Ht Presentation 0906

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Brahmaputra floods in IndiaPeriod Average Annual

Area flooded ( mha)

Floodedcrop areaas % of totalinundated area

AverageAnnualno of

peopleaffected,m

AverageannualdamageRs MTotal Cropped

1953-59 1.013 0.1 8.85 0.86 58.6

1960-69 0.75 0.16 21.33 1.52 75.7

1970-79 0.87 0.18 20.69 2.00 151.8

1980-88 1.43 0.40 28.05 4.55 1445.2

1999-2005 1.07 0.38 35.65 4.586 7171.7



Embankments: Experience so far Change the character of floodsSilted rivers: Raised riverbedsPeople trapped within the embankments vs thoseoutsideSand castingWater loggingProlonged floodingFalse Sense of security: Breakdown of copingmechanismsInadequate maintenanceNo role for the peopleGovt response: Bigger, stronger embankmentsNo Independent assessment of performance of embankments



Experience with Large Dams

Farakka: Impact in Malda, Murshidabad,upstream in India, downstream inBangladeshDamodar ValleyKangsabati

Mayurakshi2006 experience elsewhere in India



T he Proposed dams in GBM

Under Construction : Pagladiya, SubansiriLower, Kameng, Teesta (at least 3)

Under Approval process : Tipaimukh,Teesta (at least 4)In the pipeline : Pancheshwar, Saptakoshi-Sunkoshi, Karnali, Dibang, Siang, SubansiriMiddle, Subansiri Upper, 50 others



an so ve oo pro emAccording to President (speech on 110505) floodaffects 8 major basins, 40 m ha and 260 m peopleILR is to have Lined Canals with 1:3,000 to 1:5,000slope or 0.33 to 0.20 m per km. Maximum flow velocity2 m/s. A 100 m wide & 10 m deep lined canal can

carry about 1,000 cumecs.River Peak flood

discharge(cumecs) Water to be divertedthrough ILR canal(cumecs)

BRAHMAPUTRA 60,000 1,500 (2.5%)

GANGA 50,000 1,000 (2.0%) (Figures thanks to SG Vombatkere, ILR figures from official website: www.riverlinks.nic.in)

ILR can clearly not help solve flood problem



What do experts say about ILR and Floods?Dr. Bharat S ingh , Professor Emeritus at the Water

Resources Development Training Centre at the IIT,Rourkee, and Member of the National Commission for Integrated Water Resources Development Plan (1996-99), has said, ³any water resources engineer willimmediately discard the idea of the inter-linking of rivers as a flood control measure´ ( A big dr eam of l itt le lo gic, The Hindustan Times, 9 March 2003).John Bricoe, Senior Water Resources Expert of theWorld Bank has said, "River linking per se will do littleto reduce flood damage since the size of the linkcanals would usually be miniscule compared to floodflows." Junaid Ahmad, Senior Manager, SocialDevelopment, World Bank was also said ILR won¶t

help flood problems.



Responses to ILR

Bihar W Bengal

AssamBangladeshNepal

Civil SocietyExperts



N orth East Valley Proposal

What is the proposal: Development of NE as aRiver Valley on the lines of TVA

What it means: Large dams, big hydropower projects, treating water, rivers and forests as ar esou rc e

Who are behind it: the PM, the World BankWhat has been the response so far: ArunachalPradesh, Civil Society



N epal: S ome recent Developments2002: Water Resources Strategy finalised byWECS, Govt of NepalTenth Plan (2003-8) has major focus onDisasters: Natural and Human induced,including a policy on disaster risk reduction2005: National Water Plan with specific focuson water induced disasters

2006: Water Induced Disaster ManagementPolicy includes strategy of preservation of rivers, river-basins and environment for

sustainable use



Indo N epal IssuesSarada, Koshi, Gandak, Mahakali agreements& implementationBig dams: Pancheshwar, Koshi, Karnali,Bagmati, Kamala, West SetiEmbankments: Laxmanpur, others16 committee when last countedPerceptionsFloodforecasting



Bangladesh: S ome Recent Developments

1993-4: Agitation on FAP1995: Flood and Water Management Strategy Report1998: National Water Policy2000: National Water Resources Database created at

WARPO- Water Resources Planning Organisation2004: National Water Management Plan final byWARPO, Ministry of Water Resources (Netherlandsinvolvement)2003-2008: Integrated Planning for Sustainable Water Management, implemented by Bangladesh Water Development Board



Indo Bangladesh issues

Farakka1977-1996 treaty and thereafter ILR

TipaimukhTessta, 52 other riversJoint River Commission: functioning and non

functioningPush for mutilateralism on Nepal DamsPerceptions



T he World Bank Role in the RegionEarly 1990s:

o SSP in Indiao Arun 3 in Nepalo FAP in BD

History: Funding DVCNow pushing the NE Valley Authority on thelines of TVAPushing large dams under the 2002 WRSS,calling them high risk, high reward projects



S ome Other PlayersADBBilaterals like DFID, JBIC, USAID, SIDA,Netherlands, DANIDAChina, Bhutan, Myanmar SAARCAttempts at multilateralismCorporate bodiesExperts, AcademicsNGOsClimate Change



Flood Forecasting

Started in 1980Info not in public domain

CWC the main agencyPerformance in 2006 shows the problemsNo independent performance appraisal

Climate Change makes flood forecasting evenmore relevant



T he factors that help convert floods into disaster

Destruction of forests

Destruction of water retention, percolationsystems in the catchmentConstruction (roads, railways, canals,

embankments, urban & industrial estates)without necessary drainage in the catchmentInadequate maintenance of embankments

(once they have been constructed, that is)Improper operation of dams (once they havebeen constructed, that is)



S ome A dvocacy Issues

Advocacy for National Drainage Policy,National Drainage CommissionNational & Regional Watchdog Network onflood management in particular and WRD ingeneralThe Network can take up monitoring role tobegin withAdvocacy for transparency and accountability inFlood Management



S ome Functions of the proposed watchdogCritical monitoring of CWC performance on flood

forecastingAll flood forecasting data (including those sharedbetween nations) should be in public domainTake up some flood forecasting in selected areas

Advocacy for norms on drainage provision while takingup roads, railways, canals, urban and other developments that can congest drainageUse RTI (this even those involved in Flood relief can

take up) to make govt transparent, accountable onflood management issuesDemand transparency in functioning of internationalcommittees, commissions

Advocacy on National Plans (e.g. 11 th Plan AP)



Watchdog functions - 2EMBANKMENTSReview performance of selected embankments ascase studiesDemand transparency in planning, decision making,construction and maintenance of embankments, useRTE

Advocacy for community role in embankmentmaintenance, take up some specific embankment tofocus

Advocacy for decommissioning of selectembankments after proper studiesUse Public Hearings to highlight problems withembankments



Watchdog functions - 3DAMS

Critical examination of dams proposed for flood controlCritical examination of performance w.r.t. flood controlof dams already constructedDemand implementation of WCD like guidelines inplanning, decision making and implementation of Dams and other projectsNORTH EAST VALLEY PLANS

Critical review and advocacyResearch and documentation of DVC experienceCritical review of existing projects in NE



T hank you

South Asia Network onDams, Rivers & [email protected]

September 2006

Ht Presentation 0906

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