Hydro Power

Jun Kim

Hydro Power• Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is

derived from the force or energy of moving water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes.

• Prior to the widespread availability of commercial electric power, hydropower was used for irrigation, and operation of various ma-chines, such as watermills, textile machines, sawmills, dock cranes, and domestic lifts.

• Another method used a trompe, which produces compressed air from falling water, which could then be used to power other ma-chinery at a distance from the water.

Hydroelectric Power I• Hydroelectric power now supplies about 715,000 MWe or 19% of

world electricity. Large dams are still being designed. The world's largest is the Three Gorges Dam on the third longest river in the world, the Yangtzi River. Apart from a few countries with an abun-dance of hydro power, this energy source is normally applied to peak load demand, because it is readily stopped and started. It also provides a high-capacity, low-cost means of energy storage, known as "pumped storage".

• Hydropower produces essentially no carbon dioxide or other harm-ful emissions, in contrast to burning fossil fuels, and is not a signif-icant contributor to global warming through CO2.

• Hydroelectric power can be far less expensive than electricity generated from fossil fuels or nuclear energy. Areas with abundant hydroelectric power attract industry. Environmental concerns about the effects of reservoirs may prohibit development of eco-nomic hydropower sources.

Hydroelectric Power II• The chief advantage of hydroelectric dams is their ability to han-

dle seasonal (as well as daily) high peak loads. When the electric-ity demands drop, the dam simply stores more water (which pro-vides more flow when it releases). Some electricity generators use water dams to store excess energy (often during the night), by us-ing the electricity to pump water up into a basin. Electricity can be generated when demand increases. In practice the utilization of stored water in river dams is sometimes complicated by demands for irrigation which may occur out of phase with peak electrical demands.

• Not all hydroelectric power requires a dam; a run-of-river project only uses part of the stream flow and is a characteristic of small hydropower projects. A developing technology example is the Gorlov helical turbine.

Hydraulic Turbine and Electrical Generator

Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential en-ergy of dammed water driving a water turbine and generator. In this case the energy ex-tracted from the water de-pends on the volume and on the difference in height be-tween the source and the wa-ter's outflow. This height dif-ference is called the head. The amount of potential energy in water is proportional to the head. To obtain very high head, water for a hydraulic turbine may be run through a large pipe called a penstock.

Hydroelectric Dam in Cross Section

Korean Hydraulic Power Plants

충주수력발전수충청북도 충주시 ( 忠州市 ) 종민동 ( 宗民洞 ) 과 동량면 ( 東良面 ) 조동리

( 早洞里 ) 사이에 있는 발전소 . 충주댐에 있는 것으로 발전시설용량은

제 1 발전소가 40 만㎾ , 제 2 발전소가 1 만 2000 ㎾ 규모이다 . 연간 발전

량은 8 억 4400 만㎾로 , 국내 수력발전시설용량의 34 ％를 차지하며 ,

약 130 만 bbl/ 년 , 240 억원에 이르는 유류대체효과를 얻을 수 있다 .

외화절감 및 전력수급에 이바지함은 물론 , 댐하류 상시유량을 증가

시켜 오염된 수질을 정화하고 한강 하구에서 일어나는 바닷물 역류

현상의 방지에도 큰 역할을 한다 .

China Three Gorges Project I

China Yangtze Three Gorges Project (TGP), as one of the biggest h

ydropower-complex project in the world, ranks as the key project

for improvement and development of Yangtze River. The dam is l

ocated in the areas of Xilingxia gorge, one of the three gorges of

the river, which will control a drainage area of 1 million km2 , with

an average annual runoff of 451 billion m3 . The open valley at th

e dam site, with hard and complete granite as the bedrock, has p

rovided the favorable topographical and geological conditions for

dam construction.

China Three Gorges Project II

Development of Three Gorges Project199

92000

2001 2002

2003

Korea• The terrain of the Korean Peninsula the rivers advances well and is having the condition which separates

relatively in hydroelectric power the fluctuation of flow is serious is a weak point seasonally. The hydro-electric power facility buys and 1905 Pyongan-Bukdo fortune scattered light 500kW car hydropower plants which are established with Aplok River with the beginning with small scale construction to become accomplished, from the dog E tableland it flows and penetrated a box mountain around the capital pulse waver and with under the basin fringe land with power plant construction of large scale together the Han River hydraulic power (North Korea river) and Aplok River hydraulic power etc. with time to be developed the flow of the rivers they take charge of they make, the central point of Korean power supply. But with high growth of the national industry which leads an industrialization it joins in and is restricted the war po -tential demand which is enormous it is demanded with only the generation of hydroelectric power which it does not confront not to make can, it became. The hydraulic power is maintaining the facility dosage of whole developmental equipment middle 10% degree of Korea, the war potential production volume is stay-ing to 5% degree. If war potential supply clerk general interpretation the value which is technical from it is desirable for the hydropower plant to increase more but, the hydraulic power equipment augmentation prospect which uses the water resources of the rivers the packing hydraulic power to be insufficient does not dawn. It constructs the waters hydropower plant but and the share level of present time will be contin -ued.

• 한반도의 지형은 하천이 잘 발달되어 수력발전에 비교적 유리한 조건을 갖추고 있으나 계절적으로 유량의 변동이 심하다는 단점이 있다 . 수력발전 시설은 1905 년 평안북도 운산광산에 설치된 500kW 의 자가용 수력발전소를 효시로 소규모로 건설이 이루어지다가 개마고원에서 압록강으로 흘러가는 하천의 유량을 함경산맥을 관통시켜 동해로 유역변경하는 대규모의 발전소 건설과 함께 한강수력 ( 북한강 ) 및 압록강수력 등이 차례로 개발되어 한국 전력공급의 중추적 역할을 담당해왔다 . 그러나 공업화를 통한 국가산업의 고도성장과 더불어 요구되는 막대한 전력수요를 제한된 수력발전만으로는 대응하지 못하게 되었다 . 수력은 한국의 전체 발전설비 가운데 10 ％ 정도의 시설용량을 유지하고 있으며 , 전력생산량은 5 ％ 정도에 머무르고 있다 . 전력공급계통의 기술적인 가치면에서 수력발전소가 더욱 증가되는 것이 바람직하나 포장수력이 불충분해 하천의 수자원을 이용한 수력설비 증대 전망은 밝지 않다 . 그러나 양수식 수력발전소를 건설하여 현재의 점유율 수준은 계속될 것이다 .

The Positives

• Once built, electricity can be constantly produced without anything to fuel the hydropower genera-tors.

• Renewable energy

• No pollution once built

• Cheap to produce electricity

The Negatives

• Expensive to build• Takes a long time to build• Lots of energy wasted through power transmis-

sion• Destroys nature• Limited land to build hydro

power generator• Doesn’t work on main land

where there is no water

My thoughts• I think that as long as the ways in which hydro power plants

such as dams or plants using tidal power are applied effectively, that hydropower would be an extremely useful energy source.

• Most of earth is covered in water so the use of tidal power, if de-veloped more than the present, could be ever so advantageous to countries and people by the ocean.

• Since there is almost no pollution hydropower is a very effective way of producing energy while saving the environment.

• I think this source of energy would be useless to countries in land- or states, such as North Dakota in the middle of the United States. An alternative way to somehow use hydropower in main-land could be by building sources of water.

• With the pollution worries, hydropower is a great way of return-ing earth to its former nature. Although there may be some na-ture destruction, I think we have to make some sacrifices.

Thank you!

• Jun Kim

Citation• http://www.ctgpc.com/• http://kr.dic.yahoo.com/search/enc/result.html?pk=18765500

&p=%C3%E6%C1%D6%BC%F6%B7%C2%B9%DF%C0%FC%BC%D2&field=id&type=enc

• http://www.cyworld.com/citywriter/2282258• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity• http://blog.naver.com/deeparoma12/60046529016• http://www.ctgpc.com/pictures/pictures_a.php• http://blog.daum.net/zzeluna04/8770360• http://blog.naver.com/choi11250/130029053222• http://search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&quer

y=%BC%DB%C0%FC&x=0&y=0&sm=top_hty&frm=t1&fbm=0

• http://en.ce.cn/Business/Macro-economic/200711/09/W020071109332433438292.jpg