Hybrid trucks, a solution for...

Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research

Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks

Advanced Engineering – Thomas JUSTIN

Hybrid trucks, a solution for cities

UTBM – November 28th, 2013

Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks

2

Group Trucks

Sales &

Marketing and

JVs APAC

Group Trucks

Technology

Group Trucks

Operations

Group Trucks

Sales &

Marketing

Americas

Group Trucks

Sales &

Marketing

EMEA

Financial

Services

Business

Areas (Volvo Penta,

Volvo Aereo, Buses,

Governmental sales)

Construction

Equipment

Constr

Equi

The Volvo Group

2013-11-28

T. JUSTIN PAGE 3

NOVEMBER 28th 2013

HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES

RENAULT TRUCKS DISTRIBUTION RANGE

RENAULT TRUCKS D RENAULT TRUCKS D RENAULT TRUCKS D RENAULT TRUCKS D ACCESS

2.3 M CAB 2.1 M CAB

18 -> 26 T 10 -> 18 T 3.5 -> 7.5 T 18 -> 26 T

ENGINES ENGINES ENGINES ENGINES

DTI 8: 250 / 280 / 320 HP DTI 5: 210 / 240 HP DTI 3: 150 / 180 HP DTI 8: 280 / 320 HP

DTI 8: 250 / 280 HP

GVW GVW GVW GVW

18/19 -> 26 T 10 -> 18 T 3.5 -> 7.5 T 18/19 -> 26 T

GCW GCW GCW

21.5 -> 44 T 13.5 -> 36 T 7 -> 11 T


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· Background

· Energy efficiency of trucks

· Which trucks for cities ?

· Why hybrids ?

· Hybrid concepts

· Conclusion

Hybrid trucks : a solution for cities


2013-11-28


A little history of electromobility

The « Jamais contente », full electric car

from Jenatzy, is the first automobile to

reach 100 km/h, in 1899.

5

Lohner-Porsche

series hybrid

w/ wheel motors

1900

Sovel electric1955


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Transport - Facts and Figures

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http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Chiffres-cles-du-transport-Edition,27305.html


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Transport - Facts and Figures

7

http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Chiffres-cles-du-transport-Edition,27305.html


2013-11-28


0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0 1 2 3 4 5

ESC NOx (g/kWh)

ES

C P

M (

g/k

Wh

)US 02

Euro 4 (2006)Euro 5 (2009)

US 07US10

Euro 3 (2001)

Euro 6

Regulated emission levels for trucks


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T. JUSTIN PAGE 9

NOVEMBER 28th 2013


LONG HAUL TRUCKS Fuel Consumption

Fuel + Adblue Equivalent Consumption (l/100 km) for a European Long-haul Truck (average weight: 32 tons)

Oil Crises

- 2% / year

Emission Focus

- 1% / year CO2 Focus

- 2% / year ?

T. JUSTIN PAGE 9

NOVEMBER 28th 2013


T. JUSTIN PAGE 10

NOVEMBER 28th 2013


8%

Charge Air

Cooling

29%

Exhaust

Gases

15%

Heat to

Coolant

4%

Engine

Friction

3%

Acces-

sories

3%

Driveline

Friction

19% Air Drag

19% Rolling

Resistance

38%

100%

Fuel

Energy

40 ton long-haul truck

at 90 km/h on a flat road

LONG HAUL TRUCKS Energy Balance

T. JUSTIN PAGE 11

NOVEMBER 28th 2013


LONG HAUL TRUCKS Fuel Saving Potential

Tractor air drag 4%

Trailer air drag 8%

Tires & bearings 5%

Weight 1%

Driveline 8%

Waste-Heat Recovery 5%

Controls 3%

Accessories 2%

Platooning

or Roadtrains 10%

X%: Fuel saving potential (%) until 2030 (Baseline: 2015 product)

Total potential: 38%

T. JUSTIN PAGE 12

NOVEMBER 28th 2013


Fuel + Adblue Equivalent Consumption (l/100 km) for an European Delivery Truck (average weight: 10 tons)

CO2 Focus

- 2% / year ?

Emission Focus

0% / year

DISTRIBUTION TRUCKS Fuel Consumption

T. JUSTIN PAGE

NOVEMBER 28th 2013


T. JUSTIN PAGE 13

NOVEMBER 28th 2013


Air drag 6%

Tires & bearings 8%

Weight 2%

Driveline 4%

Brake Energy Recovery 20%

Improved controls 5%

Improved accessories 3%

5%

DISTRIBUTION TRUCKS Fuel Saving Potential X%: Fuel saving potential (%) until 2030 (Baseline: 2015 product)

Total potential: 39%


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Which trucks for cities ? Energy efficiency

· Energy efficiency of heavy vehicles vs light vehicles

5 times less fuel

per ton x km


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Which trucks for cities ? Towards sustainable road transport

· Productivity

– Economic vitality of cities

– Profitability of transport companies

· Protection of the environment

– Reduced energy consumption

– Reduced CO2 emissions

– Diversified energy sources

· Social acceptance

– Reduced exhaust emissions

– Reduced noise emissions


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· Answers from Renault Trucks

· Answers from Volvo Trucks

· Answers from Volvo Bus Corporation

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Which trucks for cities ? Towards sustainable road transport


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T. JUSTIN PAGE 17

NOVEMBER 28th 2013


Middle Term (2015+)

Long Term (2025+)

Urban

Regional

Inter-Urban

Long Haul

Diesel

Diesel

Diesel

Short Term

Electric

Slide-in

…

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY LANDSCAPE

Bio & Synthetic Diesel

Hybrid

Hybrid Natural &

Biogas

Natural &

Biogas

Hybrid

Electric

Electric

Electric

Natural &

Biogas

Hydrogen (Fuel Cells)

…

T. JUSTIN PAGE 18

NOVEMBER 28th 2013


NOISE

POLLUTION

-2dB

UP TO

20%

FUEL SAVING

zer0 Emission

PREMIUM

OPTIFUEL

6,4%

FUEL SAVING

PROPOSE THE RIGHT TRANSPORT SOLUTION

At the right PLACE, with the right ENERGY

T. JUSTIN PAGE 19

NOVEMBER 28th 2013


… AND GET READY FOR THE FUTURE

Build and test 3 MD electric trucks for

different urban usages, by reducing by

over -30% GHG emissions, while

maintaining other features close to a

thermal vehicle

MELODYS

CITYBRID Prepare next generation of Hybrid

vehicles, by developing Plug-in and

e-PTO technologies and focusing on

overall vehicle energy efficiency

LNG BLUE

CORRIDORS

Launch a large-scale demonstration of

heavy duty vehicles running with

liquefied methane based on HPDI

technology, to prepare and facilitate a

broad market development

Volvo Trucks

Liquid fuels Gaseous fuels Combination

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Volvo Trucks CO2-neutral trucks


Volvo Bus Corporation

· Since the introduction of the Volvo 7900 Hybrid in 2010, nearly 1,200

units have been sold to customers in 21 countries

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http://www.volvobuses.com/bus/global/en-

gb/newsmedia/pressreleases/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/

NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=144983&News.Language=en-gb

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· 3 plug-in hybrids are being tested in

service, since May, in Gothenburg

– Operate on electricity alone more

than two-thirds of the time.


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· Background



· Why hybrids ?

· Hybrid concepts

· Conclusion


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· Stop and go driving

· Engine idling

Why hybrids ? Inner city driving conditions


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power assist

regenerative braking

Why hybrids ? Regenerative braking

Vehic

le V

elo

city (

km

/h);

energy storage


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Why hybrids ? Energy balance of a diesel refuse truck

energy contained in fuel

internal

resistance

heat exhaust wheels

crankshaft

% of mechanical energy

combustion

outlet shaft

transmission

fuel tank

Efficiency gains on the complete truck


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Avoid torque

converter

Electric waste

compacting

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Regenerative

braking

Idle shut down

Management of

auxiliaries

Plug-in

Urban distribution Urban refuse collection

-20%

-40%

Fuel savings

Reference

(diesel truck)

Why hybrids ? Fuel economy and emissions


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Towards plug-in Well to Wheel efficiency


Environmental footprint

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· Background



· Why hybrids ?

· Hybrid concepts

· Conclusion


Electric drivelines

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Battery Rear axle Motor

differential


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Electric drivelines

50km/h 90km/h)

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Torq

ue a

t w

heel (N

m)

Vehicle speed

Battery

Rear axle

Motor

2 speed

Torq

ue a

t w

heel (N

m)

acceleration

requirement

gradeability

requirement

max speed

requirement

Why ?


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Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Engineering

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Hybrid concepts Series

· Pros

– Flexible vehicle architecture

– Easier to develop

· Cons

– Energy efficiency

– Cost of electric systems

Battery

Rear axle

Motor

2 speed

IC Engine Generator

– Decoupling engine from wheel


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Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Engineering

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Hybrid concepts Parallel

IC Engine

Battery

Gearbox Rear axle

Motor –

Generator

· Pros

– Energy efficiency

– Cost of electric systems

· Cons

– More complexe interactions

between components


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Automated Manual Transmission

12 gears

AC/DC

Inverter

Li-ion Batteries

600V

Electric Motor

permanent magnet synchronous

120kW - 800Nm

7 liter Diesel Engine

330 hp - EuroV


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The Volvo Group Parallel Hybrid


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The Volvo Group Parallel Hybrid


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T. JUSTIN PAGE 36

NOVEMBER 28th 2013


Hybrid (Parallel)

PREMIUM 19-26 tons (HYBRYS TECH Commercial Offer)

Up to 1.5 km

Similar as Diesel

Up to -20% vs Conv.

Dxi7 310-340 hp Euro V

70 kW / 400 Nm

1.2 kWh Li-ion

220 kg

Electric (Plug-in Series Hybrid)

MIDLUM 16 tons (MELODYS AE project)

60 km

> 400 km

-30% vs Conv.

Dxi5 (+ 70 kW EM)

103 kW / 450 Nm

85 kWh Li-ion

1,000 kg

4 hours charge

Electric (Full)

MIDLUM 16 tons (MELODYS AE project)

120 km

-86% vs Conv.

None

103 kW / 450 Nm

170 kWh Li-ion

2,000 kg

8 hours charge

TOWARDS ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION TRUCKS

Electric range

Total range

CO2 per ton of cargo For France

(92 g CO2 / kWh electricity)

Thermal engine

Electric engine

ESS


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Hybrid driveline

Electric vehicle

auxiliaries

Cooling of electric

components

Steering

pump

Air

compressor

Air-conditioning

compressor

Customer

Applications

Power take-off in

electric mode

Standard

chassis

dard

sis

Hybrid Technology Vehicle impacts


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§ Hybrid and electric trucks are reality

§ Diversity of concepts to fit different

requirements

§ Still many challenges ahead


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Conclusion


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Discussion

2013-11-28


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