reviewed by Date

Approved by Date

Authorized by Date

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All rights reserved


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Guide to LTE Link Budget for Indoor Coverage Confidential

2014-12-19 Huawei confidential Page 2 of 48

Change History

Date Version Change Description Author

2012-05-25 V1.0 Completed the draft. Liu Yadong (ID: 00168824)

2012-07-31 V2.3Modified the document based on

review comments.Zhang Hao (ID: 00133579)


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Contents

Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 4

1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 6

2 Link Budget for DBS+DAS Coverage ....................................................................................... 7

2.1 Design of Link Budget Algorithms ................................................................. ................................................. 7

2.1.1 Function .................................................................................................................................................. 7

2.1.2 Algorithm Design ............................................................. .................................................................... ... 9

2.2 Parameter Settings ................................................................... ...................................................................... . 22

2.2.1 Scenario Parameter ............................................................................................................................... 22

2.2.2 Coverage Dimensioning Parameters ..................................................................................................... 25

2.2.3 RND Application .................................................................................................................................. 28

3 Link Budget for Pico Coverage ................................................................................................. 31

3.1 Design of Link Budget Algorithms ................................................................. ............................................... 31

3.1.1 Function ................................................................................................................................................ 31

3.1.2 Algorithm Design ............................................................. .................................................................... . 33

3.2 Parameter Settings ................................................................... ...................................................................... . 42

3.2.1 Scenario Parameter ............................................................................................................................... 42

3.2.2 Coverage Dimensioning Parameters ..................................................................................................... 44

3.3 RND Application ........................................................... .................................................................... ............. 45


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Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronym or Abbreviation Full Name

ACK/NACK Acknowledgment/Not-acknowledgment

AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding

BBU Baseband Unit

BHSA Busy Hour Session Attempt

BLER Block Error Rate

BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying

CCE Control Channel Element

CINR Carrier-to-Interference and Noise Ratio

CP Cyclic Prefix

CQI Channel Quality Indication

D-BCH Dynamic-Broadcast Channel

DCI Downlink Control Information

DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal

EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power

eNodeB E-URTA Node B

EPRE Energy Per Resource Element

FDD Frequency Division Duplex

FSTD Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity

FTP File Transport Protocol

GSM Global System for Mobile communication

HARQ Hybrid Automatic Retransmission Request

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

IRC Interference Rejection Combining

LNA Low Noise Amplifier


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Acronym or Abbreviation Full Name

LTE Long Term Evolution


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1 OverviewThis document describes the link budget algorithms for the following systems:

1.

Indoor distributed base station (DBS) + distributed antenna system (DAS)

2. Pico

This document provides guidelines for parameter settings in different scenarios as well asusage and specifications of the commercial tool radio network dimensioning (RND).

This document applies to LTE FDD eRAN3.1 and is intended for in-building service (IBS)

and frontline personnel to make plans and designs. The prototype tool used is LTE eRAN3.1FDD Pico & DAS Dimensioning Tool V1.1 (Coverage & Capacity).


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2 Link Budget for DBS+DAS Coverage2.1 Design of Link Budget Algorithms

2.1.1 Function

Link budget for DBS+DAS coverage involves calculation of power, antenna, coverage radius,and data rate.Figure 2-1 shows the procedure of link budget for DBS+DAS coverage.


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Figure 2-1Procedure for DBS+DAS coverage dimensioning

Indoor coverage link budget involves wireless propagation and wired distribution system.

For wireless propagation, the antenna power must be properly planned. The antenna power isdetermined based on the single-antenna coverage distance, designed coverage-edge reference

signal received power (RSRP), and estimated penetration loss. For wired distribution, the loss

from the signal source to the antenna input port must be calculated, including the feedertransmission loss, distribution loss of the splitter and coupler, and dielectric loss (insertionloss).

The eNodeB transmit power can be calculated based on the required antenna power and wired

distribution loss.


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After power calculation, the uplink and downlink coverage-edge data rate can be calculatedbased on the coverage-edge RSRP and signal strength. The number of devices required can be

calculated based on the loss and deployment mode of the wired distribution system.

For detailed description of each calculation step, see section2.1.2.2 "Calculation Procedure."

2.1.2 Algorithm Design

2.1.2.1 Parameter Description

Global parameter

Table 2-1Global parameters of the DBS+DAS system

Parameter Meaning Value Range Default Value

Duplex Mode Duplex mode FDD/TDD FDD

eNB Type eNodeB type Indoor macro

eNodeB/BBU+RRUBBU + RRU

DL PB Downlink power offset 0/1/2/3 1

The indoor distributed eNodeB system uses the following two networking modes:

1. A macro eNodeB is installed in an equipment room and connects to the distributed

antenna system through an RF port on the cabinet top.

2. The BBU and RRU are independently installed and are connected through optical cables

to form a distributed eNodeB system.

Based on the preceding two modes, the dimensioning tool builds different calculation models.

Among global parameters, the power control parameter PB needs to be configured to reduce

the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) power in an orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbol and increase the reference signal (RS) power. At the same time,

the total power remains unchanged to expand the downlink pilot coverage of a cell. PBis acell-level parameter used to calculate the offset between the RS Resource Element (RE)

power and the PDSCH RE power. The offset can be calculated as follows: 10 x log (PB + 1)

The value of PB ranges from 1 to 3 and the default value is 1. In this case, the offset is 3 dB.

Scenario Parameter

Scenario parameters define the link-level propagation environment, link gains, and link loss.


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Table 2-2Scenario parameters of the DBS+DAS system

Parameter Meaning Unit Value Range DefaultValue

Morphology Building type Recreation ground, officebuilding, supermarket,hotel, lounge of anairport, exhibition hall,

parking lot

Lounge ofan airport/Exhibitionhall

Number of Floor Number of floorsin the plannedarea

20

Building Length Building length m 150

Building Width Building width m 30

Height of Floor Height of a floor m 5

Sectorization Number of

sectorsm 5

PropagationModel

Propagationmodel

Keenan-Motley/ITU-RP.1238

ITU-RP.1238

Antenna Gain Indoor antenna

gaindBi 2

Mr Cable Type Type of main

feederAVA5 7/8

Br Cable Type Same-floor feeder

typeAVA5 7/8

eNB Location eNodeB location Edge/middle Middle

Weak CurrentWell Location

Location of weakcurrent well

Corner/MiddleLongSide/MiddleWideSide/Center

Corner

Standard Power Standard power dBm First-class: 15

Second-class: 23

15

Edge RSRP Coverage-edge

RSRPdBm -105

Expected Radius Expected antenna

coverage radiusm 20

Insert Loss Insertion loss dB 0.3

Band Width System

bandwidthMHz 1.4/3/5/10/15/20 10

UL Frequency Uplink frequency MHz 2600


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DL Frequency Downlink

frequencyMHz 2600

Area Cov. Prob. Area coverage

probability95%

In addition, the dimensioning tool builds models based on typical feeders possibly used in the

indoor distribution system.

Table 2-3Cable loss in the DBS+DAS system

EnbCabType Cable

Size

EnbCabLoss100m (dB)

700MHz

900MHz

1700MHz

1800MHz

2.1GHz

2.3GHz

2.5GHz

LDF4 1/2" 6.009 6.855 9.744 10.058 10.961 11.535 12.09

FSJ4 1/2" 9.683 11.101 16.027 16.57 18.137 19.138 20.11

AVA5 7/8" 3.093 3.533 5.04 5.205 5.678 5.979 6.27

AL5 7/8" 3.421 3.903 5.551 5.73 6.246 6.573 6.89

LDP6 5/4" 2.285 2.627 3.825 3.958 4.342 4.588 4.828

AL7 13/8" 2.037 2.333 3.36 3.472 3.798 4.006 4.208

Device Parameter

Typical device parameters on the eNodeB and UE sides are designed as follows: Different

parameters are used for the uplink and downlink. Default values are typical values used forHuawei or other vendors' devices. CS and PS services are supported and body loss of the UE

is considered for voice services.

Table 2-4Device parameter in the DBS+DAS system (1)


Initial Sectorization Number of initialized

sectors5

eNB Antenna Gain eNodeB antenna gain

in the DBS+DAS

system

dBi 2

eNB Max Power Maximum power of

the eNodeBdBm 46


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eNB Body Loss Body loss dB CS: 3

PS: 0

0

eNB Noise Figure Noise coefficient of

the eNodeBdB 2

Table 2-5Device parameter in the DBS+DAS system (2)

Parameter Meaning Unit ValueRange

DefaultValue

UE Max Power Transmit power of the

UE

dBm

23

UE Antenna Gain Antenna gain of theUE

dBi 0

UE Body Loss Body loss of the UE dB CS: 3

PS: 0

0

UE Noise Figure Noise coefficient of

the UEdB 7

UE Cable Loss Cable loss of the UE dB 0

2.1.2.2 Calculation Procedure

Input of Function-related Parameters Standard Power: indicates the standard power (in dBm) of all bandwidths for the antenna.

The default value is 15.Expected Radius: indicates expected coverage radius (in m). Thedefault value is 15.

Expected RSRP: indicates the expected coverage-edge RSRP (in dBm). The default value

is105.

UL/DL RBUsed: indicates the number of RBs used on the uplink and downlink. The

default value is 4 on the uplink and downlink, respectively.

Intermediate Calculation Result

1. Calculate the antenna power and determine the actual coverage radius.

For details about how to determine the antenna coverage radius, see the coverage radius intypical scenarios. Indoor propagation loss is related t to the propagation environment and

frequency band, as shown inTable 2-6.


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Table 2-6Relationship between the antenna coverage radius, scenario, and frequency band in theindoor distributed system

Scenario RecreationGround

OfficeBuilding

Supermarket Hotel Exhibition/Loungeof an Airport

ParkingLot

Antenna

coverageradius

(m)

700

MHz16 19 19 16 100 25

800

MHz16 19 19 16 100 25

900

MHz15 18 18 15 100 25

1500

MHz13 16 16 14 80 20

1800

MHz12 15 15 13 60 20

2100

MHz10 14 14 12 50 20

AWS 10 14 14 12 50 20

2300MHz

10 13 13 12 50 20

2600

MHz9 12 12 11 50 18

When LTE networks are deployed with existing GSM/UMTS networks, the antenna coverage

radius in LTE is set to be the same as that of 2G/3G.

You can use the dimensioning tool to check whether the input coverage radius (expected

radius) can cause the antenna power to exceed the maximum power allowed (indoorelectromagnetic radiation standards adopted in the region) based on coverage-edge RSRP

requirements. If yes, the tool automatically uses the maximum power to calculate the radius.

If no, the input antenna coverage radius is used in the plan.

RSEirp = Expected RSRP + PL + SFM + Dl Penetration Loss - UE Antenna Gain + UE CableLoss + UE Body Loss

//Calculate the antenna power of reference signal (RS) based on the coverage-edge RSRPrequirement, link gain, link loss, and link margin.

Eirp = RSEirp 10log (1+ DlPb) + 10log (Antenna Port)

//Antenna Port = 1 for a single antenna; Antenna Port = 2 for double antennas.Calculate theantenna power for an RE-based bandwidth based on the power control parameter Pb and

number of antenna ports.

TotalPower = Eirp + 10log (TotalRB*12)

//TotalRBequals the number of RBs in 100% load.Calculate the antenna power for allbandwidths based on the number of RBs corresponding to the system bandwidth.

If TotalPower


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Actual antenna power = TotalPower

Actual Radius = Expected Radius

//If the all-bandwidth antenna power is less than or equal to the maximum power allowed, the

antenna coverage radius equals the input value of designed radius.Else

Actual antenna power = Standard Power

RSEirp = Standard Power -10log (Dl Load*TotalRB*12) + 10log (1+ DlPb)

//If the all-bandwidth antenna power exceeds the maximum power allowed, recalculate

RSEirp based on the maximum antenna power.

Eirp = RSEirp 10log (1+ DlPb) + 10log (Antenna Port)

PL = RSEirp - Expected RSRP SFM - Dl Penetration Loss

//Calculate Actual Radiusbased on the propagation model and path loss.

End if

2.

Calculate the number of antennas.

After the antenna coverage radius is determined, the number of antennas required in a

coverage area can be calculated.

To calculate the antenna quantity, ensure that uniform coverage is used in indoor scenariosand the antennas are also uniformly distributed. For the perspective of indoor coverage design,

most indoor buildings use standard square structures. Therefore, the number of antennas canbe calculated based on a two-dimensional rectangular structure (length and width).Figure 2-2

shows the antenna distribution model.

Figure 2-2Antenna distribution model

In addition, to ensure the building edges are within the antenna coverage, two spaces ofr

2

2

are reserved along the length side and width side, respectively. r indicates the coverageradius. In this way, the whole plane of the building is within the coverage area. The distance

between two antennas is R and the overlapped area between two antennas must be considered.Considering the coverage along edges of a building, the dimensioning tool defines R as

follows: rR 2

The number of antennas for each floor can be calculated based on the single-antenna coverage

radius as follows:


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AntNumberperfloor a b

where, aand bindicates the number of antennas along the length side and width side,respectively.

Assume that sectors are uniformly distributed among floors since the signal source powerused by each sector is the same. In this case, the number of antennas for each sector is

calculated as follows:

[ ] [ ]AntNumbersSector i AntNumberperfloor FloorsofSector i

3. Calculate the feeder length.

After determining the antenna quantity, you can calculate the required feeder length based on

the antenna distribution conditions. Feeders can be classified into same-floor feeder and mainfeeder.

Same-floor feeder length

The total length of a same-floor feeder depends on the antenna distribution. After the antennadistribution is determined, the feeder length on each floor can be determined. The length ofsame-floor feeder is calculated for material statistics.

The length of same-floor feeder is calculated as follows:

2int( / 1/ 2) *

2BRCableLengthperFloor BuildLength BuildLength R BuildWidth r

Figure 2-3 show the total length of same-floor feeders in blue.

Considering the number of floors in a building, the total length of same-floor feeders iscalculated as follows:

FloorsrgthperFlooBRCableLengthBRCableLen

Figure 2-3Model for calculating the same-floor feeder length

Main feeder length

The method for calculating the main feeder length in indoor macro networking mode is

different from that in the BBU+RRU networking mode.

In indoor macro networking mode, the BBU may be located on the building edge at the

bottom or between two floors. Therefore, the total main feeder length can be calculated basedon the total number of floors (TotNumOfFloors), floor height (FloorHeight), and signal sourcelocation (eNBLocation).


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Figure 2-4Main feeder length calculation in indoor macro networking mode

Figure 2-4 shows that the main feeder length is the total length of all colorful lines.

Select case eNBLocation

MrCableLength=0; MrCableLength_Down = 0; MrCableLength_Up= 0

Case 1:Edge(location)

For i=1 to SectorNum

Temp = MrCableLength + FloorHeight* FloorNumofSector (i)

MrCableLength = temp + FloorHeight* FloorNumofSector

Next i

Where, FloorNumofSector (i)indicates the number of floors within the coverage of sector

i.

Case 2:Middle(location)

SectorMid = RoundDown (SectorNum/2, 0)

For i = 1 to SectorMid - 1

Temp = MrCableLength_Down + FloorHeight * FloorNumofSector (i)

MrCableLength_Down = Temp + FloorHeight * FloorNumofSector (i)Next i

For i = SectorMid to SectorIndex

Temp = MrCableLength_Up + FloorHeight* FloorNumofSector (i)

MrCableLength_Up = Temp + FloorHeight * FloorNumofSector (i)

Next i

MrCableLength = MrCableLength_Down + MrCableLength_Up

End select

In BBU+RRU networking mode, an RRU may use optical cables and the RRU is located inthe middle of a sector. Therefore, the BBU location and sector quantity do not affect the main

feeder length.

The formula for calculating the main feeder length in BBU+RRU networking mode is asfollows:

MrCableLength = TotNumOfFloors * FloorHeight

4.

Calculate insertion loss.

After antenna distribution is determined, the device quantity required for networking and

other link loss, expect for cable loss, can also be determined. Insertion loss involves passivedevices, including heat loss and connector loss caused by a splitters and a coupler. As the heat

loss is small, the connector loss is generally less than 0.5 dB. The insertion loss is defined as0.3 dB for each device during calculation.

The number of devices required for each floor (DeviceNumperFloor) can be calculated based

on the model shown inFigure 2-5.


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Figure 2-5Device quantity calculation

Considering the floor quantity and networking mode, the total number of devices required fornetworking is calculated as follows:

TotalDeviceNum = DevieceNumperFloor * Build Floor + Build FloorSector Num//in

indoor macro networking mode

TotalDeviceNum = DevieceNumperFloor * Build Floor + Build Floor2*Sector Num//in

BBU+RRU networking mode

Points to consider in calculation are as follows:

The purpose of calculating the antenna quantity and device quantity is to estimate the link loss.In engineering construction, the installation locations of antennas and devices may be

different from those designed in the model. Therefore, you need to reserve a certain marginduring engineering dimensioning.

5.

Calculate the maximum power.

After the antenna power, antenna distribution, and loss are determined, the eNodeB transmitpower used to meet the coverage requirement can be calculated.

Power required for each floor

Power per Floor = FloorPowerCalc (location of the weak current well; actual antenna power

eNodeB antenna gain, 100-m cable loss, Sqr (2) x ActualRadius, insertion loss, a, b)

The dimensioning tool calculates the power per floor based on the following location of a

weak current well: corner, MiddleLongSide, MiddleWideSide, or center, as shown inFigure2-6.This document does not describe the calculation formulas in details.


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Figure 2-6Location of weak current well

Power required for each sector

The power per floor is the same and the power per sector is different. This is because the

number of floors covered by each sector is different. The sector power can also be affected by

the type of signal source and therefore can be calculated based on the type of signal source.

Indoor macro eNodeBs:

The sector power can be calculated based on the eNodeB location by referring to the model

for calculating the main feeder length in indoor macro networking mode.

a)

When the eNodeB is located at the bottom of a building, the sector power is calculated as

follows:

1 floorP P

For = 1 to (1) 1NumFloorsofSector //Consider the number of floors in sector 1.

100

10 10[1] 10 lg(10 10 )

floori PP MrCableLossPer FloorHeight

InnerSectorMaxPowerRequiredSector InsertLoss


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End for

[1] [1] 100*

( 1 (1))

SectorToRRUMaxPowerRequiredSector MaxPowerRequiredSector MrCableLossPer FloorHeight

TotNumofFloors NumFloorsofSector

//Use the firs-floor power as a benchmark to calculate the power of each floor and then calculate the power of sector 1 based on the

cable loss.

//The power of other sectors can be calculated in the same way.

For = 1 to ( ) 1NumFloo rsofSect or SectorNu m

100

10 10[ ] 10lg(10 10 )floori

PP MrCableLossPer FloorHeight

SectorNum InnerSectorMaxPowerRequiredSector InsertLoss

End for

[ ] [ ] 100

* ( 1 ( ))

SectorNum SectorNumSectorToRRU

SectorNum

MaxPowerRequiredSector MaxPowerRequiredSector MrCableLossPer

FloorHeight TotNumofFloors NumFloorsofSector

b)

When the eNodeB is located between floors, the sector power is calculated as follows:

For = 1 to (1) 1NumFloorsofSector //Consider the number of floors in sector 1.

100

10 10ecRe [1] 10lg(10 10 )


InnerS torMaxPower quiredSector InsertLoss

End for

ec ecRe [1] Re [1]

100 ( / 2 1 (1) ) *

S torToRRU InnerS tor MaxPower quiredSector MaxPower quiredSector

MrCableLossPer TotNumofFloors NumFloorsofSector FloorHeight

//Use the firs-floor power as a benchmark to calculate the power of each floor and then calculate the power of sector 1 based on the

cable loss.


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//The power of other sectors can be calculated in the same way.

For = 1 to ( ) 1NumFloorsofSector SectorNum

100

10 10ecRe [ ] 10lg(10 10 )


InnerS torMaxPower quiredSector SectorNum InsertLoss

End for

ec ecRe [ ] Re [ ]

100 ( / 2 ( ) 1) *

S torToRRU InnerS tor MaxPower quiredSector SectorNum MaxPower quiredSector SectorNum

MrCableLossPer TotNumofFloors NumFloorsofSector SectorNum FloorHeight

BBU+RRU:

In BBU+RRU networking mode, an RRU may use optical cables and the RRU is located in

the middle of a sector. Therefore, the BBU location and sector quantity do not affect the mainfeeder length.

1 floorP P //Use the firs-floor power as a benchmark

1 100

10 102 10lg(10 10 )

floorPP MrCableLossPer FloorHeight

P InsertLoss

( )1

2

100

10 10( )

2

10 lg(10 10 )

NumFloorsofSector i

floor

P MrCableLossPer FloorHeightP

NumFloorsofSector iP InsertLoss

( )

2

100

10[ ] 10 lg(2 10 )

NumFloorsofSector iP MrCableLossPer FloorHeight

MaxPowerRequiredSector i

//Calculate the power for the floor above the RRU and that below the RRU and calculate the total sectorpower based on the cable loss.

6.

Calculate the coverage-edge data rate.

After power calculation, the uplink and downlink coverage-edge data rate can be calculated

based on the coverage-edge RSRP and signal strength.

a)

Traffic channel subcarrier EIRP

Uplink subcarrier EIRP = UE Max Power10log (Number of RBs used on the uplink x 12) +

UE Antenna Gain UE Cable LossUE Body Loss

Downlink subcarrier EIRP = RSEirp10log (1+ DlPb) + 10log (Antenna Port)

b)

Minimum signal receive strength of subcarrier

Uplink subcarrier MinSignalStren = Uplink subcarrier EIRPUL PLSFMULPenetration Loss

Downlink subcarrier MinSignalStren = Downlink subcarrier EIRPDL PLSFMDLPenetration Loss

c)

Maximum cable loss

Same-floor cable loss (BrCableLoss):

BrCableLoss = (a + b - 2) * (InsertLoss + BRCable100 * R)//The weak current well is locatedat the corner


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BrCableLoss = (a/2 + b - 2) * (InsertLoss + BRCable100 * R)//The weak current well islocated at the MiddleLongSide.

BrCableLoss = (a + b/2 - 2) * (InsertLoss + BRCable100 * R)//The weak current well islocated at the MiddleWideSide.

BrCableLoss = (a/2 + b/2 - 2) * (InsertLoss + BRCable100 * R)//The weak current well islocated in the center.

Main cable loss (MrCableLoss):

Indoor macro eNodeBs:

MrCableLoss = MRCable100 x Number of floors x Floor height//The eNodeB is located on

the building edge at the bottom.

MrCableLoss = MRCable100 x Number of floors x Floor height/2//The eNodeB is located

between floors.

BBU + RRUMrCableLoss = 0//The BBU connects to the RRU through an optical cable and no loss is

considered.

Then, the maximum cable loss is calculated as follows:

CableLoss = BrCableLoss + MrCableLoss

d)

Subcarrier receive sensitivity

Based on the calculated Cable Loss, the receive sensitivity can be calculated for the uplinkand downlink as follows:

UL Receiver Sensitivity = UL Min Signal Reception + eNB Antenna Gain eNB Body LossCableLoss UL

Interference Margin

DL Receiver Sensitivity = DL Min Signal Reception + UE Antenna GainUE Body LossUE CableLoss

DL Interference Margin

e) SINR and data rate

UL SINR = UL Receiver Sensitivity + 174 - 10 * log (15000) eNB NF

DL SINR = DL Receiver Sensitivity + 174 - 10 * log (15000) UE NF

Based on the uplink and downlink SINR and signal channel, determine two adjacent

modulation orders to have the SINR located between demodulation thresholds correspondingto the two modulation orders. Then, use the linear interpolation method to calculate the code

rates (CodeRate) corresponding to the uplink and downlink SINRs, respectively.

ULEdgeRate = ULRBUsed * ULSchRE*ULModuOrder * ULCodeRate * (1-BLER) - CRC

DLEdgeRate

=DLRBUsed*DLSchRE*DLModuOrder*DLCodeRate*CodeWord*(1-BLER)CRC

where

ULRBUsedindicates the number of RBs used on the uplink.

ULSchRE indicates the number of REs that can be used for services for each pair of RBs.

ULModuOrderindicates the uplink modulation and demodulation order, for example,

64QAM corresponds to modulation order 6 and QPSK corresponds to modulation order 2.


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ULCodeRateindicates the uplink coding rate.

CRCindicates cyclic redundancy code and is 24 bits by default in LTE.

DLRBUsedindicates the number of RBs used on the downlink.

DLSchRE indicates the number of REs that can be used for services for each pair of RBs.

DLModuOrderindicates the downlink modulation and demodulation order, for example,64QAM corresponds to modulation order 6 and QPSK corresponds to modulation order 2.

DLCodeRate indicates the downlink coding rate.

CodeWordindicates the code word used on the downlink, single-stream or dual-stream.

CRCindicates cyclic redundancy code and is 24 bits by default in LTE.

BLER indicates the block error rate and is configured as 10% in the dimensioning tool.

Final Budget Result

Table 2-7Final coverage dimensioning result in the DBS+DAS system

Parameter Meaning Unit

Max Power Required Maximum sector power dBm

BBU Numbers Number of BBUs pcs

RRU Numbers Number of RRUs (number of sectors) pcs

MR Cable Length Total length of main feeder m

BR Cable Length Total length of same-floor feeder m

Antenna Numbers Total number of antennas pcs

Device Numbers Total number of passive devices pcs

Actual Coverage Actual antenna coverage radius m

Actual Edge Power Actual coverage-edge RSRP dBm

Cell Edge Rate Cell-edge data rate kbit/s

2.2 Parameter Settings

2.2.1 Scenario Parameter

2.2.1.1 Morphology

This parameter indicates the building type and has the following options:

Recreation Ground

Office Building


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Supermarket

Hotel

Airport/Show

Park

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual building type and isAirport/Showby default. The building type affects the coverage-edge probability andcalculation result of fading margin.

2.2.1.2 Channel Model

This parameter indicates the indoor signal channel model. Currently, the dimensioning toolsupports the following two models:

Winner II-A1: This signal channel model applies to small office home office (SOHO)scenarios having many rooms and small space, for example, small office, home office,

and hotel. The original definition in 3GPP specifications is as follows:

Winner II-B3: This signal channel model applies to hotspot scenarios having broadindoor space. For example, exhibition center and airport. The original definition in 3GPPspecifications is as follows:

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to

Winner II-A1 by default.

2.2.1.3 Propagation Model

This parameter indicates the propagation model. Currently, the dimensioning tool supports the

following two models:

Keenan-Motley

ITU-R P.1238


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The preceding two propagation models are all based on free-space propagation modelcorrection. ITU-R P.1238 uses different values based on different Frequencyand

Morphology. This can reflect the indoor environment in a true sense and is recommended in

a scenario where there is no special requirement.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set toITU-R P.1238 by default.

2.2.1.4 DL MIMO Scheme

This parameter indicates the MIMO mode used for downlink transmission and has thefollowing options:

12

2x2 SFBC (diversity): Used in scenarios with poor signal conditions; diversity gains are

used to improve the coverage capability.

2x2 MCW (multiplexing): Used in scenarios with good signal conditions; multiplexing

gains are used to enhance the data rate.Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to2x2 MCW by default because the environment for indoor transmission is good.

2.2.1.5 Sight Type

This parameter indicates the indoor line of sight (LOS) type and has the following options:

LOS

NLOS


NLOSby default because cross-wall coverage is required in most cases.

2.2.1.6 UL/DL Penetr Loss

This parameter indicates the uplink and downlink penetration loss (in dB). This parameter is

configured based on the coverage environment and blocking capacity of an obstacle and isgenerally related to the wall thickness and wall quantity.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to20 dB by default on the uplink and downlink.

2.2.1.7 UL/DL Interf Margin

This parameter indicates inter-RAT or intra-RAT interference (in dB). In actual networking,

this parameter reserves the interference margin to prevent signal quality deterioration.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to 2

dB by default on the uplink and downlink.

2.2.1.8 HHO Gain

This parameter indicates the hard-handover gain (in dB). Certain link gains can be brought

when an indoor UE moves and accesses a neighboring cell.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to 2

dB by default because the indoor hard-handover scope is small and the signal strength is notsubstantially different.


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2.2.1.9 UE Tx Power

This parameter indicates the maximum UE transmit power (in dB).

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual device specifications

and is set to 23 dBm by default.

2.2.1.10 UE Antenna Gain

This parameter indicates the UE antenna gain (in dBi).

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual system configurationsand is set to 0 dBi by default.

2.2.1.11 UE Noise Figure

This parameter indicates the UE noise coefficient (in dB).

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual system configurations

and is set to 7 dB by default.

2.2.1.12 UE Cable Loss

This parameter indicates the UE cable loss (in dB).

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual system configurationsand is set to 0 dB by default.

2.2.1.13 UE Body Loss

This parameter indicates the body loss (in dB) on the UE side.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the service type and is set to 0dB for PS services and 3 dB for VoIP services.

2.2.2 Coverage Dimensioning Parameters

2.2.2.1 Building Length

This parameter indicates the building length (in m).

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual building length tobe covered and is set to 150 m by default.

2.2.2.2 Building Width

This parameter indicates the building width (in m).

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual building width to be

covered and is set to 30 m by default.

2.2.2.3 Floor Height

This parameter indicates the floor height (in m).

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual height of a floor to

be covered and is set to 5 m by default.


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2.2.2.4 Building Floors

This parameter indicates the number of floors to be covered.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the number of floors to be

covered and is set to 20 by default.

2.2.2.5 eNB Location

This parameter indicates the location where an eNodeB is located in a building.

Edge //The eNodeB is located at the bottom or top of the building.

Middle //The eNodeB is located in the middle of a building.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual eNodeB location

and is set to Middleby default.

2.2.2.6 Weak Current Well Location

This parameter indicates the location of a weak current well and has the following options:

Corner //The weak current well is located at the corner on a floor.

Middle_LongSide //The weak current well is located in the middle of a floor on thelength side.

Middle_WideSide //The weak current well is located in the middle of a floor on the

width side.

Center //The weak current well is located in the middle of a floor.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual location of a weak

current well and is set to Cornerby default.

2.2.2.7 Insert Loss

This parameter indicates the device insertion loss (in dB).

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual device specifications

and is set to 0.3 dB by default.

2.2.2.8 Br Cable Type

This parameter indicates the same-floor feeder type and is related to calculation of the 100-msame-floor cable loss.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual same-floor feeder

type and is set to AVA5 7/8 by default.

2.2.2.9 Mr Cable Type

This parameter indicates the main feeder type and is related to calculation of the 100-m maincable loss.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual main feeder typeand is set to AVA5 7/8 by default.

2.2.2.10 Initial Sectorization

This parameter indicates the number of initialized sectors and is related to the networking

layout.


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Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the number of floors and is setto 5 by default.

2.2.2.11 eNB Antenna Gain

This parameter indicates downlink transmit antenna gains (in dBi) in the DBS+DAS system.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual product specifications


2.2.2.12 eNB Max Power

This parameter indicates the maximum eNodeB transmit power (in dBm) in the DBS+DAS

system.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual product specifications

and is set to 46 dBm by default.

2.2.2.13 eNB Noise FigureThis parameter indicates the eNodeB noise coefficient (in dB) in the DBS+DAS system.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual product specificationsand is set to 2 dB by default.

2.2.2.14 UE Max Power

This parameter indicates the maximum UE transmit power (in dBm).

Configuration principle: This parameter is set to 23 dBm for LTE UEs in most cases.

2.2.2.15 UE Body Loss

This parameter indicates the body loss (in dB) on the UE side.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the service type and is set to 0

dB for PS services and 3 dB for VoIP services.

2.2.2.16 UE Noise Figure

This parameter indicates the UE noise coefficient (in dB).

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual product specificationsand is set to 7 dB by default.

2.2.2.17 UE CableLossThis parameter indicates the UE cable loss (in dB).

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual system configurations


2.2.2.18 Standard Power

This parameter indicates the maximum allowed effective transmit power for a single antenna

in the DBS+DAS system and is units of dBm.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the electromagneticenvironment and is set to 15 dBm (class-1 standards) by default.


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2.2.2.19 Expected Radius

This parameter indicates the expected coverage radius (in m) for a single antenna in theDBS+DAS system.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on coverage requirements and isset to 20 m by default.

2.2.2.20 Edge RSRP

This parameter indicates the expected coverage-edge RSRP (in dBm).

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on coverage requirements and is

set to105 dBm by default.

2.2.2.21 UL/DL RB Used

This parameter indicates the number of RBs used by a coverage-edge UE on the uplink and

downlink.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual resource conditions andis set to 4 on the uplink and 8 on the downlink.

2.2.3 RND Application

The link budget for indoor coverage of the DBS+DAS system is performed as follows byusing the LTE RND V100R008.

Step 1 Create a DBS+DAS link budget project.

Figure 2-7Creating a DBS+DAS link budget project

Step 2

Configure common parameters for the DBS+DAS system.


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Figure 2-8Configuring common parameters for the DBS+DAS system

Step 3

Configure coverage-related parameters for the DBS+DAS system.

Figure 2-9Configuring coverage-related parameters for the DBS+DAS system

Step 4

Obtain the DBS+DAS coverage result.


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Figure 2-10DBS+DAS coverage result

----End


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3 Link Budget for Pico Coverage3.1 Design of Link Budget Algorithms

3.1.1 Function

Indoor link budget for the pico system includes the following two functions:

Calculating the pico coverage radius based on the known cell-edge data rate

Same as macro eNodeBs, perform the following operations:

1.

Obtain system parameters to calculate the effective subcarrier transmit power, subcarrier

receive sensitivity, and required minimum signal receive strength.

2. Calculate the maximum allowed path loss for the uplink and downlink.

3.

Obtain the pico coverage radius based on the propagation model.


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Figure 3-1Procedure for calculating the pico coverage radius based on the known cell-edge datarate

Start

ULinput

information

DLinput

information

CalculateUEEIRP,

picoreceive

sensitivity,and

minimumpicoreceive

strength.

CalculatepicoEIRP,

UEreceivesensitivity,

andminimumUE

receivestrength.

Calculatemaximum

pathlossallowedfor

theuplink.

Calculatemaximum

pathlossallowedfor

thedownlink.

CalculateULcoverage

radius.

CalculateDLcoverage

radius.

Calculatecellcoverageradiusand

single-eNodeBcoveragearea.

CalculatenumberofeNodeBstobe

planned.

End

Calculating the cell-edge data rate based on the known pico coverage radius

Same as macro eNodeBs, perform the following operations:

1.

Obtain system parameters to calculate the effective subcarrier transmit power, maximum

path loss, subcarrier receive sensitivity, and required minimum signal receive strengthfor the uplink and downlink.

2. Obtain the MCS based on the SINR.

3. Calculate the cell-edge data rate.

4.

Calculate the corresponding coverage radius and cell-edge RSRP corresponding to the

cell-edge data rate.


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Figure 3-2Procedure for calculating the cell-edge data rate based on the known pico coverageradius

Start

ULinput

information

DLinput

information

CalculateUEEIRP

anduplinkmaximum

pathloss.

CalculateUEEIRP

anddownlink

maximumpathloss.

Calculateminimum

picoreceivestrength.

Calculateminimum

UEreceivestrength

Calculatepicoreceive

sensitivity.

CalculateUEreceive

sensitivity.

CalculaterequiredSINRandMCS

order.

Calculatecoverage-edgedatarate

basedonthenumberofRBs.

End

3.1.2 Algorithm Design

3.1.2.1 Parameter Description

Global Parameter

Table 3-1

Global parameters for the pico system

Parameter Meaning Value Range Default Value

Duplex Mode Duplex mode FDD/TDD FDD

PDCCH Overhead Downlink control

channel overhead1 to 4 (symbols) 3

DL PB Downlink poweroffset

0/1/2/3 1


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DL Penetr Loss Downlink

penetrationloss

dB To be configured based

on the building type.30

UL Interf Margin Uplink

interferencemargin


on interferenceconditions.

3

DL Interf Margin Downlink

interference

margin


on interference

conditions.

3

Edge Cov. Prob. Edge coverage

probabilityTo be calculated. 91.30%

HHO Gain Hard handovergain

dB 2

Device Parameter

Table 3-3Device parameters for the pico system

Parameter Meaning Unit Default Value

Tx Power Pico transmit power dBm 24

Antenna Gain Pico antenna gain dBi 2

Noise Figure Pico noise coefficient dB 6

JumConLoss Jumper and connector loss dB 0.5

Cable Loss Pico cable loss dB 0

Table 3-4Device parameters of the UE

Parameter Meaning Unit Default Value Parameter

Tx Power Transmit power of the

UEdBm 23

Antenna Gain Antenna gain of the UE dBi 0

Noise Figure Noise coefficient of the

UEdB 7

Body Loss Body loss dB 3 dB for voice

services and 0 dB

for PS services

0


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Parameter Meaning Unit Default Value Parameter

Cable Loss Cable loss of the UE dB 0

3.1.2.2 Calculation Procedure

To calculate the coverage-edge data rate based on the known pico coverage radius, pay

attention to the following:

Input of Function-related Parameters

1.

UL/DL cell-edge data rate

2.

UL/DL modulation scheme and coding rate


1.

Calculate the effective transmit power of the transmitter.

Uplink:

PUSCH EIRP = UlActualTransPower 10 x log (12 x UlRbNum) + UE Antenna GainUE

Cable LossUE Body Loss

Downlink:

PDSCH EIRP = DlSCHREPower + Pico Antenna GainPico Cable LossJumper andConnector Loss

Parameter definition:

DlSCHREPower: indicates the minimum transmit power (dBm) of the downlink service RE.

DlRETransPower: indicates the downlink subcarrier transmit power (dBm).

DlSCHREPower_A: indicates the service subcarrier transmit power (dBm) for symbol A.

DlSCHREPower_B: indicates the service subcarrier transmit power (dBm) for symbol B.

DlRsPerOFDM12Carrier_B:indicates the number of REs used by RS on an RB for symbolB.

AntennaPortNum: indicates the number of ports mapped from eNodeB antennas and has thefollowing values.

Table 3-5

Port mapping in various MIMO modes

DL MIMO Scheme Port

1x2 1

2x2 SFBC 2

2x2 MCW 2

AB / : indicates the power linear ratio of symbol B to symbol A, as listed inTable 3-6.


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Table 3-6Mapping between BP

and AB /

BP AB /

One Antenna Port 2 and 4 Antenna Ports0 1 5/4

1 4/5 1

2 3/5 3/4

3 2/5 1/2

DlUnusedREPerOFDM12Carrier_B: indicates the number of REs not used on an RB forsymbol B as listed inTable 3-7.

Table 3-7Number of REs not used among 12 REs for each OFDM symbol

AntennaPortNum DlUnusedREPerOFDM12Carrier_B

1 0

Other 2

DlTotalSCHRENum_B:indicates the total of REs used for data transmission for symbol B.

Calculating the downlink subcarrier transmit powerDlSCHREPower = Min (DlSCHREPower_A, DlTotalSCHRENum_B) +

10log(AntennaPortNum)

Calculate the downlink subcarrier transmit power of symbol A.

DlSCHREPower_A = DlActualTransPower10log(AntennaPortNum)10log(DlRBNeed*12)

Calculate the downlink subcarrier transmit power of symbol B.

DlTotalSCHRENum_B = DlRBNeed*(122) //2 indicates the number of REs used by RS onan RB for symbol B.

DlSCHREPower_B = DlSCHREPower_A + 10log ( AB / ) //Indicates the subcarrier

transmit power for symbol B.

2. Calculate the receiver sensitivity.

In this step, the demodulation threshold for traffic channel is searched based on the cell-edgeMCS. The demodulation threshold is related to the channel type, frequency, and MIMO mode.

Definition of sensitivity

Calculate the uplink receiver sensitivity.

Pico Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier =174 + 10log (15000) + Pico NF+UL SINR

Calculate the downlink receiver sensitivity.


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UE Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier=174 + 10log (15000) + UE NF + DL SINR

15000is the bandwidth of a single carrier (15 kHz).

174is in units of dBm/Hz and indicates the power spectrum density of back noise.

Determining uplink/downlink SINR

Use the optimized number of uplink RBs being an integer to calculate the effective UL

CodeRatee and obtain the uplink demodulation performance of the corresponding channel.

Then, find the corresponding uplink SINR based on the effective UL CodeRate by using thelinear interpolation method.

Use the number of downlink RBs to calculate the effective DL CodeRate and obtain thedownlink demodulation performance of the corresponding channel. Then, find thecorresponding downlink SINR based on the effective DL CodeRate by using the linear

interpolation method. Consider the factor that the dual-stream coding rate doubles thesingle-stream coding rate.

3.

Calculate the minimum signal receive strength on the receiver side.

Uplink:

UL Min Signal Reception/Subcarrier = Pico Receiver Sensitivity/SubcarrierPico AntennaGainPico Cable LossPico JumperConnectorLoss+UL Interference Margin;

Downlink:

DL Min Signal Reception/Subcarrier = UE Receiver Sensitivity/SubcarrierUE Antenna

GainUE Cable Loss UE JumperConnectorLossUE Body Loss+DL InterferenceMargin;

4. Calculate the maximum allowed path loss.

Uplink:

UL Max Allowed Path Loss = PUSCH EIRP UL Min Signal Reception/Subcarrier

Penetration LossShadow Fading Margin

Downlink:

DL Max Allowed Path Loss = PDSCH EIRP DL Min Signal Reception/SubcarrierPenetration LossShadow Fading Margin

5.

Calculate the coverage radius.

If the propagation model is Keenan-Motley:

Use the Keenan-Motley model to calculate the distance based on the known path loss PL (dB) as follows:

20

)log(205.32

10

fPL

d

where

d indicates the distance (in km) between the eNodeB and the UE antenna.

f indicates the frequency (in MHz).

If the propagation model is ITU-R P.1238:

NOTE


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Use the ITU-R P.1238 model to calculate the distance based on the known path loss PL (dB)as follows:

N

fPL

d

28)log(20

10

where

d indicates the distance (in m) between the eNodeB and the UE antenna.


Nindicates the distance loss coefficient and has the following values:

Frequency RecreationGround/Hotel

OfficeBuilding

Supermarket Lounge of anAirport/Exhibitionhall/ParkingLot

700 MHz, 800 MHz,

900 MHz30 33 22 20

1500 MHz, 1800 MHz,

2100 MHz, AWS, 2300MHz, 2600 MHz

28 30 20 20

The slow fading margin and penetration loss have been considered in other steps and therefore are notincluded in the propagation model formulas.

6. Calculate the cell-edge RSRP.

Coverage-edge RSRP indicates the RSRP based on the minimum coverage radius between the

uplink and downlink and can be calculated as follows:

RSPower = DlSCHREPower_A + 10log (1+Pb)

Where, DlSCHREPower_Aindicates the subcarrier transmit power for symbol A.

Calculate the coupling loss based on the minimum coverage radius between the uplink and

downlink as follows:

CoupleLoss = DL PL (Min(UL Radius, DL Radius))

Pico Antenna Gain + Pico Cable Loss+ Pico Body Loss UE Antenna Gain + UE Cable Loss + UE Body Loss + DL Penetration

Loss + SFM

Where, DL PL (Min (UL Radius, DL Radius)) indicates the downlink path loss based on the

minimum value between uplink radius and downlink radius.

Then,

Coverage-edge RSRP = RSPowerCoupleLoss

7.

Calculate the single-eNodeB coverage area.

NOTE


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Pico sectors described in this document are omni-directional sectors in hexagons in thetopology. The single-eNodeB coverage area can be obtained based on the calculated coverage

radius.

Cover Area per Pico = 3/2*sqr(3)* Effective Radius^2

8.

Calculate the number of eNodeBs to be deployed.

Calculate the number of eNodeBs to be planned based on the number of floors, area of eachfloor, number of floors covered by each pico eNodeB, and single-eNodeB coverage area.

CovAreaPerFloor TotNumOfFloorsNumOfPico

CovAreaPerPico NumOfFloorsPerPico

Final Budget Result

Table 3-8Coverage radius calculated based on the known cell-edge data rate


Coverage Radius Pico coverage radius m

Cover Area per Pico Coverage area of each pico m2

Number of Pico Needed Number of pico eNodeBs required Piece

ESRP Cell-edge RSRP dBm

To calculate the Cell-Edge Data Rate Based on the Known Pico Coverage Radius, Payattention to the following

Input of Function-related Parameters

Number of RBs used on the uplink and downlink: 4 RBs for the uplink and downlink,

respectively.


1. Calculate the effective transmit power of the transmitter.

For details, see section3.1.2 3.1.2.2 "Calculation Procedure."

2.

Calculate the maximum allowed path loss.

If the propagation model is Keenan-Motley:

Use the Keenan-Motley model to calculate the path loss based on the known distance d (m)as follows:

)log(20)log(205.32 dfPL

where

PL indicates the path loss (in dB) corresponding to the distance.



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If the propagation model is ITU-R P.1238:

Use the ITU-R P.1238 model to calculate the path loss based on the known distance d (m)as follows:

28)log()log(20 dNfL

where

PL indicates the path loss (in dB) corresponding to the distance.


The slow fading margin and penetration loss have been considered in other steps and therefore are notincluded in the propagation model formulas.

3.

Calculate the minimum signal receive strength on the receiver side.

UL Min Signal Reception = PUSCH EIRPUL PLUL Penetration Loss SFM

DL Min Signal Reception = PDSCH EIRPDL PLDL Penetration Loss SFM

4.

Calculate the receiver sensitivity.

Uplink:

Pico Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier = UL Min Signal Reception/SubcarrierPico Antenna

GainPico Cable LossPico jumperConnectorLoss + UL Interference Margin;

Downlink:

UE Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier = DL Min Signal Reception/SubcarrierUE Antenna

Gain

UE Cable Loss

UE JumperConnectorLoss

UE Body Loss + DL InterferenceMargin;

5.

Calculate the required SINR and throughput.

Calculate the uplink/downlink SINR.

Calculate the uplink SINR.

UL SINR =174 10log (15000) Pico NF + Pico Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier

Calculate the downlink SINR.

DL SINR = 174 10log (15000) UE NF + UE Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier

Select the MCS based on the SINR and calculate the throughput.

Based on the uplink and downlink SINR and signal channel, determine two adjacent

modulation orders to have the SINR located between demodulation thresholds corresponding

to the two modulation orders. Then, use the linear interpolation method to calculate the coderates (CodeRate) corresponding to the uplink and downlink SINRs, respectively.

ULEdgeRate = ULRBUsed*ULSchRE*ULModuOrder*ULCodeRate*(1-BLER)CRC

DLEdgeRate=DLRBUsed*DLSchRE*DLModuOrder*DLCodeRate*CodeWord*(1-BLER)CRC

6. Calculate the cell-edge RSRP.

NOTE


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Cell-edge RSRP indicates the RSRP based on the minimum coverage radius between theuplink and downlink and can be calculated as follows:

RSPower = DlSCHREPower_A + 10log (1+Pb)

Where, DlSCHREPower_A indicates the coverage subcarrier transmit power for symbol A.Calculate the downlink coupling loss as follows:

DlCoupleLoss = DL PLPico Antenna Gain + Pico Cable Loss + Pico Body Loss UEAntenna Gain + UE Cable Loss + UE Body Loss + DL Penetration Loss + SFM

Then:

Cell-edge RSRP = RSPower CoupleLoss

Final Budget Result

Table 3-9

Cell-edge data rate calculated based on the known pico coverage radius


Cell Edge Rate Cell-edge data rate kbit/s

ESRP Cell-edge RSRP dBm

3.2 Parameter Settings

3.2.1 Scenario Parameter

3.2.1.1 Morphology

This parameter indicates the building type and has the following options:

Recreation Ground

Office Building

Supermarket

Hotel

Airport/Show Park

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual building type and is

Airport/Showby default.

3.2.1.2 Channel Model

This parameter indicates the indoor signal channel model. Currently, the dimensioning toolsupports the following two models:

Winner II-A1: This signal channel model applies to SOHO scenarios having many roomsand small space, for example, small office, home office, and hotel.


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Winner II-B3: This signal channel model applies to hotspot scenarios having broadindoor space, for example, exhibition center and airport.


Winner II-A1 by default.

3.2.1.3 Propagation Model

This parameter indicates the propagation model. Currently, the dimensioning tool supports thefollowing two models:

Keenan-Motley

ITU-R P.1238

The preceding two propagation models are all based on free-space propagation model

correction. ITU-R P.1238 uses different values based on different FrequencyandMorphology. This can reflect the indoor environment in a true sense.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set toITU-R P.1238 by default.

3.2.1.4 DL MIMO Scheme

This parameter indicates the MIMO mode used for downlink transmission and has thefollowing options:

1x2

2x2 SFBC (diversity):poor signal conditions; diversity gains are used to improve thecoverage capability.

2x2 MCW (multiplexing): good signal conditions; multiplexing gains are used to

enhance the data rate.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to2x2 MCW by default because the environment for indoor transmission is good.

3.2.1.5 Sight Type

This parameter indicates the indoor line of sight (LOS) type and has the following options:

LOS

NLOS


NLOSby default because cross-wall coverage is required in most cases.

3.2.1.6 UL/DL Penetr Loss

This parameter indicates the uplink and downlink penetration loss (in dB). This parameter is

configured based on the coverage environment and blocking capacity of an obstacle and isgenerally related to the wall thickness and wall quantity.

Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to20 dB by default on the uplink and downlink.

3.2.1.7 UL/DL Interf Margin

This parameter indicates inter-RAT or intra-RAT interference (in dB). In actual networking,

this parameter reserves the interference margin to prevent signal quality deterioration.


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Figure 3-3Creating a pico link budget project

3. To configure basic parameters, in the displayedNewproject window, click CommonInput Parameters in the navigation tree of the Network Dimensioning area and

configure related parameters in the pane on the right.

Figure 3-4Common parameter input

4.

To calculate the pico coverage radius, in the displayed Newproject window, chooseData Channel Link Budget > Data Channel Cell Radius Budget in the navigation treeof the Network Dimensioningarea, configure related parameters in the pane on the right,

and then clickCalculate.


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Figure 3-6Calculated pico cell-edge data rate

IBS Intergration Service V100R002 Technical Guide（LTE Link Budget） 01-ZH

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Transcript of IBS Intergration Service V100R002 Technical Guide（LTE Link Budget） 01-ZH