HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons

Simplest organic compounds containing only Simplest organic compounds containing only

carbon and hydrogen carbon and hydrogen

AlkanesAlkanes

Alkanes

A hydrocarbon in which there are only single covalent A hydrocarbon in which there are only single covalent

bonds. bonds.

•All C - C bonds are single covalent bondsAll C - C bonds are single covalent bonds

•All other bonds are C – H bondsAll other bonds are C – H bonds

Alkanes

NameName Molecular Molecular FormulaFormula

Structural FormulaStructural Formula

MethaneMethane CHCH44 CHCH44

EthaneEthane CC22HH66 CHCH33CHCH33

PropanePropane CC33HH88 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH33

ButaneButane CC44HH1010 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33

PentanePentane CC55HH1212 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33

HexaneHexane CC66HH1414 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33

HeptaneHeptane CC77HH1616 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33

OctaneOctane CC88HH1818 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33

NonaneNonane CC99HH2020 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33

DecaneDecane CC1010HH2222 CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH33

Functional Functional GroupsGroups

Functional Groups

A functional group is a specific arrangement A functional group is a specific arrangement

of atoms in an organic compound that is of atoms in an organic compound that is

capable of characteristic chemical reactions.capable of characteristic chemical reactions.

Functional Groups

The symbol R represents any carbon chains The symbol R represents any carbon chains

or rings attached to the functional group. or rings attached to the functional group.

HalocarbonHalocarbon

Compound StructureCompound Structure

R X ( X = F, Cl, Br, or I)R X ( X = F, Cl, Br, or I)

Functional GroupFunctional GroupHalogenHalogen

FreonFreon

AlcoholAlcohol

Compound StructureCompound Structure

R OHR OH

Functional GroupFunctional GroupHydroxylHydroxyl

Ethyl AlcoholEthyl Alcohol

EtherEther

Compound StructureCompound Structure

R O R’ R O R’

Functional Functional GroupGroup

EtherEther

Ethyl EtherEthyl Ether

AldehydeAldehyde

Compound StructureCompound Structure OO

R C H R C H

Functional GroupFunctional GroupCarbonylCarbonyl

KetoneKetone

Compound StructureCompound Structure OO

R C R R C R

Functional GroupFunctional GroupCarbonylCarbonyl

Methyl Isobutyl KetoneMethyl Isobutyl Ketone

Carboxylic AcidCarboxylic Acid

Compound StructureCompound Structure OO

R C OH R C OH

Functional GroupFunctional GroupCarboxylCarboxyl

EsterEster

Compound StructureCompound Structure OO

R C O R R C O R

Functional Functional GroupGroup

EsterEster

AmineAmine

Compound StructureCompound Structure

R NH2 R NH2

Functional GroupFunctional GroupAminoAmino

AmideAmide

Compound StructureCompound Structure O HO H

R C N R R C N R

Functional GroupFunctional GroupAmideAmide