I AM

AMAZING!What makes you unique?

GENES AND ENVIRONMENT

You inherit your Genes from your parents

Genes are made up of sections of DNA

The environment can also influence your genes

WHERE IS MY DNA?

Found in nucleus of cells

FINGERPRINTS

These are unique but did you know you have a

unique DNA fingerprint

EXTRACTING/ANALYSING DNA

Relatively easy from cells.

WHY DO WE EXTRACT DNA?

WHY DO WE EXTRACT DNA?

WHAT IS BLOOD COMPOSED OF?

Liquid part=plasma

Plasma contains cells

WHAT IS PLASMA?

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood which

carries everything else.

Plasma is a straw-yellow coloured liquid

If everything in plasma was removed, plasma

would look like this

WHAT DO THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF BLOOD

LOOK LIKE UNDER A MICROSCOPE?

Red

blood

cells

White

blood

cells

WHAT IS THE JOB OF RED BLOOD CELLS?

They have a round, flat disc shape for a large surface area

They do not have a nucleus

They contain haemoglobin which combines with oxygen in areas of high concentration to form oxyhaemoglobin

Oxygen + haemoglobin oxyhaemoglobin

Red blood cells carry oxygen to the cells of the body for use in respiration

HAEMOGLOBIN

gives red blood cells their colour

can carry up to 4 molecules of O2

associates and dissociates with O2

contains iron

WHAT DO PLATELETS DO?

Platelets are fragments of cells

The job of platelets is to help blood clot and form a scab

The platelets are involved in the formation of fibrin, which is needed for clotting blood

This is useful for stopping bleeding, and for preventing germs from entering the body through the cut

WHAT DO WHITE BLOOD CELLS DO?

White blood cells

help the body to

fight invading

bacteria

White blood cells

will engulf and

ingest invading

bacteria

OTHER IMPORTANT JOBS OF THE WHITE

BLOOD CELLS:

They produce

antibodies which can

recognise and fight

bacteria

They produce

antitoxins which

neutralise the toxins

(poisons) that bacteria

produce, which make

us feel ill

SUMMARY OF THE COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

BLOOD TYPE

Not everyone has the

same blood type!

Blood type refers to

features of the person’s

red blood cells.

There are hundreds of

these different

features.

BLOOD TYPE

The ABO blood groups

are the features most

people know about.

In this group, there are

4 different types of red

blood cells -- A, B, AB,

and O.

BLOOD TYPE Th Rh blood groups are

the next most familiar types.

People whose red cells have a particular feature called the “ D antigen” are Rh positive. People who lack the factor are Rh negative.

Most people are Rh positive.

WHICH BLOOD TYPE IS MOST

COMMON?

Blood Type and Rh Factor Percentage of People

A + 34%

A - 6%

B + 8%

B - 1%

AB + 3%

AB - 1%

O + 40%

O - 7%

BLOOD TYPING IN THE LAB

We can use a test to determine blood type

This could have many uses

EXPLAINING THE RESULTS

Blood Group 'A': Red blood cells have the 'A

antigen' and the plasma contains anti-B antibodies.

Blood Group 'B': Red blood cells have the 'B

antigen' and the plasma contains anti-A antibodies.

Blood Group 'AB': Red blood cells have both, A

and B-antigen, and the plasma contains neither

anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

Blood Group 'O': Red blood cells have neither A

nor B antigen, and the plasma contains both anti-A

and anti-B antibodies.

CARRY OUT BLOOD TYPING PRACTICAL

OBSERVE SLIDES OF BLOOD CELLS