Hudson's Bay Company and Northwest Company and the Fur Trade in Canada
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Transcript of Hudson's Bay Company and Northwest Company and the Fur Trade in Canada
The Northwest to 1870PART 1
Competition in the Fur Trade(pp 125 - 138 of Horizons)
J Marshall, 2014
Timeline:• _______HBC created• _______NW Co created• _______Selkirk Settlement founded• _______Pemmican Proclamation• _______Selkirk’s treaty with the Cree• _______HBC/NW Co merge• _______Govt of Canada gets Ruperts Land• _______Red River troubles
1700 18001900
1670
1783
1812
1814
1817
1821
1869
1869
Drainage Basin
Hinterland: back country that provides resourcesHeartland: settled regions that use resources to create goods
The Hudson’s Bay Company
TermsFactorClerkFactory“Stay at the Bay”Made beaverTrade Goods
BCH• The Factor was like a god – the Governor was
even worse!• Marriages were not encouraged• Traded with various First Nations groups• Strict trade standards – everything translated
into “made beaver”• Strict timelines (H Bay open July – Mid-Sept
only• All in-country workers were salaried• Forced inland as resources shrank
The Northwest CompanyMontreal, 1783
TermsMontreal PartnersHivernants/Wintering PartnersVoyageursPortageCanots du nord (7m/6 crew)Canots du maitre (11m/12 crew)Pieces (40kg)
NW Co• New France fell 1763; 1783
NW Co established (about a century after the HBC)
• Initially outside HBC territory/then in competition
• Hivernants went to hinterland to establish trade and would negotiate prices
• Hivernants were partners, not salaried employees
• Canoe brigades moved pieces from Ft William to Lachine
York
Boa
t
Cano
e
jmarshallchat.blogspot.comto access the websites on York boats and canoes
York Boat Canoe
Pros
Cons
NW Co: Advantages
Trappers accessed NW Co posts easier Hierarchy was less rigid than HBC Montreal partners managed overseas
business Hivernants could stay in the bush Hivernants had a vested interest in profits Explorers found new routes/mapped Trade prices were more flexible than HBC Willing to trade alcoholIN WHAT ORDER WOULD YOU RANK THE IMPORTANCE OF EACH?
HBC Problem Solving:• Create a plan to win the fur trade competition
with the NW Co.• Think about the pros and cons of your
decisions.• Consider the short term and longer term
effects of your choices.
Canoe: click to access website
http://www.hbcheritage.ca/content/canoe/dash/full
end