Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic …978-1-4684-3617... · 2017. 8. 28. ·...
Transcript of Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic …978-1-4684-3617... · 2017. 8. 28. ·...
Hydrocarbons and
Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the
Aquatic Environment
Environmental Science Research
Editorial Board
Alexander Hollaender Associated Universities, Inc. Washington, D.C.
Ronald F. Probstein Massachusetts Institu te of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts
Bruce L. Welch Environmental Biomedicine Research, Inc. and The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
Recent Volumes in this Series
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Volume 8 - HARVESTING POLLUTED WATERS: Waste Heat and Nutrient-Loaded Effluents in the Aquaculture Edited by O. Devik
Volume 9 - PERCEIVING ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: Research and Applications Edited by Kenneth H. Craik and Ervin H. Zube
Volume 10 - PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS Edited by Mohammed Abdul Quddus Khan
Volume 11 - BIOLOGICAL CONTROL BY AUGMENTATION OF NATURAL ENEMIES: Insect and Mite Control with Parasites and Preda tors Edited by R. L. Ridway and S. B. Vinson
Volume 12 - PENTACHLOROPHENOL: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Environmental Toxicology Edited by K. Rango Rao
Volume 13 - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS: Detection and Measurement Edited by Taft Y. Toribara, James R. Coleman, Barton E. Dahneke, and Isaac Feldman
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Volume 16 - HYDROCARBONS AND HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT Edited by B. K. Afghan and D. Mackay
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Hydrocarbons and
Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the
Aquatic Environment
Edited by
B.K.Afghan National Water Research Institute
Burlington, Ontario, Canada
and D. Mackay
University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Associate Editors
H. E. Braun A. S. Y. Chau J. Lawrence D. R. S. Lean
O. Meresz J. R. W. Miles R. C. Pierce G. A. V. Rees
R. E. White D. M. Whittle D. T. Williams
PLENUM PRESS . NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Symposium on the Analysis of Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment, McMaster University, 1978. Hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment.
(Environmental science research; v. 16) Proceedings of the symposium, held May 23-25, 1978, and organized by the
National Water Research Institute, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, and the Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto.
Includes index. 1. Hydrocarbons-Environmental aspects-Congresses. 2. Halocarbons-Environ
mental aspects-Congresses. 3. Hydrocarbons-Analysis-Congresses. 4. HalocarbonsAnalysis-Congresses. 5. Water-Pollution-Environmental aspects-Congresses. I. Afgha, B. K. II. Mackay, D. III. Canada. National Water Research Institute. IV. University of Toronto. Institute for Environmental Studies. V. Title. QH545.H92I54 1978 574.5'263 79-26462 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3619-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3617-4
e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3617-4
Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Analysis of Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment, held in Ontario, Canada, May 23-25,1978.
© 1980 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1980 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N. Y. lOOll
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfJ1ming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE ANALYSIS OF
HYDROCARBONS AND HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS
H.E. Braun O. Meresz J.R.H. Miles R. Pierce G.A.V. Rees G. Rosenblatt R.E. Hhite D. T. Hilliams
Program Committee
B.K. AFGHAN General Chairman
D. MACKAY Co-Chairman
B.F. Scott Secretary and Budget Director
R. Knechtel Arrangements
ORGANIZED BY
A.S.Y. Chau J. Lawrence D.R.S. Lean F.I. Onuska D.M. \.Jhittle J.J. Lichtenberg T. Meiggs J. McGuire
National Hater Research Institute Canada Centre for Inland Haters
Burlington, Ontario
and
Institute of Environmental Studies University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
v
CO-SPONSORS
National Health and Welfare Ottawa, Ontario
Water Quality Branch (Ontario Region) Burlington, Ontario
Great Lakes Biolimnology Laboratories Burlington, Ontario
Contaminants Control Branch, EPS Ottawa, Ontario
Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Environment Rexdale, Ontario
SUPPORTERS
Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ontario
Wastewater Technology Centre, EPS Burlington, Ontario
International Joint Commission Windsor, Ontario
National Research Council Ottawa, Ontario
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food
International Standards Organization
Chemical Institute of Canada, Analytical Chemistry Division
Great Lakes Fisheries Laboratory Ann Arbor, Michigan
vi
PREFACE
This volume contains papers selected from those presented at the International Symposium on the Analysis of Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment, May 23-25, 1978. The Symposium was organized by the National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada and the Institute for Environmental Studies of the University of Toronto.
The purpose of the Symposium and of this volume was to bring together information on the analyses, behaviour and effects of hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons on the aquatic environment. This class of contaminants presents many difficult analytical problems, and to a large extent our ability to identify environmental problems and assess their severity, depends on the availability of proved analytical techniques. By exposing workers in this field to the techniques and results of others we hope that progress can be made towards solving the many problems caused by these substances.
The papers in this volume are divided into five categories: two plenary session addresses given by J.P. Bruce and O. Hutzinger, 11 papers describing quantitative analytical results, 12 papers on analytical methods, 9 papers on incidence, monitoring and pathways; and finally, 13 papers on drinking water, health and biological effects.
We were fortunate in having the support of the many organizations and individuals listed after this preface. In particular we thank B.F. Scott and R. Knechtel for their help in organizing the Symposium, S. Paterson, C. Straka, B. Reuber, A. Bobra, R. Wan, S. Austin, G.E. Toll and B. Missen for their help in publishing the proceedings, and the session chairmen and associate editors for their help at the Symposium and later in reviewing and assembling these proceedings. The success of the Symposium and this volume is largely attributable to the enthusiasm and efforts of these individuals. We are deeply indebted to them.
B. Afghan and D. Mackay
Keynote Address J.P. Bruce
CONTENTS
Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment: Some Thoughts on the Philosophy and Practice of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
O. Hutzinger and A.A.M. Roof
The Sampling and Measurement of Hydrocarbons in Natural Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.W. de Lappe, R.W. Risebrough, A.M. Springer, T.T. Schmidt, J.C. Shropshire, E.F. Letterman, and J.R. Payne
A Fast Quantitative Analysis of a Wide Variety of Halogenated Compounds in Surface-, Drinking-, and Groud-Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G.J. Piet, P. Slingerland, G.H. Bijlsma, and C. Morra
Adsorption of Insecticide Residues - ImDortance in Environmental Sampling and Analysis . . . .
J.R.W. Miles
Methodology for the Isolation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Qualitative, Quantitative, and Bioassay Studies ............ .
R.F. Severson, M.E. Snook, R.F. Arrendale, and O.T. Chortyk
Benzo(a)pyrene in the Marine Environment: Analytical Techniques and Results ....
B.P. Dunn
Chromatographic and Spectral Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Air and Water Environments . . . . . . . .
M. Katz, T. Sakuma, and H. Tosine
IX
1
9
29
69
81
91
109
121
x
Presence and Potential Significance of o-o'-Unsubstituted PCB Isomers and Trace Ar~clor® 1248 and 1254 Impurities
D.L. Stalling, J.N. Huckine, and J.D. Petty
Analysis of Mirex in Lake Sediments: Problems and Solutions ..... .
A.S.Y. Chau
Chloro-Organic Compounds in the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin
P.H. Peterman, J.J. Delfino, D.J. Dube, T.A. Gibson, and F.J. Priznar
The Determination and Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Source and Treated Waters ....• .....
R.I. Crane, B. Crathorne, and M. Fielding
Multicomponent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Analysis of Inland Water and Sediment . . . . .
W.H. Griest
An Evaluation of Purging Methods for Organics in Water ........•.......
K.W. Lee, R.G. Oldham, G.L. Sellman" L.H. Keith, L.P. Provost, P.H. Lin and D.L. Lewis
CONTENTS
131
141
145
161
173
185
Determination of Purgeable Organics in Sediment . • • . .. 201 D.N. Speis
Analysis of Headspace Gases for Parts Per Billion Concentrations of Volatile Organic Contaminants in Water Samples by Gas Chromatography . . . . .
D.A.J. Murray
Evaluation of Analytical Techniques for Assessment of Treatment Processes for Trace Halogenated Hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . .
M. Pirbazari, M. Herbert, and W.J. Weber, Jr.
The Examination and Estimation of the Performance Characteristics of a Standard Method for Organochlorine Insecticides and PCB . . . . . . .
I.W. Devenish and L. Harling-Bowen
A System for the Preparation of Organohalogen Reference Materials with Marine Lipid Matrices . . . .
M.D. Mackinnon, W.R. Hardstaff, and W.D. Jamieson
207
217
231
255
CONTENTS
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Hydrocarbons and Halohydrocarbons
A.G. Harrison
Identification and Quantitative Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on WCOT Glass Capillary Columns . . . . . . . . . .
F.I. Onuska and M. Comba
Automatic Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Water Via GC/MS . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Beggs
Quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Environmental Samples . . . . . . . . . .
W.J. Cretney, P.A. Christensen, B.W. McIntyre, and B.R. Fowler
Reproductive Success of Herring Gulls as an Indicator of Great Lakes Water Quality
D.B. Peakal1, G.A. Fox, A.P. Gilman, D.J. Hallett, and R.J. Norstrom
Pesticide Monitoring in the Prairies of Western Canada . . . . . .
Wm. D. Gummer
Importance of Particulate Matter on the Load of Hydrocarbons of Motorway Runoff and Secondary Effluents . . . . . . . .
F. ZUrcher, M. ThUer, and J.A. Davis
Organochlorines in Precipitation in the Great Lakes Region . . . . . . . . . . .
W.M.J. Strachan, H. Huneault, W.M. Schertzer, and F.C. Elder
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment: Gulf of Maine Sediments and Nova Scotia Soils . . . .. ....
R.A. Hites, R.E. Laflamme, and J.G. Windsor, Jr.
Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Dutch Water Samples Over the Years 1969 - 1977
R.C.C. Wegman and P.A. Greve
A Model System for the Investigation of Methods of Herbicide Speciation . . . .
R.D. Guy and D.R. Narine
xi
265
285
303
315
337
345
373
387
397
405
417
xii CONTENTS
Anthropogenic C1 and C2 Halocarbons: Potential Application as Coastal Water-Mass Tracers . . . . . . . .. 435
G.R. Helz
Prediction of Volatilization Rates of Chemicals in Water . . . . . . . .
J.H. Smith and D.C. Bomberger
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds: Formation, Detection, and Toxicity in Drinking Water
P.B. Joshipura and P.N. Keliher
Screening South African Drinking-Waters for Organic Substances Hazardous to Health
J.F.J. van Rensburg and A.J. Hassett
Trihalomethane Levels at Selected Water Utilities in Kentucky, U.S.A ...
G.D. Allgeier, R.L. Mullins, Jr., D.A. Wilding, J.S. Zogorski, and S.A. Hubbs
Formation of Trihalomethanes During Chlorination and Determination of Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M. Kajino and M. Yagi
Trihalomethane Levels in Canadian Drinking Water D.T. Williams, R. Otson, P.D. Bothwell, K.L. Murphy, and J.L. Robertson
Aquatic Organism Pathobiology as a Sentinel System to Monitor Environmental Carcinogens . . . .
R.A. Sonstegard and J.F. Leatherland
Bacterial Degradation of Crude Oil and Oil Components in Pure and Mixed Culture Systems
A.M. Bobra, A.G. Clark, and J.R. Brown
Induction of Mixed Function Oxidase Enzymes in Fish by Halogenated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
D.E. Willis, M.E. Zinck, D.C. Darrow, and R.F. Addison
Halogenated Biphenyl Metabolism . . . . S. Safe, C. Wyndham, A. Parkinson, R. Purdy, and A. Crawford
Toxicity of Hydrocarbons and Their Halogenated Derivatives in an Aqueous Environment . . . . .
D.T. Boyles
445
453
461
473
491
503
513
521
531
537
545
CONTENTS
Fish Tumor Pathology and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution in a Great Lakes Estuary . . . .
J.J. Black, M. Holmes, P.P. Dymerski, and W.F. Zapisek
Bioaccumulation of Arene and Organochlorine Pollutants by Cipangopaludina chinensis (Gray, 1834) (Mollusca:Gastropoda) from Ponds in the Royal Botanical Gardens, Hamilton, Ontario
L. Kalas, A. Mudroch, and F.r. Onuska
The Correlation of the Toxicity to Algae of Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons with Their Physical-Chemical Properties .....
T.C. Hutchinson, J.A. Hellebust, D. Tam, D. Mackay, R.A. Mascarenhas, and W.Y. Shiu
Index .
xiii
559
567
577
587