TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

PRESENTED TOMR.ARUN SAHAY

PRESENTED BYHARKIRAN KAUR NEHA BAGHELMAMTA CHETTRYPUJIL KHANNANEHA JOSHI

Developed by Eric Berne who believed that the majority of our life experiences are recorded in our subconscious minds in an unaltered fashion and become a part of the way we behave

The behavior is subconsciously designed to get reactions and determine how others feel about us.

A method of dealing with behavioral disordersCan be used to manage classroom behavior if we understand that children’s acceptable and unacceptable behavior is designed to ascertain how others feel about them

Continued:Continued:

“Transactional Analysis is a theory of personality

and a systematic psychotherapy for personal growth and change”

International Transactional Analysis Association (ITAA)

Our Brain (according to Berne)Our Brain (according to Berne)

Determines what we think and how we act Acts like a tape recorder while recording

Events Associated feelings

Has 3 distinct parts or ego states Parent Adult Child

A Challenging philosophyA theory of personalityA theory of communicationA theory of child developmentA theory of pathology

We need physical and psychological “strokes”We make current decisions based on past premisesSelf-awareness is the first step in the change processWe are in charge of how we think, feel, and behave. Others do not make us think, feel and behavePeople can change

Philosophy of Transactional Philosophy of Transactional Analysis Analysis

People are OKAY People can THINK for themselves People can MAKE DECISIONS for

themselves People can change decisions and RE-DECIDE

TWO BASIC PRINCIPLESTWO BASIC PRINCIPLES

Change is more likely to take place and will be more sustainable when a contract is agreed on.

Positive change will occur only in an atmosphere of open communication

Two Basic PrinciplesTwo Basic Principles

Change is more likely to take place and will be more sustainable when a contract is agreed on.

Positive change will occur only in an atmosphere of open communication

Structural Analysis: How personality is structured.

Functional Analysis – How to assess an individual’s personality

Transactional Analysis Proper: Analysis of what people do and say to each other.

Game Analysis: Analysis of ulterior transactions leading to a payoff

Script Analysis: Analysis of specific life dramas that people compulsively play out

Fundamental IdeasFundamental Ideas

Three Ego States Parent Ego State Child Ego State Adult Ego State

Four Life Positions I’m not OK; you’re OK I’m not OK; you’re not OK I’m OK; you’re not OK I’m OK; you’re OK

Individuals need to feel adequate

Parent Ego StateParent Ego State

Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral patterns based on messages or lessons learned from parents and other ‘parental’ or authoritarian sources

Should and should not; ought and ought not; always and never

Prejudicial views (not based on logic or facts) on things such as:

religion dress salespeopletraditions work productsmoney raising children companies

Nurturing views (sympathetic, caring views) Critical views (fault finding, judgmental,

condescending views)

Adult Ego StateAdult Ego State

Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral patterns based on objective analysis of information (data, facts)

Make decisions based on logic, computations, probabilities, etc. (not emotion)

Child Ego StateChild Ego State

Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral patterns based on child-like emotions, impulses, feelings we have experienced

Child-like examples

ImpulsiveSelf-centeredAngryFearful

HappyPleasure seekingRebelliousHappy

CuriousEager to please

IN SHORT

Parent - taught conceptChild - felt conceptAdult - learned concept

Transactional AnalysisTransactional Analysis

Four basic life concept

I’m OK, you’re OK – ideal I’m OK, you’re not OK – get away from me I’m not OK, you’re OK – I’ll never get anywhere I’m not OK, you’re not OK – get rid of each other

Human Interaction AnalysisHuman Interaction Analysis

A transaction = any interaction or communication between 2 people

People send and receive messages out of and into their different ego states

How people say something (what others hear?) just as important as what is said

Transactional AnalysisTransactional Analysis

Transactional analysis - Transactions between people are seen as having 3 levels:

Complementary – both people are operating from the same ego state

Crossed – the other person reacts from an unexpected ego state

Ulterior – two ego states within the same person but one disguises the other

Complementary ‘Transactions’Complementary ‘Transactions’

Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriate and expected from another person.

Parallel communication arrows, communication continues.Example 1: #1 What time do you have?

#2 I’ve got 11:15.P

A

C

P

A

C

Crossed ‘Transactions’Crossed ‘Transactions’

Interactions, responses, actions NOT regarded as appropriate or expected from another person.

Crossed communication arrows, communication breakdown.

Example 1 #1 What time do you have?#2 There’s a clock on the wall, why

don’t you figure it out yourself?P

A

C

P

A

C

Ulterior ‘Transactions’Ulterior ‘Transactions’

Interactions, responses, actions which are different from those explicitly stated

Example#1 How about coming up to my room and

listening to some music?

P

A

C

P

A

C

Transactional AnalysisTransactional Analysis

Game analysis - ulterior motivated transactions that appear complimentary on the surface but end in bad feelings:

1st Degree games – minor upset, played socially end up with minor discomfort

2nd Degree games – more intimate end up w/bad feelings

3rd Degree games - usually involve physical injury

Clinical settings and in counseling Educational settings Organizations Communities Personal, family and other relationships

Strengths Strengths

Supported by a great deal of research on the subconscious mind

Promotes self-analysis and self-correction

Applications go beyond the classroom, into the student’s personal lives

Helps children understand their own messages and those of others

Helps children avoid destructive roles that are often played in interpersonal relationships

Provides a framework for communication and understanding.

WeaknessesWeaknesses

Only appropriate for individual guidance Cannot be used as an intervention

technique Overcoming the automatic behaviors from

the parent and child ego state may be difficult

Cannot be applied as readily to discipline problems other than those involving verbal exchanges

Students may not have the language, cognitive, or reasoning skills necessary to use this technique

Making distinctions between the ego states is difficult

Training for teachers can be lengthy and time consuming.

Difficult to maintain throughout the year