Corporate Financial Reporting

IAS 1– Presentation of Financial Statements

• Objective of IAS 1The objective of IAS 1 is to prescribe the

basis for presentation of general purpose financial statements, to ensure comparability both with the entity's financial statements of previous periods and with the financial statements of other entities.

Contents:

• It sets out the overall framework and responsibilities for the presentation of financial statements,

• guidelines for their structure and minimum requirements for the content of the financial statements,

• Standards for recognising, measuring, and disclosing specific transactions are addressed in other Standards and Interpretations.

Objective of Financial Statements

is to provide information about:•   The financial position,•   Financial performance, and•    Cash flows of an entityTo meet that objective, financial statements

provide information about an entity's: • Assets, Liabilities and Equity.• Income and expenses, including gains and

losses.• Cash flows.

Components of Financial Statements

A complete set of financial statements should include:

1. a statement of financial position at the end of the period,

2. a statement of comprehensive income for the period,

3. a statement of changes in equity for the period,4. statement of cash flows for the period, 5. notes, comprising a summary of accounting

policies and other explanatory notes.

Structure and Content of Financial Statements in General

1.Clear Identification In an annual report:•  the financial statements•  the reporting enterprise•  whether the statements are for the

enterprise or for a group•  the date or period covered•  the presentation currency• the level of precision (thousands,

millions, etc.)

2. Reporting Period

• There is a presumption that financial statements will be prepared at least annually.

• If the annual reporting period changes and financial statements are prepared for a different period, the entity must disclose the reason for the change and a warning about problems of comparability.

The Statement of Financial Position

An entity must normally present a classified SFP, separating current and noncurrent assets and liabilities.

Current Assets Vs Non Current Assets

Current Assets• Are cash; cash equivalent; assets

held for collection, sale, or consumption within the enterprise's normal operating cycle;

• or assets held for trading within the next 12 months.

• All other assets are noncurrent.

Current Libilities Vs Non Current Libilities

Current Libilities• Are those to be settled within the

enterprise's normal operating cycle or due within 12 months,

• or those held for trading, or those for which the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer payment beyond 12 months. Other liabilities are noncurrent.

Minimum items to be presented on the face of SFP

a.       Property, plant and equipment;b.      Investment property;c.       Intangible assets;d.      Financial assets (excluding amounts shown under

(e), (h) and (i));e.       Investments accounted for using the equity method;f.        Biological assets;g.       Inventories;h.       Trade and other receivables;i.         Cash and cash equivalents;

Minimum items to be presented on the face of SFP

j.        Trade and other payables;k.      Provisions;l.         Financial liabilities (excluding amounts

shown under (j) and (k));m.     Liabilities and assets for current tax, as

defined in IAS 12;n.       Deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax

assets, as defined in IAS 12;o.      Minority interest, presented within equity;

andp.      Issued capital and reserves attributable to

equity holders of the parent

Format of the balance sheet• Different forms of presentation of

Balance Sheet• Assets can be presented current then

noncurrent, or vice versa, and liabilities and equity can be presented current then noncurrent then equity, or vice versa. A net asset presentation (assets minus liabilities) is allowed.

Format of the balance sheet

• Regarding issued share capital and reserves, the following disclosures are required:

• numbers of shares authorised, issued and fully paid, and issued but not fully paid

• par value• reconciliation of shares outstanding• description of rights, preferences• treasury shares, including shares held by subsidiaries

and associates• shares reserved for issuance under options &

contracts• a description of the nature & purpose of each reserve

Information to be disclosed on the face of profit and loss account

• Revenues• Financial costs• Profit/loss of associates and joint ventures• Tax expense• Profit and loss from ordinary activities• Extraordinary items• Net profit or loss for the period

Information to be disclosed in the Equity statement

The enterprise should present a separate component showing the following:

1. Net profit or loss for the period2. Any gain or loss that is required to be

recognized directly in equity3. Capital transactions with owners4. Balances of accumulated profit or losses5. A reconciliation of equity capital, share

premium and reserves

Notes to the Financial StatementsThe notes must:• Present information about the basis of

preparation of the financial statements and the specific accounting policies used;

• Disclose any information required by IFRSs that is not presented on the face of the balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, or cash flow statement; and

Notes to the Financial Statements• Provide additional information that

is not presented on the face of the balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, or cash flow statement that is deemed relevant to an understanding of any of them.

Notes to the Financial Statements

IAS 1 suggests that the notes should normally be presented in the following order:

• a statement of compliance with IFRSs;• a summary of significant accounting policies

applied, including:• the measurement basis (or bases) used in

preparing the financial statements; and• the other accounting policies used.

Responsibility of Financial Statements

The board of directors or the governing body of the enterprise are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements.The financial statements should be presented at least once in a year.The financial statements should be made available to the public within 6-months of balance sheet date.

Comparative Figures

2002Current AssetsNon Current AssetsCurrent LiabilitiesLong term liabilitiesEquityRevenuesExpenses

2001Current AssetsNon Current AssetsCurrent LiabilitiesLong term liabilitiesEquityRevenuesExpenses

Assignment

• Check the application of IAS 1 in an annual report.