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U.S. History►Wednesday, Nov. 7
You will need a full sheet of paper to start notes for the Unit► Increasing Influences and
Challenges►You will be using them for Daily
Learning Target Assessments and then handing them in, so writing information down is important.
Imperialism►What do you think this
means? Write down a definition.
►Definition: The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.
►Based on this definition, is the United States an imperialistic country in 2012? Explain.
The Big Picture►U.S. foreign relations
took a new turn at the end of the 19th century. Global competition for empire led the U.S. into war with Spain and intervention in Latin America. The U.S. forged a new role as an emerging world power.
Focus►What inspired imperialist
activity?►How did the U.S. gain lands?►What caused the Spanish-
American War?►How did actions within
America push us into war?►How did the U.S. treat
conquered or acquired lands?
I can. . . Evaluate, take, and defend
positions on the various U.S. foreign policies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
Analyze the causes and consequences of the Spanish-American War
Identify and evaluate the factors that influenced U.S. imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the ensuing debate over imperialism
What led to the U.S. quest?
►Economic InterestsIndustrial Revolution
Close of the Frontier
►Military NeedsAlfred Thayer Mahan
What led to the U.S. quest?
►Example of European NationsThe scramble for territory
►IdeologyAmerican Nationalism Josiah Strong’s Our Country
First Acquisitions►Alaska
Purchased from Russia (1867)►Sec. of State William Seward
Reduce foreign possessions in NA
Vast natural resources Statehood (1959) Importance
►Resources: timber, fur, fish, coal, oil, gold
►Polar air routes►Close to Russia (air bases)
First Acquisitions►Hawaii
Acquired (Taken!)►Supply and fueling station►Drew missionaries►American investors
Statehood (1959) Importance►Sugar and pineapples►Pearl Harbor
How it happened►Wealthy white planters gained
influence and power within Hawaiian society due to prosperous sugar sales to the U.S.
►A group plots against the king and forces him to sign a new constitution in 1887 – the Bayonet Const. (Pearl Harbor ours)
►1890 – when the economy went south they try to restore control (U.S. ousts Liliuokalani in 1893; annexed in 1898)
The Spanish-American War
An American Empire in the
Making
Simmering Unrest in Cuba
►Cuba was a Spanish possession
►Since 1868 they had launched a series of revolts
►Spain was weakening►Jose Marti
Exiled in NY, he forms the Cuban Revolutionary Party (1892) and leads a revolt in 1895
The Butcher► Spain
responds with Valeriano Weyler Camps
set up for civilians►Some
200,000 die
Why U.S. interest?►Geographic proximity – 90
miles away►Economic interests - $100
mil. in trade; $50 mil. invested
►Humanitarian concerns – deaths of especially women and children due to hunger and disease
The Media’s Role►American’s were already
sympathetic American tradition of
Revolution Plus it gets a European nation
out►But the “information” they
received concerning Weyler fed it
►Two competing media moguls are key William Randolph Hearst – NY
Journal Joseph Pulitzer – NY World
Yellow Journalism► Scandalous
stories and large shocking illustrations
► Sensationalized news stories
► They sent reporters, but relied on Cuban sources
The de Lome Letter► President
McKinley was openly criticized by Spain’s Minister to the U.S.
► Cuban spy acquires it
► Published in the NY Journal
► In February
The Explosion of the Maine
► The U.S.S. Maine had been sent to Havana Harbor on a visit (protection; show of force)
► Feb. 15, 1898 – the Maine mysteriously explodes: 260 killed
► Yellow journalists go into high gear
► But no declaration of war until April 25th
War in the Philippines►The first action took place
here because that is where the Spanish fleet was
►Adm. George Dewey sent here by Asst. Sec. of the Navy Teddy Roosevelt
►Dewey held his fire (nearest resupply was 7,000 miles away)
►We had new steel-hulled and iron ships
►Took only hours
War in Cuba► Teller
Amendment – we will not take you over
► U.S. military not prepared: Wool
uniforms Bad beef Hodge-
podge of soldiers
War in Cuba► Rough
Riders – led by Teddy Roosevelt
► Buffalo soldiers
► Cavalry unit – not really; horses left in America or drowned
Consequences of the War
►Treaty of Paris Spain gives up claims to Cuba Puerto Rico and Guam ceded
to U.S. Philippines to the U.S. for $20
million► It was a “Splendid Little War”►But cost $250 million and 2,000
lives (most from yellow fever)
Arguments for Annexing the Philippines
► Duty to spread values and culture Christianize the Filipinos
► Economic and strategic importance Trade routes to China and the
rest of the Asian markets Get it before it falls to a
European power
Opponent’s Views► It’s a violation of our own
Declaration of Independence (the idea of self government)
► African Americans didn’t want to export oppression
► It would open the door to new immigrants
► It would undercut the American worker
American Rule► Annexation in
1899► Rebellion led by
Emilio Aguinaldo He had already
set up a new government and proclaimed himself president
He was prepared to fight
American Rule► The Insurrection
3 years by U.S. accounts; until 1913 by the Filipinos
4,000 U.S. deaths 200,000+ Filipino deaths (about
20,000 military; the rest “as a result of the war and disease”) Some estimates as high as 1 mil.
They call it the Philippine-American War
American Rule ►Charges of brutality and
torture on both sides►Many famous Americans were
outspoken against this conflict American Anti-Imperialist
League formed William Jennings Bryan,
Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie
►1. Who are the individuals in this political cartoon? Look at the entire cartoon.
►2. What is this cartoon trying to express to the viewer? What is your evidence?
What are the people doing? Why?
►3. What would you title this political cartoon?