HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THE CELL?. Nucleus Contains DNA - chromosomes 2 membranes surrounding it, the...
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HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW
THE CELL?
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Nucleus Contains DNA - chromosomes 2 membranes surrounding it, the
envelope/membrane Controls all of the cell’s activities –
including information needed to make proteins
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Microtubules Part of cytoskeleton Hollow tubes made of tubulin Hold organelles in place, maintain a
cell’s shape, & act as tracks that guide organelles and molecules as they move through the cell
Ex. cilia, flagella, centrioles
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Cell Membrane Covers cell surface Determines what enters or exits the
cell – selectively permeable
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Prokaryotic Cell that lacks a nucleus and
membrane bound organelles Bacteria and Archea
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Hooke First person to identify and name cells
– coined the term “cell”
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Microfilaments Part of cytoskeleton Long threads made of actin Changes cell shape, especially during
muscle contraction Allows movement of cytoplasm within
the cell (cytoplasmic streaming)
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Rough ER Transports materials within or out of the
cell has ribosomes attached produces phospholipids and proteins
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Golgi Bodies/Apparatus Stacks of flattened, membranous sacs Many proteins and lipids pass from ER to
here for final modifications; Like a POST OFFICE - modifies, packages
and secretes various molecules
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Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes to break down
large molecules as well as non-functioning cell parts and cells
Small, membrane-bound organelles formed by Golgi complex
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Leeuwenhoek Looked at living cells in pond water;
invented first mini-microscope
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Centrioles Used in cell division Seen in animal cells
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Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis Can be free (in cytoplasm) or bound
(attached to ER) Produced in nucleolus Made of RNA and proteins
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Smooth ER Transports materials within and out of the
cell Functions in lipid synthesis ex. cholesterol No ribosomes attached
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Eukaryotic Type of cell with a true nucleus and
membrane bound organelles Plant, protists, animal and fungi
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Mitochondria Transfer energy from organic
molecules (like glucose) to ATP (cellular energy)
Muscle cells have lots of these Nicknamed the POWERHOUSE Inner folds called cristae to increase
surface area
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Plant Cell Type of cell with a cell wall,
chloroplasts and a large central vacuole
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Virchow Stated cells come from the division of
preexisting cells
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Cytoskeleton General term to describe the
structures that give cells internal organization, shape, and ability to move
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Cell Wall Made of cellulose Protects, prevents excess H2O
uptake, maintains shape of plant cell
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Animal Cell Type of cell with lysosomes and
centrioles Lack a cell wall
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Chloroplasts Use light energy to make
carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O Contains chlorophyll Responsible for photosynthesis
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Vacuole Stores water, enzymes, wastes, and
other materials Largest organelle in a plant cell
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Schleiden Stated all plants are made of cells
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Schwann Stated all animals are made of cells
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Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things All cells come from preexisting cells
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Chromosomes Structures that form when DNA
supercoils around proteins Organizes DNA for cell division
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Chromatin Uncondensed/uncoiled DNA DNA present in this form when the
cell is not dividing
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Vesicle Stores and moves materials between
cell organelles (ie. Rough ER to golgi) Moves materials to and from the cell
membrane
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Cilia Short, hair-like projections found on
the outside of cells Used for movement
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Flagella Long, tail-like projections found on the
outside of cells Used for movement
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Cytoplasm Jelly-like material found between the
cell membrane and the nucleus Contains the organelles of the cell
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Nucleolus Found inside of the nucleus Makes ribosomes