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HYPERTENSION

PRESENTED BY:GROUP B

Second Year Nursing StudentsRichelle Anne B. Correa, RN

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What is Hypertension?

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- is a sustained systolic blood pressure of 140mmHg or more and sustained Diastolic Blood

Pressure of 90 mmHg or more in at least 2 visits at

1 week interval. (JNC 7)

Often called the SILENT KILLER that usuallycauses no symptoms until it reaches a life-

threatening stage.

hypertension

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PRIMARYAlso called essential and Idiopathic

Hypertension

The cause is unknownSECONDARY

Caused by primary diseases such as renal

disease.

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CLASSIFICATION OF

HYPERTENSION

Category Systolic

(mmHg)

Diastolic

(mmHg)

Normal

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SYMPTOMS OFHYPERTENSION

May be asymptomaticCommon symptoms1. Headache2. Morning headache3. Dizziness

4. Nausea/ Vomiting5. Shortness of breath6. Chest pain7. Heart palpitation8. Nuchal pain

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1. Anxiety

2. Nose bleeds3. Fatigue4. General feeling ofunwellness

5. Changes in vision6. Blurred vision7. Double vision8. Increase sweating

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9. Tinnitus10. Confusion

11. Convulsion12. Papilloedema13. Flushed face14. Pale skin

15. Red skin

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Risk factors:

FAMILY

HISTORY

People withpositive familyhistory ofhypertension are

twice at risk thanthose with nohistory.

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OBESITY

Risk for hypertension is two times greater amongoverweight /obese compared to people of normal

weight and three times more than that of underweight

persons

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EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL

INTAKERegular consumption of three or more

drinks per day increased risk of

hypertension.

Systolic pressures were more markedlyaffected than diastolic pressures.

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Smoking

Cigarette smoking elevates the blood pressure level

by 5 to 10 mm Hg during the day. The first cigaretteof the day has this particular effect on the smoker's

body. It has been found by a study that cigarette

smoking increases the systolic blood pressure count

by at least 20 mm Hg

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prevention

1. Shed those extra

pounds and

move a little

Brisk walking for30 to 45 minutes

three times eachweek.

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a. Remove the saltshaker from the table

b. Cut back on snacks

c. Read the label on every type of food you buy.

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Encourage regularcheck ups to those

person who are at

risk.

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Treatment

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Thiazide diuretics. Diuretics,

sometimes called "water pills," are

medications that act on your kidneys

to help your body eliminate sodium

and water, reducing blood volume.

Beta blockers. These medications

reduce the workload on your heart

and open your blood vessels,

causing your heart to beat slower

and with less force.

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Calcium channel blockers. These medications help relax

the muscles of your blood vessels. Some slow your heart

rate. A word of caution for grapefruit lovers, though.

Grapefruit juice interacts with some calcium channelblockers, increasing blood levels of the medication and

putting you at higher risk of side effects.

Renin inhibitors. Aliskiren (Tekturna) slows down the

production of renin, an enzyme produced by your kidneys that

starts a chain of chemical steps that increases blood pressure.

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Alpha blockers. These medicationsreduce nerve impulses to blood

vessels, reducing the effects of

natural chemicals that narrow blood

vessels.

Alpha-beta blockers. In addition to

reducing nerve impulses to blood

vessels, alpha-beta blockers slowthe heartbeat to reduce the amount

of blood that must be pumped

through the vessels.

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