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Blue Brain ProjectFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Blue Brain Project is an attempt to create a synthetic brain by reverse-engineering the

mammalian brain down to the molecular level.

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality

standards. (Consider using more specific cleanup instructions.)

Please help improve this article if you can. The talk page may

contain suggestions. (March 2010)

The aim of the project, founded in May 2005 by the Brain and Mind Institute of the cole Polytechnique

Fdrale de Lausanne(Switzerland) is to study the brain's architectural and functional principles. The

project is headed by the Institute's director, Henry Markram. Using a Blue Genesupercomputer

running Michael Hines's NEURON software, the simulation does not consist simply of an artificial

neural network, but involves a biologically realistic model of neurons.[1][2][not in citation given] It is hoped

that it will eventually shed light on the nature of consciousness.[citation needed]

There are a number of sub-projects, including the Cajal Blue Brain, coordinated by the Supercomputing

and Visualization Center of Madrid (CeSViMa), and others run by universities and independent

laboratories in the UK, US, and Israel.

The initial goal of the project, completed in December 2006,[3] was the simulation of a rat neocortical

column, which can be considered the smallest functional unit of the neocortex (the part of the brain

thought to be responsible for higher functions such as conscious thought). Such a column is about

2mm tall, has a diameter of 0.5mm and contains about 60,000 neurons in humans; rat neocortical

columns are very similar in structure but contain only 10,000 neurons (and 108synapses). Between

1995 and 2005, Markram mapped the types of neurons and their connections in such a column.

A longer term goal is to build a detailed, functional simulation of the physiological processes in the

human brain: "It is not impossible to build a human brain and we can do it in 10 years," HenryMarkram, director of the Blue Brain Project said in 2009 at the TED conference in Oxford.[4] In a BBC

World Service interview he said: "If we build it correctly it should speak and have an intelligence and

behave very much as a human does."[4]

Contents

1 Goals

1.1 Neocortical column modelling

1.2 Whole brain simulation

2 Progress

2.1 Funding

2.2 Cajal Blue Brain (Spain)

3 See also

4 Notes

5 References

6 External links

Goals [edit]

Neocortical column modelling [edit]

Whole brain simulation [edit]

Progress [edit]

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In November 2007,[5] the project reported the end of the first phase, delivering a data-driven process for

creating, validating, and researching the neocortical column.

By 2005 the first single cellular model was completed. The first artificial cellular neocortical column of

10,000 cells was built by 2008. By July 2011 a cellular mesocircuit of 100 neocortical columns with a

million cells in total was built. A cellular rat brain is planned for 2014 with 100 mesocircuits totalling a

hundred million cells. Finally a cellular human brain is predicted possible by 2023 equivalent to 1000

rat brains with a total of a hundred billion cells.[6][7]

Now that the column is finished, the project is currently busying itself with the publishing of initial

results in scientific literature, and pursuing two separate goals:

1. construction of a simulation on the molecular level,[1] which is desirable since it allows studying

the effects of gene expression;

2. simplification of the column simulation to allow for parallel simulation of large numbers of

connected columns, with the ultimate goal of simulating a whole neocortex (which in humans

consists of about 1 million cortical columns).

The project is funded primarily by the Swiss government and secondarily by grants and some

donations from private individuals. The EPFL bought the Blue Gene computer at a reduced cost

because at that stage it was still a prototype and IBM was interested in exploring how different

applications would perform on the machine. BBP was a kind of beta tester.[8]

The project is a candidate for a Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) research grant from the

European Commission. The grant would bring in 1 billion over 10 years. The final decision on the

grant is expected in the second half of 2012. If the grant is awarded, the project will be renamed the

Human Brain Project.[9]

The Cajal Blue Brain[10] is coordinated by the Technical

University of Madridand uses the facilities of the

Supercomputing and Visualization Center of Madrid and its

supercomputer Magerit. The Cajal Institute also participates

in this collaboration. The main lines of research currently

being pursued at Cajal Blue Brain include neurological

experimentation and computer simulations.

Nanotechnology, in the form of a newly designed brain

microscope, plays an important role in its research plans.[11]

Artificial brain

Artificial intelligence

Artificial neural network

Cognitive science

Neural network

Neuroinformatics

Social simulation

Whole brain emulation

1. ^ abGraham-Rowe, Duncan. "Mission to build a simulated brain begins" , NewScientist, June 2005.2. ^ Palmer, Jason. Simulated brain closer to thought , BBC News.

3. ^"Project Milestones" . Blue Brain. Retrieved 2008-08-11.4. ^ abJonathan Fildes (22 July 2009). "Artificial brain '10 years away'" . BBC News. Retrieved 2011-01-

07.

5. ^"News and Media information" . Blue Brain. Retrieved 2008-08-11.

6. ^"Henry Markram: Simulating the brain; the next decisive years, video [3/3 07:00"]. Retrieved 2011-

08-29.

7. ^"Henry Markram: Simulating the brain; the next decisive years - 07:00" . Retrieved 2011-08-29.

Funding [edit]

Cajal Blue Brain (Spain) [edit]

Cajal Blue Brain used Magerit

supercomputer (CeSViMa)

See also [edit]

Notes [edit]

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8. ^"Blue Brain Project - IBM has not withdrawn support" . Henry Markram, Project Director as quotedby IBM Switzerland to Technology Report on January 19, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-14.

9. ^"European researchers chase billion-euro technology prize" . Nature, March 8, 2011.

10. ^"Cajal Blue Brain Project" . Retrieved 2011-01-07.

11. ^"Nanotechnology Microscope for Brain Studies" . Retrieved 2011-01-07.

IBM Aims To Simulate A Brain , Forbes, 6 June 2005.

Mission to build a simulated brain begins , [New

Scientist]News, 6 June 2005.Blue Brain Project site , Lausanne.

FAQ on Blue Brain .

NCS documentation .

NEURON documentation .

Henry Markram, "The Blue Brain Project", Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 7:153-160, 2006

February. PMID 16429124 .

Growing a Brain in Switzerland , Der Spiegel, 7 February 2007

Out of the Blue-- Can a thinking, remembering, decision-making, biologically accurate brain be

built from a supercomputer? , Seed Magazine, March 2008

Reconstructing the Heart of Mammalian Intelligence Henry Markram's Lecture, March 4, 2008.

The Blue Brain Project Henry Markram's Lecture, Neuro Informatics 2008.

The Blue Brain Project an Interview with Idan Segev.

Simulated brain closer to thought BBC News 22 April 2009

Firing Up the Blue Brain -"We Are 10 Years Away From a Functional Artificial Human Brain"

Luke McKinney, July 2009

Henry Markram builds a brain in a supercomputer TED Conference. July 2009

Indian startup to help copy your brain on computers Silicon India. 1 February 2010

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