Human Resource Development in a Re-emerging Country - Bulgaria

Human Resource Development in a Re-emerging Country - Bulgaria

Assoc. Prof. Dimitar Tonev Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Infrastructure Development Working Group Meeting, 8 May 2014, Bucharest, Romania

BULGARIA AND NUCLEAR ENERGY

Kozloduy NPP is the only nuclear power plant in Bulgaria, providing more than one third of the total annual electricity output of the country.


BULGARIA AND NUCLEAR ENERGY


There are 6 units constructed on NPP Kozloduy site of Russian design with total electricity generation of 3760 MW, pressurized water reactors.

Safety is the main priority at Kozloduy NPP and it is a subject to independent state surveillance by the Nuclear Regulatory Agency at the Bulgarian Council of Ministers

Since the beginning of 2007 only the two units VVER 1000 type remained operational

But… Bulgaria has ambitions in the field of nuclear energy and a new unit AP1000 is a very good solution.

Who is working at NPP Kozluduy, State Enterprice Radioactive Waste, Nuclear Regulatory Agency and how the human resource in the field of Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Physics is developed?

BULGARIAN INSTITUTIONS AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT


Universities – Technical University Sofia, Plovdiv, Gabrovo, Varna

Sofia University, Plovdiv University, Shumen and Blagoevgrad University – Faculties of Physics and Chemistry

Institutes of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Ministry of economy and energy Bulgarian Nuclear Regulatory Agency International Atomic Energy Agency International collaborations

OUTLINE

Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy – BAS today

INRNE research activities in nuclear energy

Core physics Reactor dynamics and safety NPP safety analysis Spent fuel analysis Nuclear fuel performance Reactor dosimetry

IRT-2000

Scientific support

International collaboration

Training and qualification


INRNE-BAS TODAY

The biggest complex centre in Bulgaria for fundamental and applied research in the fields of:

Nuclear physics High energy physics Nuclear energy, nuclear methods and technologies Radiation environment and ecology The research reactor of the INRNE-BAS is the only

national scientific nuclear facility in Bulgaria. Basic environmental observatory at peak Moussala World recognized results of the INRNE notified

during the European Science Foundation evaluation of the BAS.

Quality Management System

certificated according to ISO 9001 for quality and ISO 14001 for environment


Prof. Elisaveta Karamihailova (1897-1969) Pioneer of the Experimental Nuclear Physics in Bulgaria


Core Physics Fuel lattice and core calculations with deterministic and Monte Carlo codes (APOLLO2,COBAYA3, TRIPOLI4) Reactor Dynamics and Safety Higher-resolution neutronic/ thermal-hydraulic simulation at the nodal and fuel pin level for improved reactor performance and safety: 3D neutronics calculations with COBAYA3,

CRONOS2 and Monte Carlo codes 3D core and reactor vessel TH modeling

with FLICA4, COBRA, CATHARE 3D coupled N/TH core and core-vessel,

core-plant simulation R&D for coupled N/TH/Fuel behavior code calculations

FLICA4 3D sub-channel thermal-hydraulic calculation

COBAYA/FLICA simulation of VVER MSLB accident

Coupled COBAYA3/TH pin-by-pin simulation

Core behavior studies


NPP Safety Analyses

Analytical Code Validation and Validation of input models for WWER 1000 for RELAP5, ASTEC, MELCOR.

Severe accident analyses

with ASTEC, MELCOR and other computer codes. Investigation of phenomena at different EU facilities.

powersupply

powersupply

cooling bundle foot

cooling bundle head

H Oquenching

2

Ar cooling jacket

Ar overpressure

ZrO insulation2

containment

shroud

H O2

H O2

H O2

H O2

H O2

steam, Ar, H2

H O2

Ar

Ar

H O2

He(fuel rods)

test bundle

heated length 1 m~~

aux. water

off-gas pipe

to mass spectrometer

to aerosol collection system (AEKI)

aux. heater

QUENCH stand for investigation of fuel degradation and hydrogen generation.


Spent fuel analysis

Criticality safety analyses with burnup credit implementation of spent fuel management facilities - SCALE code system

Validation of SCALE6 against WWER-440 experimental data

SCALE6 WWER-440 FA modelling

SCALE WWER-440 spent fuel cask calculation


Optimization of nuclear fuel behavior for WWER-1000


Reactor Dosimetry More than 20 years INRNE provides scientific support of Kozloduy NPP in Neutron Fluence assessment for NPP life time justification:

• RPV and Surveillance Specimens fluence calculation • RPV support structure fluence calculation

• Periodical studies for an assessment of the metal emrittlement of the reactor vessel state through the neutron fluence evaluation

Reactor Dosimetry Verified methodology based on well

recognized tools is developed in longtime collaboration with world leading nuclear institutes, RSC Kurchatov Institute (Moscow), NRI-Rez (Prague), CEA (France), SCK-CEN (Belgium), TECNATOM (Spain), NRG (Petten), JRC-IE (Petten) within the European Working Group on Reactor Dosimetry (EWGRD)

Novel Monte Carlo based approaches are in development and verification for further improvement of INRNE methodology


IRT-200 Mission

Education Nuclear energy, technology and investigations Dosimetry, radiation protection Physics, radiochemistry and radiobiology Nuclear safety

Applications Neutron activation analysis Production of isotopes Radio-pharmacy Nanotechnology Neutron radiography New materials Metrology


Scientific support

Bulgarian Nuclear Regulatory Agency

• Radiological monitoring of radioactive release from Kozloduy NPP site

Kozloduy NPP

Participation in the Stress tests

Analysis of WWER fuel termomecanical

behavior under transient and accident conditions

Assessment of current reactor pressure vessel metal state and lifetime prognosis of the WWER-1000

Analysis in support of Symptom based Emergency Operating Procedures

Government RAW entity


INRNE PhD STUDENTS ON SUBJECTS

RELATED TO NUCLEAR REACTORS in the last 10 years

PhD theses defended PhD students in process of theses defence PhD students in process of theses preparation Total number - 40

6 New PhD students from NPP Kozlodui.


“Extreme external climate conditions”

INRNE and Stress-tests of the NPP “Kozloduy”


International collaboration Participation in prestigious international projects

- Nuclear Reactor Integrated Simulation Project, 2009-2012, - Nuclear Reactor Safety Simulation Platform, 2013-2015

SARNET Network of Excellence for a Sustainable Integration of European Research on Severe Accide

Phenomenology and Management – Phase 2, 2009-2013 - New Member States Linking for an AdvaNced Cohesion in Euratom Research , 2011-

2013 - Establishment of a Regional Center of Competence for WWER Technology and Nuclear Applications, 2011-2014

CESAM - Code for European Severe Accident Management, 2013-2014

International collaboration

International Atomic Energy Agency Institutes of the Joint Research Centre of EC Organizations of the AER on WWER reactor physics and safety Leading European institutes - CEA France, IRSN France , UPM Spain, GRS Germany etc. Department of Energy, USA

PennState University, USA, MoU Texas A&M Univertsity, MoU

European Technical Safety Organizations Network

Training and qualification

Teaching on “Neutron and Reactor Physics”, “Nuclear reactors” and “Radiochemistry” of Bachelor, MSc.,PhD students in collaboration with SU”Sv. Kl. Ohridski” and TU-Sofia

Supervising of PhD students from Kozloduy NPP

Specialized training – BNRA license, 2014 Training of personnel and instructors for

identification of commodity with possible double usage

Participation in national and international schools and conferences

CORONA Pilot training for non-nuclear specilists

FP7 EURATOM Project CORONA - Establishment of Regional Center of Competence for VVER Technology and Nuclear Applications, CSA-CA, 11 participants from 8 countries +JRC,EC; 2011-2014

Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Department Analysis of Radioactive and Nuclear Materials of Illegal Origin

Scientific support for: Nuclear Regulatory Agency, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Defense, State Agency for National Security, Border Police, Civil Defense,

Prosecution,Custom Control and other Government Organizations

Portable High-Resolution Gamma-Spectro- meter for reliable isotopic identification of nuclear materials (DU, EU, HEU, WGP .. ) and different sources of ionizing radiation

Example Cargo Container

control


Joint Bulgarian-Turkish exercise combating illicit traffic of radioactive and nuclear materials on Kapitan Andreevo-Kapikule

border checkpoint.

Surveillance, Detection, Identification and Response on Illicit trafficked Nuclear Materials

International Exercises

Police Academy Sofia

INRNE Activity with Ministry of Interior and Police Academy

Education, Training and Scientific support in the field of Nuclear Forensics

Мисия ИРТ-200 ОБУЧЕНИЕ

Ядрена енергия, енергетика, технологии и изследвания Дозиметрия, лъчезащита и лъчеинженерство

Физика и биология Ядрена култура

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ

Неутронен активационен анализ Производство на радиоизотопи

Радио-фармация Облъчване на материали Неутронна радиография

Материалознание Метрология

Basic environmental observatory Peak Moussala-2928 m.

Radioactive transborder transfer: Fukushima

131I

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

8h 23.03

20h 24.03

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21h 27.03

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20h 30.03

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20h 02.04

8h 04.04

20h 05.04

8h 07.04

time, date, month

mB

q/m

3

134Cs

00.010.020.030.040.050.06

8h 23.03

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8h 25.03

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8h 29.03

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8h 03.04

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8h 05.04

8h 06.04

8h 07.04

time, date, month

mB

q/m

3137Cs

00.010.020.030.040.050.060.07

8h 23.03

8h 24.03

8h 25.03

8h 26.03

9h 27.03

9h 28.03

8h 29.03

8h 30.03

8h 31.03

8h 01.04

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8h 05.04

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time, date, month

mB

q/m

3


The Cross-Boarder-Cooperation Programme Romania-Bulgaria

Project “EMERSYS Toward an integrated, joint cross-border detection system and harmonized rapid responses procedures to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear emergencies”, 2013-2015 Partners: •“Horia-Holubei” National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering – IFIN HH, Bucharest •General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Romania •Fire Safety and Civil Protection Directorate General, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Bulgaria Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

1.Introduction to NPP

2.Overview on NPP's

3.Radiation Protection

4.Radiation Monitoring

5.Radioactive Waste Management

6.Decommissioning of NPP

7.NPP Safety Concepts

8.Management System

9.Emergency Planning and Emergency Preparedness

10.Safety culture

11.Soft skills

Training courses for non-nuclear

professionals

CORONA Meeting June 25-28, 2013, Vienna

Pilot training of non-nuclear professionals within CORONA project

M. Manolova, K . Ilieva, S. Belousov

INRNE-BAS, Sofia

Циклотрон MCC 30/15; Архитектурен вид на Циклотронна лаборатория

National Cyclotron Centre

Present main task of INRNE - BAS With the support of: DoE USA Kozloduy NPP Ministry of Economy and Energy Ministry of Education and Science

INRNE performs research of its own and actively participates in European projects for the development and validation of the new generation software for reactor simulation and safety analysis.

Current results and planned activities aim to improve the performance and safety of the Kozloduy NPP.

The scientific and technical support of the nuclear industry, government organizations and the education of young specialists contribute to the sustainable development of nuclear power in Bulgaria

Conclusions

Thank You!

Abbreviations N/TH- neutronic/ thermal hydraulic TH – thermal hydraulic RPV –reactor pressure vessel LOCA – Loss of coolant accident FA – fuel assembly CEA – Commissariat Energy Atomic IRSN – Institute for Rdiological protection and

nuclear safety, France GRS – Gesellschaft fuer Reactorsicherheit, Germany UPM- Universidad Polotechnika Madrid, Spain

Human Resource Development in a Re-emerging Country - Bulgaria

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