HRM 522 Week 5 Midterm Exam Strayer NEW

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Chapters 1 Through 6

Chapter 1

1. Principles area. laws and regulations that guide behavior in the world of business. b. mores, values, and customs that guide behavior in general.c. specific and pervasive boundaries for behavior that are universal and absolute.d. the obligations businesses assume to maximize their positive impact and minimize their negative impact on stakeholders.e. the mores, values, and customs that parents teach their children.

2. Social responsibility isa. an organization's obligation to maximize its positive effects and minimize its negative effects on stakeholders. b. principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business.c. a business's responsibility not to pollute the environment.d. a business's responsibility to manufacture products that function properly. e. charitable contributions made by a business to enhance its image.

3. The

was/were enacted to restore confidence in financial reporting and business ethics after the accounting

scandals of the early 2000s.a. Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct b. Sarbanes-Oxley Actc. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations d. Foreign Corrupt Practices Acte. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

4. The term business ethics is best described by the following statement:a. It is the study and philosophy of human conduct, with an emphasis on determining right and wrong.b. It is an "inquiry into the nature and grounds of morality where the term morality is taken to mean moral judgments, standards and rules of conduct."c. It is the "study of the general nature of morals and of specific moral choices; moral philosophy; and the rules or standards governing the conduct of the members of a profession."d. It is an organization's obligation to maximize its positive effects and minimize its negative effects on stakeholders.e. It comprises the principles, values, and standards that guide behavior in the world of business.

5. Which of the following is not one of the rights spelled out by John F. Kennedy in his "Consumers' Bill of Rights"?a. The right to choose b. The right to safetyc. The right to be informed d. The right to be ethicale. The right to be heard

6. During the 1990s the institutionalization of business ethics was largely driven by which piece of legislation?a. Sarbanes-Oxley Actb. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizationsc. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act d. Foreign Corrupt Practices Acte. Global Sullivan Principles

7. Business ethics, as a field, has passed through which of the following states?a. A field of study to theological discussion to recognition of social issues b. Recognition of social issues to a field of study to theological discussion c. A field of study to recognition of social issues to theological discussion d. Recognition of social issues to theological discussion to a field of study e. Theological discussion to recognition of social issues to a field of study

8. The 1960s saw a rise of consumerism. What is consumerism?a. An increase in consumer rights by organizations and governments b. The growth of international retail chain storesc. Activities undertaken by independent individuals, and groups to protect their rights as consumers d. The widespread adoption of consumer oriented marketing strategies among businessese. Organizations tendency to seek ways to take advantage of consumers

9. Ethics is a part of decision makinga. at all levels of work and management.b. primarily at the upper management levels of an organization. c. mostly for policy makers.d. that is less important than other decision making processes. e. only at that lower levels of organizational management.

10. Which of the following was developed in the 1980s to guide corporate support for ethical conduct by establishing a method for discussing best practices?a. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizationsb. Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct c. Corporate codes of conductd. United States Sentencing Commission e. MERCOSUR

11. The

focus(es) on firms taking action to prevent and detect business misconduct in cooperation with

government regulation.a. United States Sentencing Commissionb. Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct c. World Trade Organizationd. United Nations Global Compacte. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations

12. The study of business ethics is important to better understand all of the following excepta. that a person's own moral philosophies and decision-making experience may not be sufficient to guide him or her in the business world.b. how and why people make ethical or unethical decisions.c. how to cope with conflicts between a person's own values and those of the organization in which he or she works.d. that business ethics is entirely an extension of an individual's own personal ethics. e. how to identify ethical issues arising in the business world.

13. According to the role of ethical culture in performance, all of these are drivers of profit excepta. trust.b. investor loyalty.c. employee commitment. d. customer satisfaction.e. opportunity for misconduct.

14. More than a compliance program, business ethics is becoming a. a management issue to achieve competitive advantage.b. less accepted by society.c. mainly a government regulatory issue.d. an initiative led by nonprofit organizations.e. a program that decreases profits but increases societal benefits.

15. Having acceptable personal ethics is probably not going to be sufficient to handle complex business ethical issues when an individual hasa. family concerns. b. an unethical boss.c. limited business experience. d. financial training.e. a marketing background.

16. One of the major ethical issues President Obamas administration focused on wasa. decreasing environmental legislation. b. deregulation.c. tax decreases.d. incentives to oil companies.e. health care and consumer protection.

17. Which of the following is generally not considered a business ethics issue?a. Harassmentb. Accounting fraud c. Employee theftd. Misuse of organizational resources e. Corporate hierarchy

18. Which represented a far-reaching change to organizational control and accounting systems, making securities fraud a criminal offense?a. Council on Economic Priorities and Social Accountability 8000. b. Sarbanes-Oxley Act.c. Consumer Protection Act.d. Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct.e. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

19. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act outlawed a. accounting fraud.b. price collusion.c. corruption in government.d. bribery of officials in other countries. e. executive misconduct.

20. Which of the following was not a provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?a. It stiffened penalties for corporate fraud.b. It created an accounting oversight board that requires corporations to establish codes of ethics for financial reporting.c. It required top executives to sign off on their firms' financial statements. d. It outlawed bribery of officials in other countries.e. It made securities fraud a criminal offense.

21. Which of the following is not cited as an example of a global collaborative effort to establish standards of business conduct?a. Council on Economic Priorities' Social Accountability 8000 b. Ethical Trading Initiativec. U.S. Apparel Industry Partnershipd. United States Sentencing Commission e. World Trade Organization

22. Because of Sarbanes-Oxley, publicly traded companies must develop financial reporting.a. ethics officersb. ethics programs c. codes of ethics d. legal counsele. accountants

to assist in maintaining transparency in

23. is essential in building long-term relationships between businesses and consumers. a. Profitsb. Dividends c. Trustd. Hubrise. Codes of ethics

24. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act a. was very popular among Wall Street bankers.b. represented only modest reform.c. came out of theological discussions in the 1920s.d. was designed to make the financial services industry more responsible. e. made it mandatory for public corporations to hire ethics officers.

25. In the Reagan/Bush eras, the major focus of the business world was on a. self-regulation rather than regulation by government.b. decreasing the number of mergers.c. decreasing the multinational presence in the U.S. marketplace. d. increasing government influence on the economic arena.e. improving business ethics.

26. The six principles of the Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct became the foundation for a. Better Business Bureau ethical guidelines.b. the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations. c. the Ethical Trading Initiative.d. the Federal Trade Commission compliance requirements. e. the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

27. Ethical culture is defined asa. rules, standards, and moral principles regarding what is right or wrong in specific situations. b. the establishment and enforcement of ethical codes throughout the organization.c. the development of rules and norms that are socially enforced.d. the codification of laws to reward organizations for taking action to prevent misconduct. e. acceptable behavior as defined by the company and industry.

28. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations set the tone for organizational ethics compliance programs by a. codifying into law incentives for organizations to take action such as developing ethical compliance programsto prevent misconduct.b. forcing all organizations to develop mandatory reporting systems.c. eliminating most of the federal legislation that created inefficient and time-consuming activities for businesses. d. providing a study of moral philosophies.e. providing an examination of company codes of ethics.

29. Which of the following statements about the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations is false?a. They use a routine mechanical approach that forces all firms to use the same means to avert serious penalties.b. They strive to prevent misconduct.c. They encourage companies to develop standards and procedures capable of detecting and preventing misconduct.d. They utilize a carrot and stick approach by taking preventive action against misconduct.e. They encourage the appointment of high-level personnel responsible for oversight of the compliance program.

30. Which of the following is not one of the benefits of being ethical and socially responsible in business?a. Greater employee commitmentb. A high degree of employee dissentc. Improved customer trust and satisfaction d. Increased investor loyaltye. Better financial performance

31. Employees' perceptions of their firm as having an ethical climate leads to a. lack of focus on goals.b. greater focus on education.c. increased community involvement.d. improved relationships with competitors. e. enhanced performance.

32. Employees feel less pressure to compromise ethically, observe less misconduct, are more satisfied with their organizations, and feel more valued whena. they are new at their jobs.b. they are paid to ignore problems in the workplace. c. they do not agree with an organizations values.d. they have very high compensation.e. they see honesty, respect, and trust applied in the workplace.

33. Investors are concerned about business ethics because they know that misconduct can a. foster stability.b. improve employee commitment. c. improve customer loyalty.d. lower stock value and prices.e. complicate business financial reporting.

34. Most organizations with strong ethical climates usually focus on the core value of placing interests first. a. customers'b. employees'c. stockholders' d. suppliers'e. distributors'

35. Which of the following is not something a firm might do to encourage organizational ethics and compliance?a. Employee ethics trainingb. Hiring a compliance officerc. Ignoring potential ethical issues d. Writing a code of ethicse. Conducting an ethics and compliance audit.

36. How does ethics contribute to customer satisfaction?

37. Discuss the evolution of business ethics as a field of study from before 1960 to the present.

38. Why is it important that businesspeople study business ethics?

39. We all learn values from sources such as family, religion, and school. Why might these sources of individual values not prove very helpful when making complex business decisions?

40. Discuss the current state of business ethics in the twenty-first century.

41. How do values and judgments play a critical role when we make ethical decisions?

Chapter 2

1. Those who have a claim in some aspect of a firm's products, operations, markets, industry, and outcomes are known asa. shareholders. b. stockholders. c. stakeholders. d. claimholders.e. special-interest groups.

2. Stakeholders' power over businesses stems from their a. ability to withdraw or withhold resources.b. ability to generate profits. c. media impact.d. political influence. e. stock ownership.

3. Which of the following do not typically engage in transactions with a company and thus are not essential for its survival?a. Employeesb. Secondary stakeholders c. Primary stakeholdersd. Investorse. Customers

4. A firm that makes use of a

recognizes other stakeholders beyond investors, employees, and suppliers, and

explicitly acknowledges the two-way dialog that exists between a firm's internal and external environments. a. stakeholder model of corporate governanceb. stakeholder bias c. code of ethicsd. stakeholder interaction model e. corporate interface model

5. The degree to which a firm understands and addresses stakeholder demands can be referred to as a. a stakeholder orientation.b. a shareholder orientation.c. the stakeholder interaction model. d. a two-way street.e. a continuum.

6. Which of the following industries tends to generate a high level of trust from consumers and stakeholders?a. Insuranceb. Technology c. Banksd. Mortgage lenders e. Financial services

7. Which of the following is not a benefit that primary stakeholders tend to provide to organizations?a. Supplies of capital and resources. b. Expertise and leadershipc. Word-of-mouth promotion d. Infrastructuree. Pro-bono bookkeeping

8. A stakeholder group that is absolutely necessary for a firms survival is defined asa. direct.b. tertiary.c. secondary.d. special-interest. e. primary.

9. When unethical acts are discovered in a firm, in most instances a. they are caused by unwilling participants.b. the cause is due to external stakeholders.c. the perpetrators are caught and prosecuted.d. there was knowing cooperation or complicity from within the company. e. the cause is a corrupt Board of Directors.

10. Which of the following is not a method typically employed by firms when researching relevant stakeholder groups?a. Surveysb. Focus groupsc. Internet searches d. Press reviewse. Guessing

11. A stakeholder orientation can be viewed as a(n)a. necessity for business success. b. continuum.c. polarizing concept.d. good marketing ploy. e. expensive proposition.

12. Shareholders provide resources to an organization that are critical to long term success. Which of the following does the book suggest that suppliers offer?a. The promise of customer loyaltyb. Material resources and/or intangible knowledge c. Infrastructured. Revenuee. Leadership skills

13. Which of the following is not associated with the stakeholder interaction model?a. Involves a two-way relationship between firm and stakeholders b. Recognizes the input of investors, employees, and suppliersc. Explicitly acknowledges dialogue with a firm's internal environment d. Explicitly acknowledges dialogue with a firm's external environmente. Identifies the mass media, special interest groups, competitors, and trade associations as primary stakeholders

14. The first of the three activities that are associated with the stakeholder orientation is the a. organization-wide generation of data.b. organization's responsiveness to intelligence. c. set of consumer attributes identified.d. organizational strategy of target markets.e. human relations department's set of priorities.

15. Public health and safety and support of local organizations are issues most relevant to which stakeholder group?a. Investorsb. Community c. Suppliersd. Customers e. Employees

16. Minimizing the use of energy and reducing emissions and waste are issues of importance to which stakeholder?a. Environmental groups b. Suppliersc. Employeesd. Industry leaders e. Investors

17. The idea that the mission of business is to produce goods and services at a profit, thus maximizing its contribution to society is associated witha. Adam Smith.b. Theodore Levitt. c. Norman Bowie. d. Herman Millere. Milton Friedman.

18. The originator of the idea of the invisible hand, which is a fundamental concept in free market capitalism, was a. Adam Smith.b. Theodore Levitt. c. Norman Bowie. d. Herman Millere. Milton Friedman.

19. Some economists believe that if companies address economic and legal issues, they are satisfying the demands of society, and that trying to anticipate and meet additional needs would be almost impossible. Which economists theory are they following most closely with this belief?a. Adam Smith.b. Theodore Levitt. c. Norman Bowie. d. Herman Millere. Milton Friedman.

20. In ascending order, Carroll's four levels of social responsibility are a. ethical, legal, economic, philanthropic.b. economic, ethical philanthropic, legal. c. economic, legal, ethical, philanthropic. d. legal, ethical, economic, philanthropic. e. ethical, legal, moral, economic.

21. The term used to express how a firm meets its stakeholder expectations of its economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities isa. reputation.b. corporate citizenship.c. corporate ethical audit. d. ethical citizenship.e. fiduciary duties.

22. In corporate governance, is the process of auditing and improving organizational decisions and actions. a. profitb. loyaltyc. accountability d. controle. diligence

23. Accountability, oversight, and control all fall under the definition and implementation of corporate a. profit.b. loyalty. c. care.d. governance. e. diligence.

24. Major corporate governance issues normally involve decisions. (Choose the response that is most correct)a. strategic-level b. tactical-levelc. divisional-level d. marketing-level e. accounting-level

25. Which of the following is a major ethical concern among corporate boards of directors?a. Compensationb. The non-traditional directorship approach c. Dividend reportingd. Corporate social audits e. Debt swaps

26. One policy to address the issue of executive pay was implemented by J.P. Morgan, it stated that a. there should be no limit on what top executives can earn.b. managers should earn no more than twenty times the pay of other employees. c. top managers should make the same amount as other employees.d. employees can determine how much managers make.e. the government should determine the worth of each managers service.

27. The specific steps for implementing the stakeholder perspective do not include which of the following?a. Identifying stakeholder groups b. Identifying stakeholder issuesc. Identifying and gaining stakeholder feedback d. Identifying and gaining government feedbacke. Assessing organizational commitment to social responsibility groups

28. What are the four levels of social responsibility?a. Financial, religious, ethical, and philanthropicb. Ethical, philanthropic, selfish, and short-sighted c. Economic, long-term, ethical, and philanthropic. d. Legal, economic, ethical, and philanthropice. Economic, compliance, legal, and philanthropic

29. The model is founded in classic economic precepts. a. economicb. shareholder c. stakeholder d. boarde. ISO

30. Which of the following are not typically secondary stakeholders?a. Television news anchors b. Special-interest groupsc. Customersd. Trade associations e. Journalists

31. Which of the following are not typically primary stakeholders?a. Customersb. Trade associations c. Employeesd. Shareholders e. Suppliers

32. Why do critics argue that high compensation for boards of directors is a bad thing?a. It is too expensive for the organization.b. It could cause conflicts of interest between the directors and the organization. c. It is not fair to poorly compensated employees.d. High pay will render the board less complacent.e. Board of director compensation is not a major issue.

33. Board members being linked to more than one company is an example of a. strategic philanthropy.b. stakeholder commitment. c. interlocking directorate.d. conflict of interest. e. an illegal activity.

34. What is the first step in implementing a stakeholder perspective in an organization?a. Identifying resources and determining urgency b. Identifying stakeholder groupsc. Identifying stakeholder issuesd. Assessing the corporate culturee. Assessing organizational commitment to social responsibility

35. A stakeholder orientation is not complete unless it includes a. clear accounting procedures.b. major financing activities. c. marketing strategy.d. feedback from special-interest groups.e. activities that actually address stakeholder issues.

36. Compare and contrast the stakeholder and shareholder models of corporate governance.

37. Why is ethical misconduct more difficult to overcome than poor financial performance?

38. Discuss the difference between primary and secondary stakeholders in the stakeholder interaction model and give examples for each type.

39. Why do some businesspeople and scholars question whether ethics should have a role in business?

40. Discuss three corporate governance issues, why they are defined as issues, and how you would solve them. Use examples in your answer.

Chapter 3

1. An ethical issue is a problem, situation, or opportunity a. that has no correct answer.b. that harms the environment.c. requiring society as a whole to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong.d. requiring an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong, ethical or unethical.e. requiring an individual, group, or organization to choose between harming consumers or the environment and earning more profits.

2. Ethical issues in business typically arise because of conflicts between individuals' personal moral philosophies and values and thea. values and attitudes of the organization in which they work. b. values and attitudes of the society in which they live.c. values and attitudes of the organization in which they work and the society in which they live. d. laws and regulations of the country in which they live.e. values and attitudes of their parents and religion.

3. is an important element of virtue and means being whole, sound, and in unimpaired condition. a. Optimizationb. Ethical issue c. Honestyd. Truste. Integrity

4. A court found an oil company guilty of placing profits over the safety and well-being of its employees. This situation can be classified asa. ethical.b. unethical.c. an ethical issue. d. a dilemma.e. a justice issue.

5. A person uncomfortable with his employer's unspoken policy of hiring only white men is experiencing a. a conflict of interest.b. an ethical issue. c. a feeling of guilt.d. cognitive dissonance. e. a moral attribute.

6. Issues related to fairness and honesty may arise because business is sometimes regarded as a a. legal case, where everything must be done to the letter of the law.b. contest, with the most ethical firm "winning."c. guerilla war where anything goes in the fight for consumers' dollars. d. game governed by its own rules rather than those of society.e. game governed by the rules of society.

7. War metaphors are common in business. This kind of mindset can be dangerous for business leaders because a. it may lead executives to become violent.b. it may foster the idea that honesty is unnecessary in business. c. it may lead organizations to be excessively aggressive.d. business is not like warfare and the metaphors are not appropriate. e. business is more like a game than a war.

8. Conflicts of interest exist when employees must choose whether toa. advance their own personal interests, those of the organization, or those of some other group. b. advance the interests of the organization or those of society.c. accept bribes or not.d. carry out an assignment they perceive to be unethical. e. report an unethical coworker.

9. is the offering of something of value in order to gain an illicit advantage. a. Shoulder surfingb. Hackingc. Gift exchanged. Conflicts of interest e. Bribery

10. Concerns involving copyright infringement on books, movies and music, and other illegally produced goods relate to which type of ethical issue?a. Conflict of interest b. Honestyc. Communications d. Discriminatione. Intellectual property rights

11.

is defined as any purposeful communication that deceives, manipulates, or conceals facts in order to create a false impression.a. Stealing b. Lyingc. Fraudd. Misappropriation e. Accounting fraud

12. In marketing communications, lying causes predicaments for companies because it destroys a. trust.b. honor.c. confidence. d. integrity.e. products.

13. When a commercial states that a product is superior to any other on the market, the marketer risks accusations of a. concealed facts.b. false labeling.c. deceptive advertising. d. concealed facts.e. puffery.

14. Optimization is defined asa. the quality of being just, equitable, and impartial. b. a trade-off between equity and efficiency.c. an interchange of giving and receiving in social relationships.d. how wealth or income is distributed between employees within a company.e. a lack of integrity, incomplete disclosure, and an unwillingness to tell the truth.

15. Which of the following has been identified by the Ethics Resource Center as the leading form of observed misconduct in organizations?a. Discrimination b. Bullyingc. Lyingd. Misuse of company resources e. Sexual harassment

16. An activity is probably ethical if ita. is approved of by most individuals in the organization and is customary in the industry.b. is approved of by no one in the organization, but has been carried out in the industry before. c. is customary in the industry.d. is not illegal.e. does not make consumers feel cheated, deceived, or manipulated.

17. The first step toward understanding business ethics is to a. know your company's ethical policies.b. know your own morals and philosophies. c. know society's ethical policies.d. develop ethical-issue awareness.e. develop a set of decision-making rules.

18. Among retail stores, is a larger problem than customer shoplifting. a. poor stock performanceb. weak leadershipc. internal employee theft d. misuse of merchandise e. employee dissatisfaction

19. The ethical decision-making process begins a. with a conflict of interest.b. when an individual experiences a conflict between his or her values and those of his or her firm. c. when stakeholders trigger ethical issue awareness and individuals openly discuss it with others. d. with a conflict in values.e. when an individual experiences a conflict between his or her values and those of society.

20. Which of the following is not a side-effect of being the victim of workplace bullying?a. Increased productivity b. Sleep disturbancec. Depressiond. Increased sick days e. Stomach problems

21. Accountants must abide by a strict code of ethics that defines their responsibilities to a. their clients only.b. their clients and the public interest. c. the public only.d. their investors and shareholders. e. government regulators.

22. Which of the following statements is most correct?a. Affirmative action programs require quotas to govern employment decisions. b. Affirmative action programs have eliminated discrimination in employment.c. Affirmative action programs are required in all organizations by law.d. Affirmative action programs involve efforts to recruit, hire, train, and promote qualified individuals from groups that have traditionally been discriminated against on the basis of race, gender, or other characteristics.e. Affirmative action programs involve efforts to avoid recruiting, hiring, training, and promoting qualified individuals from groups that have traditionally been discriminated against on the basis of race, gender, or other characteristics.

23. Which of the following is not a question you need to ask when you suspect that workplace bullying has occurred?a. Is your boss treating you well and compensating you adequately?b. Is your boss asking obviously impossible things from you without training and stating that, once completed, the work is never good enough?c. Are surprise meetings called without your knowledge?d. Have others at work told you to stop working, talking, or socializing with them?e. Are you never left alone to do your job without interference?

24. is associated with a hostile workplace where someone considered a target is threatened, harassed, belittled, or verbally abused.a. A code of conduct b. Sexual harassment c. Coercive powerd. Bullying e. Rewards

25. Which of the following is not a consequence of ethical misconduct?a. Decreased reputationb. Shaken customer loyaltyc. Reduced investor confidence d. Increased salese. Legal actions by wronged parties

26. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act specifically outlaws hiring practices that discriminate against people a. who are under the age of 18.b. who are between 16 and 20. c. who are between 39-69.d. who are past retirement age.e. who are younger than 18 and older than 49.

27. Abusive or intimidating behavior is the most common ethical problem for employees. Which of the following is notrelated to this concept?a. Physical threatsb. False accusations c. Being annoyingd. Profanitye. Performance probation

28. The

makes it illegal for individuals, firms, or third parties doing business in American markets to make

payments to foreign government officials to assist in obtaining or retaining business.a. U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)b. Kyoto Protocolc. World Trade Organization (WTO)d. Consumer Protection Act e. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

29. Mr. Smith told his client, Mr. Jabar, who was not an IT expert, that the new software systems were much better than his existing ones. To convince Mr. Jabar, Mr. Smith used a great deal of technical jargon that his client did not really understand. Mr. Smith did this intentionally to confuse Mr. Jabar. This is an example ofa. false advertising. b. commission lying. c. omission lying.d. noise.e. surrogate lying.

30. involves tricking individuals into revealing their passwords or other valuable corporate information. a. Shoulder surfingb. Remote hackingc. Social engineering d. Physical hacking e. Dumpster diving

31. When Devon looked at what another employee was typing in order to get a password, he committed a. shoulder surfing.b. whackingc. discriminationd. password guessing e. hacking

32. A company can be sued for discrimination if it a. hires minorities.b. maintains reasonable minority standards.c. discharges a minority individual, but has a just cause for doing so. d. uses age as a hiring or firing criterion.e. has more men than women on staff.

33. Affirmative action programsa. involve the promotion of unqualified employees. b. are not imposed by federal law on employers.c. are not very commonly used anymore because there is no need to protect minorities. d. only involve the training of individuals.e. involve the recruitment, hiring, promotion, and training of qualified individuals.

34. What type of fraud involves intentional deception on the part of an individual or group in order to derive an unfair economic advantage over an organization?a. Channelb. Integrative c. Consumer d. Producte. Conventional

35. What type of fraudulent activity could involve a consumer staging an accident to seek damages?a. Whacking b. Duplicity c. Guiled. Defamation e. Collusion

36. What type of fraudulent activity involves an employee who assists a consumer in fraud?a. Whacking b. Duplicity c. Guiled. Defamation e. Collusion

37. Prior to the financial meltdown, bond ratings agencies were accused of having

because they were paid by the

organizations that they rated. The organizations would shop around for the agency that gave them the best rating. a. high ethical standardsb. excessively complicated systems c. a hostile workplaced. conflicts of intereste. a good business model

38. are used to obtain or retain business and are not generally considered illegal in the U.S. a. Facilitation paymentsb. Bribes c. Giftsd. Coercive techniques e. Threats

39. Discuss how one goes about recognizing an ethical issue.

40. List three business problems, situations, or opportunities that you believe are ethical issues. Explain why.

41. Describe the different methods of obtaining corporate intelligence that competitors commonly use.

42. What is a conflict of interest? Provide an example.

43. What are the different definitions of bribery?

44. Discuss the factors that go into creating a hostile work environment. Why is this a bad thing? Give an example of a hostile work environment.

Chapter 4

1. Which of the following is not an aspect of the institutionalization of social responsibility?a. Voluntary practices b. Legal responsibilities c. Core practicesd. Familial responsibilities e. Strategic philanthropy

2. Which of the following acts can be classified as procompetitive legislation?a. Equal Pay Act of 1963 b. Civil Rights Act of 1964c. McCarran-Ferguson Act of 1944 d. Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890e. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

3. Which of the following acts exempted the insurance industry from antitrust legislation?a. Equal Pay Act of 1963 b. Civil Rights Act of 1964c. McCarran-Ferguson Act of 1944 d. Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890e. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

4. Which of the following acts, passed in response to public outrage over conditions described in Upton Sinclair's TheJungle, was the first consumer protection legislation?a. Civil Rights Act of 1964b. Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890c. Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act of 1974 d. Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 e. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

5. The

was established after the latest financial crisis, in response to a situation that caused many consumers to

lose their homes.a. Environmental Protection Agency b. World Bankc. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau d. World Trade Organizatione. Sarbanes-Oxley Act

6. Which of the following is not a provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?a. Strengthens penalties for corporate fraudb. Discourages the creation of ethical and legal compliance programs c. Requires codes of ethics for financial reporting in corporationsd. Makes fraudulent financial reporting a criminal offense e. Requires greater transparency in financial reporting

7. Which of the forces of the business environment involves the rivalry among businesses for customers and profits?a. The economic dimension b. The legal dimensionc. The competitive dimensiond. The technological dimensione. The voluntary responsibilities dimension

8. The

regulates tobacco, dietary supplements, vaccines, veterinary drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, products

that give off radiation, and biological products. a. World Trade Organizationb. Consumer Financial Protection Agency c. Department of Justiced. Environmental Protection Agency e. The Food and Drug Administration

9. Which of the following groups is not a group that receives special legal protections?a. The elderly b. Childrenc. Senior citizensd. The highly educated e. Young consumers

10. The

was called a sweeping overhaul of the financial regulatory systemon a scale not seen since the

reforms that followed the Great Depression.a. Equal Pay Actb. Americans with Disabilities Actc. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act d. Age Discrimination in Employment Acte. VII of the Civil Rights Act

11. law defines the rights and duties of individuals and organizations (including businesses). a. Civilb. Criminalc. Competitived. Administrative e. Regulatory

12.

law not only prohibits specific actions in business such as fraud, theft, or securities trading violations, but also imposes fines or imprisonment as punishment for breaking the law.a. Civilb. Criminalc. Competitived. Administrative e. Regulatory

13. Which of the following is not a provision of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act?a. Increases the accountability and transparency of financial institutions b. Creates a bureau to educate consumers in financial literacyc. Creates an organization to pay the bills of low-income consumers d. Create incentives for whistle-blowers to come forwarde. Increases oversight of the financial industry

14.

is the synergistic and mutually beneficial use of an organizations core competencies and resources to dealwith key stakeholders so as to bring about organizational and societal benefits. a. Social responsibilityb. Business ethicsc. Corporate philanthropy d. Strategic philanthropye. Cause-related marketing

15. Anticompetitive strategies that focus on weakening or destroying a competitor have spurred antitrust legislation and include all of the following excepta. sustained price cuts. b. free samples.c. discriminatory pricing. d. price collusion.e. corporate espionage.

16. Which is not one of the four sources of criminal and civil laws?a. Judicial lawb. Common lawc. Constitutional law d. Administrative law e. Statutory law

17. The

is an independent agency within the Federal Reserve System that regulate[s] the offering and provision

of consumer financial products or services under the Federal consumer financial laws.a. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau b. Federal Reservec. World Trade Organization d. Department of Justicee. Federal Trade Commission

18. The primary objective of U.S. antitrust laws is toa. protect consumers from high prices and foreign products. b. protect domestic businesses.c. protect employees.d. promote strategies that enhance business welfare over consumer welfare.e. distinguish competitive strategies that enhance consumer welfare from those that reduce it.

19. What is a primary reason why some small businesses resist the opening of large chain retailers like Walmart orHome Depot?a. Because the large size creates economies of scale and they can charge lower prices b. Because the selection in the stores is too largec. Because large retailers attract crime to neighborhoods in which they are based d. Because community leaders do not like the top managemente. Because large retailers almost never hire local workers as employees

20.

focus(es) on developing sound organizational practices and integrity for financial and nonfinancialperformance measures, rather than on an individuals morals.a. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act b. Compliancec. Organizational ethics d. Core practicese. The Sarbanes Oxley Act

21. Which of the following is not one of the seven steps that the U.S. Sentencing Commission requires for an effective compliance program?a. Develop a code of conductb. Provide oversight by high-ranking personnelc. Create a communication system for disseminating standards and procedures d. Monitor and audit systems designed to detect misconducte. Comply with ISO 14000 guidelines

22. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act created the establish rules and standards for auditing.

to oversee the accounting firms that audit public corporations and to

a. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board b. Corporate Accounting Oversight Commission c. Enron Accounting Fraud Administrationd. Occupational Health and Safety Administration e. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

23. responsibilities relate to a businesss contributions to stakeholders.a. Economic b. Legalc. Ethicald. Voluntarye. Social responsiveness

24. Passed by Congress in 1991, the compliance programs.a. Sarbanes-Oxley Act

created incentives for organizations to develop and implement ethical

b. U.S. Sentencing Commission's Guidelines for Ethical Compliance c. Ethical Compliance Actd. Social Responsiveness Compliance Acte. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations

25. Donation of computer equipment to schools by Toshiba would be associated with responsibilities. a. economicb. voluntary c. legald. ethicale. minimum

26. By prohibiting accounting firms from providing both auditing and consulting services to the same corporate clients without permission, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is attempting to eliminatea. conflicts of interest. b. cronyism.c. reporting transparency. d. corporate espionage.e. dual reporting.

27. Which of the following is not a benefit to businesses of engaging in voluntary responsibilities?a. Help create an ethical culture and values that can act as a buffer to organizational misconduct b. Reduce government involvement by providing assistance to stakeholdersc. Develop employee leadership skillsd. Improve employee compensation and retention e. Improve the quality of life in communities

28. Companies that will most likely be found in violation of procompetitive legislation. a. pollute waterwaysb. knowingly harm consumers c. contract with sweatshopsd. establish monopolies e. help consumers

29. tie(s) an organizations product(s) directly to a social concern through a marketing program.a. Voluntary contributions b. Cause-related marketing c. Strategic philanthropyd. Corporate givinge. Employee benefits

30. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964a. prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin. b. penalizes the top executives in an organization for misconduct.c. is basically the same as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.d. discourages whistle-blowers from reporting misconduct. e. prohibits pay discrimination on the basis of gender.

31. Cause related marketing can affect consumer cause are seen as a good fit.a. individual ethics b. tastesc. perceptions d. budgetse. buying patterns

, if consumers are sympathetic to the cause and the brand and

32. Who provides information to managers, investors, tax authorities, and other stakeholders who make resource allocation decisions for corporations?a. Accountantsb. Federal regulatorsc. The Securities and Exchange Commission d. The Department of Justicee. Human Resources departments

33. The of ethics involves embedding values, norms, and artifacts in organizations, industries, and society. a. institutionalizationb. rationalizationc. commercialization d. mobilizatione. enforcement

34. Which of the following is not a reason why the institutionalization of business ethics has progressed in recent decades?a. Institutionalization of ethics is now mandated for all organizations by governments around the world b. Stakeholders have recognized the need for improving business ethicsc. The government has stepped in when scandals and misconduct have damaged key constituents of businesses d. Gatekeepers have been questioned as to their contributions to major scandalse. Highly ethical companies tend to be more profitable than those suffering from misconduct issues

35. Part of the reason why credit ratings firms did not catch major problems prior to the global financial meltdown of2008 was because they were paid by the firms that they rank, which creates a. economies of scale.b. synergy.c. a conflict of interest. d. cooperation.e. efficiency.

36. Investigations into the financial rating industry after the financial meltdown of 2008 found all of the following excepta. analysts cut corners when faced with less time to perform due diligence. b. analysts ratings were inaccurate.c. many high ratings were based on inadequate historical data.d. analysts were overwhelmed with the volume and complexity of trades.e. most analysts were completely untrained and unprepared to do their jobs.

37. Some, especially those in business, complain that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and similar legislation a. is excessively complex and financially burdensome.b. is not necessary. c. is fair to all firms.d. has reduced restatements of financial reports. e. is too simplistic.

38. An ethical organizational culture creates an environment in which to structure behavior that is then evaluated by stakeholders. The key elements of an organizational culture include all of the following excepta. values. b. norms.c. artifacts.d. legal compliance.e. employee compensation

39. Which of the following provide incentives for developing core practices within a firm that could help ensure ethical and legal compliance?a. Department of Justice and Open Compliance Ethics Group b. Department of Justice and the Sarbanes-Oxley Actc. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act d. Food and Drug Administration and the Sarbanes-Oxley Acte. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

40. Laws and regulations change over time; however, in the United States the thrust of most business legislation can be summed up asa. any practice is permitted.b. any practice is permitted that does not substantially reduce competition and harm consumers or society.c. any practice is permitted that does not substantially harm consumers or society, but this applies only within theUnited States.d. any practice is permitted that does not harm the environment. e. any practice is permitted that does not break the law.

41. Why do you think the costs of compliance with Sarbanes Oxley go down over time?

42. According to the text, the opinions of society, as expressed through legislation, can change over time and different courts and government legislatures may take different views about the acceptability of specific business activities. Why is this so?

43. What ethical issues affecting consumers and society as a whole are created by unfair competition?

44. Society often expects a lot from business. Do you think that it is possible to balance profit and other business objectives with the goals and desires of society? Why or why not?

Chapter 5

1. Which of the following is the first step in the ethical decision making process?a. Being socialized into the firm's corporate cultureb. Applying a personal moral philosophy in order to individualize the ethical decision making processc. Recognizing that an issue requires an individual or work group to make a choice that ultimately will be judged by stakeholders as right or wrongd. Soliciting the opinions of others in a work group or in the overall business in order to gain feedback e. Enforcing the firm's ethical standards with rewards and punishment

2. Which of the following is not one of the six "spheres of influence" to which individuals are subject when confronted with an ethical issue?a. Educational attainment b. Workplacec. Familyd. Legal system e. Community

3. The perceived relevance or importance of an ethical issue to the individual, work group, or organization is a. organizational culture.b. immediate job context. c. ethical issue intensity. d. leadership.e. locus of control.

4. Studies have found that more than a third of the unethical situations that lower and middle-level managers face come from _____.a. stakeholder expectations and pressures. b. pressures to satisfy customers.c. pressures from the government to perform at a high level.d. internal pressures and ambiguity surrounding internal organizational rules. e. investor expectations.

5. According to the ethical decision-making framework, the absence of punishment provides a(n)behavior. a. reasonb. significant other c. individual factor d. opportunitye. ethical issue intensity

for unethical

6. have been found to decrease unethical practices and increase positive work behavior. a. High educational attainment levelsb. High levels of community involvement c. Charismatic leadersd. Strong religious beliefs e. Good personal values

7. involves subordinates simply following the directives of a superior without question. It demonstrates the influence that significant others can exert in the workplace.a. Obedience to authority b. Locus of controlc. Opportunityd. Transactional leadership e. Immediate job context

8. Multiple elements work on individuals to affect their behavior. While an individual may intend to do the right thing, can alter this intent. a. cognitive dissonanceb. familial expectations c. religious beliefsd. the desire for financial gaine. organizational or social forces

9. If management fails to identify and educate employees about ethical problem areas, ethical issues may not reach the criticala. awareness level. b. aptitude level.c. ethical level.d. organizational level. e. individual level.

10. The

can be defined as a set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems shared by

members of an organization. a. corporate cultureb. intentions of a corporate c. ethical issue awarenessd. determination of a corporation e. individual factors

11. Which of the following would not be considered a negative reinforcement of employee behavior?a. Demotions b. Firingsc. Ignoring the behavior d. Reprimandse. Pay penalties

12. Codes, rules, and compliance are essential in organizations. However, an organization built on to develop a high integrity corporate culture.a. a charismatic leaderb. the preferences of the CEOc. the grapevined. formal relationshipse. informal relationships

is more likely

13. Following the ethical directives of a superior relates to a. an internal locus of control.b. obedience to authority. c. moral intensity.d. gender.e. ethical issue intensity.

14. Which of the following is not considered a significant other group in the workplace?a. Peersb. Managers c. Spousesd. Coworkerse. Subordinates

15. Studies have shown that than any other factor.a. significant others b. religionc. educationd. chief executive officers e. ethical issues

within the organization have more impact on a worker's decisions on a daily basis

16. External and internal rewards relate to which part of the ethical decision-making framework?a. Individual factors b. Significant othersc. Cognitive moral development d. Obedience to authoritye. Opportunity

17. Which of the following is not an issue that helps in business ethics evaluations and decisions?a. Ethical issue intensity b. Individual factorsc. Organizational factors d. Personal guilte. Opportunity

18. is the first sign that an unethical decision has occurred. a. Guiltb. Rewardc. Punishmentd. Cognitive dissonance e. Happiness

19. People who believe in , go with the flow because they feel the events in their lives are uncontrollable. a. ethical decision makingb. internal locus of control c. an ethical cultured. external locus of control e. significant others.

20. Which of the following is not an individual factor that affects business ethics?a. Nationality b. Agec. Religiond. Significant others e. Education

21.

is an organizational factor that gives a company specific characteristics. Over time, stakeholders begin to see the company as like a living organism with a mind and will of its own.a. Oversightb. Significant others c. Corporate culture d. The ethical climate e. The legal climate

22. An ethical corporate culture needs

along with

to establish an ethics program and monitor the complex

ethical decisions being made by employees . a. individual ethics; ethical issue intensityb. ethical issue intensity; ethics trainingc. organizational factors; individual factors d. employee evaluations; good intentionse. shared values; proper oversight

23. Those who have influence in a work group are referred to as significant others and include a. peers, managers, coworkers, and subordinates.b. family members, peers, and coworkers. c. spouses and friends.d. employees in similar job situations. e. employees who hold the same job.

24. Research concerning nationality and the ability to make ethical decisions a. shows no relationship between the two.b. is hard to interpret in a business context because of cultural differences.c. suggests that organizations should be very concerned about an employee's nationality. d. suggests that corporations pay a lot of attention to such research.e. suggests that the influence of nationality on corporate culture is growing.

25. The relationship between business ethics and age a. shows a negative correlation.b. is simple. Greater experience leads to better ethical decision making.c. is complex, although experience helps older employees make ethical decisions.d. suggests that employees with less experience have a greater ability to deal with complex industry-specific ethical issues.e. does not demonstrate a statistically significant correlation.

26. Employees that see themselves as going with the flow because that's all they can do have a(n)a. external locus of control. b. moral intensityc. obedience to authority d. opportunitye. internal locus of control.

27. For people who begin the value shift that leads to unethical decisions, which of the following is not a usual justification to reduce and eliminate guilt?a. I need a paycheck and can't afford to quit right now. b. Those around me are doing it so why shouldn't I?c. If I don't do this, I might not be able to get a good reference from my boss when I leave. d. If I don't do this, I might never be promoted.e. This is in keeping with my personal morals and the code of conduct, so it is okay.

28. is the ability to perceive whether a situation or decision has an ethical dimension. a. Ethical issue intensityb. Locus of controlc. Ethical awareness d. Moral intensitye. Opportunity

29.

others.

relates to individuals' perceptions of social pressure and the harm they believe their decisions will have on

a. Ethical awareness b. Moral intensityc. Individual factorsd. Ethical issue intensity e. Social awareness

30. The ethical decision making process in business includes all of the following excepta. Individual factors b. Opportunityc. Ethical issue intensityd. Making ethical decisions e. Organizational factors

31.

culture involves values and norms that prescribe a wide range of behavior for organizational members, while culture reflects the integrity of decisions made and is a function of many factors, including corporate policies,top management's leadership on ethical issues, the influence of coworkers, and the opportunity for unethical behavior.a. Ethical, corporate b. External, internal c. Corporate, ethical d. Positive, negativee. Compromising, collaborative

32. All of the following are true with regards to organizational factors excepta. Employees approach ethical issues on the basis of what they learned from others in the organization. b. An alignment between a person's own values and the values of the organization help create positiveorganizational outcomes.c. Congruence in personal and organizational values is related to commitment, satisfaction, motivation, ethics, work stress, and anxiety.d. Ethical choices in organizations are most often made individually.e. Just as a family guides an individual, specific industries give behavioral cues to firms.

33. The includes the motivational "carrots and sticks" superiors use to influence employee behavior. a. Obedience to authorityb. Immediate job context c. Locus of controld. Normative approach e. Descriptive approach

34. All of the following are true with regards to opportunity and ethical decision making excepta. Despite the existence of rules, misconduct can still occur without proper oversight.b. The opportunities that employees have for unethical behavior in an organization can be eliminated through formal codes, policies, and rules adequately enforced by management.c. Opportunity also comes from knowledge.d. The opportunity for unethical behavior can be eliminated with aggressive enforcement of codes and rules. e. Opportunity results from conditions that either provide rewards or fail to erect barriers against unethicalbehavior.

35. When we discuss issue.a. Normative b. Individualc. Descriptived. Organizational e. Values-based

approaches, we are talking about how organizational decision makers should approach an

36. By incorporating objectives into corporate core values, companies begin to view as significant. a. shareholder, stakeholdersb. stakeholder, shareholders c. CEO, CEOsd. customer, customerse. stakeholder, stakeholders

37. Normative business ethics takes into account the standards.a. Descriptive b. Politicalc. Sociald. Economic e. Normative

realities outside the legal realm in the form of industry

38. institutions include religion, education, and individuals such as the family unit. a. Socialb. Conservative c. Economicd. Liberal e. Political

39. All of the following are true regarding institutions excepta. Stakeholders closely align with institutions.b. The regulatory system aligns with political institutions.c. There is no clear link between institutional theory and the stakeholder orientation of management. d. Competition relates to economic institutions.e. Personal values and norms derive from social institutions.

40. High levels of create a higher probability that firms cut corners because margins are usually low. a. Profitb. Returnc. Cooperation d. Competition e. Loss

41. The thought experiment used by John Rawls that examined how individuals would formulate principles if they did not know what their future position in society would be is calleda. Equality principle b. Utilitarian veilc. Liberty principled. Universal principle e. Veil of ignorance

42. The

states that economic and social equalities should be arranged to provide the most benefit to the least-

advantaged members of society. a. Equality principleb. Difference principlec. Constitutional principle d. Liberty principlee. Justice principle

43. Values have all the following characteristics excepta. Provides guidance to organizations b. Subjective and related to choicec. Widely acceptedd. Used to develop normse. Differs across cultures and firms

44. Companies take basic and translate them into core . a. Customs, valuesb. Values, principles c. Cultures, principles d. Cultures, customs e. Principles, values

45. Organizations that have ethics programs based on a

orientation are found to make a greater contribution than

those based simply on compliance, or obeying laws and regulations. a. Customerb. Politicalc. Principles d. Valuese. Social

Essay46. The ethical decision-making framework includes the concepts of ethical issue intensity, individual factors, organizational factors, and opportunity. Discuss how these concepts influence the ethical decision-making process.

47. Trace the ethical decision-making process. You may find it helpful to apply the model to a real business situation or to a hypothetical ethical issue you develop yourself.

48. Discuss how the three categories of institutions (political, economic, and social) are important in establishing a foundation for normative values.

49. Describe and demonstrate some of the similarities and differences between principles and values. Why are principles and values important normative considerations in ethical decision making?

50. Discuss, with examples, at least three ways that opportunity can affect the decision making process.

Chapter 6

1. Moral philosophy refers toa. a subject that most businesspeople do not consider very important. b. the morality of business activities.c. the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong. d. the legality of business activities.e. the principles or rules that policymakers use to create legislation.

2. Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its consequences for everyone affected(seeks the greatest good for the greatest number)?a. Act deontology b. Rule deontology c. Egoismd. Utilitarianism e. Hedonism

3. Which moral philosophy considers an act to be morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result?a. Teleologyb. Deontologyc. The relativist perspective d. Ethical formalisme. Hedonism

4. Which moral philosophy focuses on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior, rather than its consequences?a. Deontologyb. The relativist perspective c. Teleologyd. Egoisme. Utilitarianism

5. are person-specific, whereas meet business objectives.a. Organizational factors; business ethics b. Codes of conduct; individual factorsc. Individual factors; codes of conduct d. Business ethics; moral philosophiese. Moral philosophies; business ethics

are based on decisions made by groups or when carrying out tasks to

6. According to Kohlberg's model, as a person progresses through the stages of moral development, and with time, education, and experience, he/shea. is unlikely to change his/her values and ethical behavior. b. may change his/her values and ethical behavior.c. will likely be promoted.d. will depend more on the input of significant others in ethical decision making. e. will experience less opportunity to behave unethically.

7. An individual who defines what is right by considering his/her duty to society, not just to other specific people, is in which of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?a. Punishment and obedienceb. Individual instrumental purpose and exchangec. Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity d. Social system and conscience maintenancee. Prior rights, social contract, or utility

8. Which is the last of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?a. Individual instrumental purpose and exchange b. Need achievementc. Social system and conscience maintenance d. Punishment and obediencee. Universal ethical principles

9. A person who offers a facilitation payment in order to secure a contract that will keep her company from going bankrupt and laying off hundreds of employees may be a(n)a. egoist.b. teleologist. c. utilitarian. d. relativist.e. humanitarian.

10. Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its conformity to general moral principles and respect for individual rights?a. The relativist perspective b. Act utilitarianismc. Rule utilitarianism d. Act deontologye. Rule deontology

11.

is considered the father of free market capitalism. He believed that business was and should be guided by the morals of good men.a. John Maynard Keynes b. Henry Kissingerc. George Washington d. Adam Smithe. Lawrence Kohlberg

12. _____ believe that no one thing is intrinsically good. a. Hedonistsb. Pluralists c. Relativistsd. Deontologists e. Teleologists

13. Kant's categorical imperative and the Golden Rule are examples of which moral philosophy?a. Teleologyb. Deontologyc. The relativist perspective d. Egoisme. Utilitarianism

14. A marketing manager who orders that a manufacturing plant be refitted to make it safer for workers, no matter what the cost, may be a(n) because he believes in the rights of all individuals.a. egoistb. utilitarianc. deontologist d. relativiste. hedonist

15. Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of principles or rules designed to promote the greatest overall utility rather than by examining situations individually?a. Rule utilitarianism b. Act utilitarianism c. Rule deontologyd. Act deontology e. Egoism

16. Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of the equity, fairness, and impartiality of the action, with rules serving as guidelines in the decision-making process?a. Rule utilitarianism b. Act utilitarianism c. Rule deontologyd. Act deontologye. The relativist perspective

17. Which moral perspective defines ethical behavior subjectively from the unique experiences of individuals and groups?a. Virtue ethics b. Egoismc. The relativist perspective d. Absolutisme. Justice

18. Through time an act can come to be viewed as unethical under which of the following philosophies and perspectives?a. The relativist perspective b. Teleologyc. Deontology d. Egoisme. Rule deontology

19.

typically focuses on the end result of actions and happiness created by them, whereas the means and motives by which actions are justified.a. Pragmatism; hedonismb. Deontology; pragmatism c. Utilitarianism; deontologyd. Utilitarianism; a goodness theorye. A goodness theory; an obligation theory

emphasizes

20. An individual who believes that an action is ethical because others within his or her company and industry regularly engage in the activity is probably a(n)a. utilitarian. b. relativist.c. teleologist.d. deontologist. e. egoist.

21. Enlightened egoisma. is when an individual puts spiritual feelings above all others. b. centers completely on the short-term well-being of others. c. centers on one's short-term self-interest.d. centers on one's longterm selfinterest but takes others wellbeing into account.e. centers on the long-term well-being of others.

22. Which moral philosophy is based on the premise that equal respect must be given to all persons?a. The relativist perspective b. Deontologyc. Egoismd. Teleologye. Utilitarianism

23.

have lower ethical issue sensitivity, meaning they are less likely to detect ethical issues. They may be more committed to completing projects and more dedicated to group values and objectives.a. Relativists b. Hedonistsc. Pragmatistsd. Deontologists e. Teleologists

24. justice is based on the evaluation of outcomes or results of the business relationship. a. Proceduralb. Interactional c. Distributive d. Ethicale. Egotistical

25. Kohlberg's six stages of cognitive moral development can be reduced to three levels of ethical concern. Persons at the second levela. define right as that which conforms to the expectations of good behavior of the larger society. b. see beyond the norms, laws, and authority of groups or individuals.c. are concerned with their immediate interests and with external rewards and punishments. d. are concerned with their long-term interests and with internal rewards and punishments. e. are unethical.

26.

argues that ethical behavior involves not only adhering to conventional moral standards but also consideringwhat a mature person with a good moral character would deem appropriate.a. Act utilitarianism b. Virtue ethicsc. Reciprocity d. Hedonisme. Rule deontology

27. When a person defines right and wrong on the basis of legal contracts, he or she is using which of Kohlberg's stages of development?a. Punishment and obedience (1st stage)b. Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (3rd stage)c. Social system and conscience maintenance (4th stage)d. Prior rights, social contract, or utility (5th stage)e. Universal ethical principles (6th stage)

28.

deals with the issue of what individuals feel they are due based on their rights and performance in the workplace, and therefore is more likely to be based on deontological moral philosophies than on teleological or utilitarian ones.a. Rightsb. Virtue ethics c. Justiced. Relativism e. Egoism

29. A central problem with relativism isa. that it emphasizes peoples differences, not similarities.b. that few people believe that these principles are important. c. that they are very complicated.d. that they represent unattainable goals.e. that many feel that virtue ethics only works in theory.

30. Which is not considered a white collar crime?a. Corporate tax evasion b. Credit card fraudc. Insider trading d. Identity thefte. Mugging someone

31. An individual who emphasizes others rather than himself or herself in making decisions is in which of the following ofKohlberg's stages of development?a. Universal ethical principles (6th stage)b. Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (3rd stage)c. Social system and conscience maintenance (4th stage)d. Punishment and obedience (1st stage)e. Prior rights, social contract, or utility (5th stage)

32. Eric views animal research in the pharmaceutical industry as a way to improve drugs that will benefit mankind.Which moral philosophy most closely represents his viewpoint?a. Egoismb. Relativismc. Humanitarianism d. Utilitarianisme. Individualism

33. In Kohlbergs model, the stage of mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (Stage 3) differs from the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange (Stage 2) in terms of the individuals motives ina. considering fairness to others. b. maintaining the social order.c. considering duty to society.d. upholding the basic values of society. e. maintaining obedience to authority.

34. The elements of and truthfulness. a. egoismb. utilitarianism c. deontologyd. moral philosophye. virtue

important to business transactions have been defined as trust, self-control, empathy, fairness,

35. justice considers the processes and activities that produce the outcome or results. a. Disruptiveb. Proceduralc. Interactionald. Communications e. Evaluative

36. What is white collar crime and why has it become such a widespread problem?

37. Compare and contrast the two teleological philosophies: egoism and utilitarianism. Include a discussion of the bases that each type uses to evaluate the morality of activities.

38. Compare and contrast the two moral philosophies: teleology and deontology. Discuss the bases each philosophy type uses to evaluate the morality of a particular activity.

39. Discuss the distinctions between the rule and act categories of utilitarianism and deontology. Why do you think some people evaluate the morality of an action on the basis of the action itself, whereas others evaluate it in terms of its conformity to particular moral principles or rules of conduct?

40. Explain how the levels of Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development may influence a person's perception of and response to an ethical issue.