HUR-101-99Y Group Presentation: Erikson's Stages of Development
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Transcript of HUR-101-99Y Group Presentation: Erikson's Stages of Development
Erikson’s Eight
Stages of Psychosoci
al Developme
ntPresentation by Renee Illerbrun, Heather Kleinsmith, Kevin
McMullen, and Ann Pallifrone
Erik Eriksonand his psychosocial stages
Ideas influenced by Freud’s work with personalities
Ego psychologist Believed the ego develops as it
successfully resolves social crises
Maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order and each stage completed builds upon the previous stage
Interested in how children socialize and how that affects their sense of self
Eight Stagesof Psychosocial Development
Stage One: Trust vs. Mistrust
Can I trust the people around me?The most important period in a person’s life
Infancy
Trust• Stability
• Consistency
• Building blocks that are necessary to construct the trust for success in life
• Virtue of hope
Mistrust• Failing to complete the stage of
virtue of hope
• Increased/heightened sense of fear
• Anxiety
• General feeling of mistrust in the world around them
Stage Two: Autonomy vs. Shame and
DoubtCan I do things myself or am I reliant on the help of others?
Children at this stage are focused on developing a greater sense of self-control.
Early Childhood
Autonomy• Ages of 1-3 years old
• Independence
• Self-confidence
• Positive or negative
Shame and Doubt• Positive reassurance
• Over protective
• Feeling shameful
• Learn doubt
• Toilet training
“Erikson believes that children who experience too
much doubt at this stage will lack
confidence in their powers later in life”
(Woolfolk, 1987).
Stage Three: Initiative vs.
Guilt
Am I good or bad?Children begin to assert their power and
control over the world through social interaction.
Preschool
The FactsInitiative vs. Guilt• Play age (years 3-5)
• Child develops fundamental understanding of morals and values
• Gain self-esteem and learn to cooperate with peers
• Sense of power and control of environment
• Positive outcome of this stage is self-purpose and worth
Stage Four: Industry vs.
Inferiority
How can I be good?Children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and
abilities.
School Age
The FactsIndustry vs. Inferiority
• School age (years 5-12)
• Main goal of this stage is the individual’s ability to rely on themselves
• Child will learn about• Friendship• Self-Evaluation• Teamwork
Provides a sense of competence and capability in terms of educational
achievement.
Stage Five: Identity vs. Role
Confusion
Who am I? Who can I be?Children are exploring their
independence and sense of self.
Adolescence
The FactsIdentity vs. Role Confusion
• Ages 13-19 years old (adolescence)
• Fidelity is the main virtue
• Development of social relationships is important
• Concerned with appearances
• Sense of sexual identity
• Figuring out future roles in the adult world
• Risk of “identity crisis”
Stage Six: Intimacy vs.
Isolation
Will I be loved or will I be alone?The major conflict centers on forming
intimate, loving relationships with other people.
Young Adulthood
The FactsIntimacy vs. Isolation
• Ages 18-40• Newfound identity and meaningfulness• Developing intimacy and willingness to
express feelings and share experiences
Possible OutcomesIntimacy vs. Isolation
Failure to Establish Intimacy Results in:1. Loneliness2. Feeling or being uncared for
Success in Establishing Intimacy Results in:3. Close intimate friendships4. Feeling secure in relationshipsWhat is the importance in
understanding this stage?
Stage Seven: Generativity vs. Self-
Absorption (Stagnation)
How can I contribute to the world?
Adults strive to create or nurture things that will outlast them.Middle Adulthood
The FactsGenerativity vs. Self-Absorption
- Ages 40-65
- Goes further into looking beyond and toward the future
- Establishing family and productivity in the community
- If they do not feel productive or that they have accomplished their goals, they feel like they are losing the meaning of life- mid-life crisis
Why is this important to understand?
Stage Eight: Ego Integrity vs.
Despair
Did I live a meaningful life?People reflect on the life they have lived
and come away with either a sense of fulfillment or a sense of regret.
Maturity
The FactsEgo Integrity vs. Despair
• Age 65 until death
• Wisdom is the main virtue
• Retrospection (the final developmental task)
• Can occur out of sequence ex. Terminal disease diagnosis
Possible OutcomesEgo Integrity vs. Despair
Seeing Your Life as Productive/Successful:- Contemplate accomplishments- Develop integrity
Seeing Your Life as Unproductive/Unsuccessful:- Dissatisfied with life - Develop despair
- Can lead to depression/hopelessness
So, how is this theory relevant to us and
what we’ve studied in class?
and
How does this theory help us to better
understand ourselves?