How to provide flexibility to prosumers, BRPs and DSOs ... · • Voltage / Reactive power control:...

How to provide flexibility to prosumers, BRPs and DSOs from

storage and electric vehicles?

XI International Conference on Energy Innovation

“Integration of Batteries and Electrical Vehicles: Towards a more Flexible Power System”

16/11/2018 XI International Conference on Energy Innovation

Pol Olivella-Rosell (CITCEA-UPC)

Barcelona, Friday 16th November 2018

Contents

16/11/2018XI International Conference on Energy

Innovation2

• Motivation

• Flexibility services

• Flexibility optimization management

• Pilots

Motivation – The aggregator agent


Innovation3

BRP

ELECTRICITY

MARKET

RETAILERLEC / PROSUMERS

AGGREGATOR

DSOTSO

GEN

Flexibility services -What are we aiming at?


Innovation4

The system will be managed by a Flexibility Operator (FO) that will control different kind of flexible devices:

• Batteries

• Electric vehicles

• Photovoltaic panels

• Water heaters

• Heat pumps

Flexibility services for:

• End-users/prosumers reducing the electricity bill

• BRP to reduce imbalance penalties and portfolio management

• DSO to control grid congestions

The INVADE project aims to provide a Cloud based flexibility management system integrated with EVs and batteries empowering energy storage at mobile, distributed and centralized levels to increase renewables share in the smart distribution grid.

Flexibility operator (FO): Merger of Aggregator and Energy Service Company (ESCO) agents:- ESCO: flexibility

services behind-the-meter

- Aggregator: flexibility services beyond-the-meter

FO INVADE platform processes


Innovation5

• Consists of a set of main processes on an overall level

• The built-in functionality and the link between them, constitutes the

INVADE platform

Master data

and

configurations

Contract

management

Meter values

managementPredictions

Flexibility

management

optimization

Control signals

management

Follow up and

reporting

Events and

external

information

Control request

management

FO INVADE platform processes


Innovation6

Forecasting

and

Measurements

Results

Flexibility

Optimization

Input

Battery

model

EV model

Load

model

Generation

model

Flexibility Asset Information

Optimization

model

Objective

Function

∑

t+1

Iterative process

Tesla Home energy management system (HEMS):

• 2 EVs

• 1 Battery 13.5 kWh, 7 kW peak and 5 kW continuous

• PV ¿?kWp

Self-consumption mode

Sonnen and SMA are also offering HEMSs


Innovation7

Info from Twitter @Toblerhaus

https://twitter.com/Toblerhaus

Prosumer optimization results• HEMS: Home energy management system

• Flexible resources: 1 Battery 200 kWh + 6 EVCP + 180 kWp PV


Innovation8

Norwegian and Bulgarian pilots


Innovation9

BRP

ELECTRICITY MARKET

RETAILER

DSOTSO

BULK GENERATION

FO (Albena/Lyse)

Control signals

Flexibility billing

PROSUMER

Norwegian pilotDistributed energy storage at household level

The Norwegian pilot will demonstrate the ability of the integrated INVADE platform to co-operate

with an existing home energy management system. (The Smartly Ecosystem)


Innovation10

Smartly data hub

INVADE FO platform

PV + EV + Batteries + Flexible water heater

Bulgarian pilotCreate flexibility: 200 kWh Battery + EV charging management + Control of water heaters

Sell flexibility to a BRP or energy trader.

Make the current infrastructure easily scalable.


Innovation11

Dutch & German pilots


Innovation12

BRP

ELECTRICITY MARKET

RETAILER

TSO

BULK GENERATION

FO (Greenflux)

Control signals

Flexibility billing

DSO

PROSUMER

Capacity limit

Flexibility billing

Dutch pilot


Innovation13

Dutch pilot


Innovation14

FO INVADE Platform

German pilot


Innovation15

b) Distributed energy storage for DSO and

prosumer flexibility services

a) Centralised energy storage for DSO

flexibility services

Redox flow battery. 25 kW & 120 kWh

Catalan pilot


Innovation16

ELECTRICITY MARKET

RETAILER

TSO

BULK GENERATION

FO (Mercator)

Control signals

DSO (EPESA)

Flexibility request

Flexibility billing

BRP (Mercator)

Flexibility request

Flexibility billing

Catalan pilot


Innovation17

Wattius battery units for the pilot. 14/11/2018

TeknoCEA IDPR for the pilot

HV

MV

LV LV LV

LVLV

MVMV

MV MV MV

Centralized energy storage Demonstrate and evaluate

the benefits of centralized battery storage installed at a

secondary substation.

Partners


Innovation18

www.h2020invade.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and

Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 731148.

http://www.h2020invade.eu/

Backup slides


Innovation19

Motivation - German case


Innovation20

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Mill

ion

Eu

roTotal renewable power curtailment cost in Germany

2010-2015

Source: Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft und ländliche Räume Schleswig-Holstein (2016)

Motivation - German case


Innovation21

Price

Source: EPEX Spot. Christian Kunze. Smart Innovation Norway

Flexibility services for prosumers

• ToU optimization

– Based on load shifting from high-price intervals to low-price intervals.

• kWmax control

– Based on reducing the maximum load (peak shaving) that the Prosumer consumes within a predefined duration (e.g., day, month, year).

• Self-balancing

– It is typical for prosumers who also generate electricity (PV or CHP systems).

– Value is created through the difference in the prices of buying, generating, and selling electricity (including taxation if applicable).

– It can include zero-net injection optimization.


Innovation22

Flexibility services for DSOs


Innovation23

• Congestion management:

– Avoiding thermal overload of system components by reducing peak loads

– Flexibility may defer or even avoid the necessity of grid investments.

• Voltage / Reactive power control:

– Typically requested when solar PV systems “push up” the voltage level in the grid.

– Increasing the load or decreasing generation is an option to avoid exceeding the voltage limits.

– It can reduce the need for grid investments (such as automatic tap changers) or prevent generation curtailment.

• Controlled islanding:

– To prevent supply interruption in a given grid section when a fault occurs in a section of the grid feeding into it.

Main grid

!

!

Pricegrid

Substation

limited

Line

limited

!

Line

limited

EV

EV

Community

electricity

storage

Electricity storage at

different levels

Community

electricity

storage

Active power flow

Reactive power flow

Low AC voltage

Medium AC voltage

DC voltage

Demand response

Demand

response

Vehicle2Building

EV EV

Vehicle2Grid

charging

stationEV

EV

EV

EV

EV

EV

Vehicle2Home

EV

Vehicle2Home

!

Substation

limited

Flexibility

cloud

Flexibility services for BRPs


Innovation24

• Day-ahead portfolio optimization

– It aims to shift loads from a high-price time interval to a low-price time interval before the day-ahead market closure.

– It enables the BRP to reduce its overall electricity purchase costs.

– This service is used by BRP to prepare day-ahead market bids.

• Intraday portfolio optimization

– It resembles day-ahead optimization after closing of the day-ahead market.

– This enables intraday trading and flexibility can be used to create value on this market, equivalent to the day-ahead market.

– This service is used by BRP to prepare intraday market bids.

– Intraday optimization, once the day-ahead market prices have been announced, is our preferred option rather than Day-ahead

• Self-balancing portfolio optimization

– It aims to reduce imbalance of the BRP portfolio to avoid imbalance charges.

– BRP does not actively bid on the imbalance market using its flexibility, but uses it within its own portfolio.

Pilots4 Use cases (UC):

1. Electric vehicle charging management

2. Centralized energy storage

3. Distributed energy storage at the household level

4. Hybrid: centralized and distributed storage

5 Pilots:

- Norway: UC 1 & 3

- The Netherlands: UC 1

- Bulgaria: UC 2

- Spain: UC 2

- Germany: UC 4


Innovation25

Main grid

!

!

Pricegrid

Substation

limited

Line

limited

!

Line

limited

EV

EV

Community

electricity

storage

Electricity storage at

different levels

Community

electricity

storage

Active power flow

Reactive power flow

Low AC voltage

Medium AC voltage

DC voltage

Demand response

Demand

response

Vehicle2Building

EV EV

Vehicle2Grid

charging

stationEV

EV

EV

EV

EV

EV

Vehicle2Home

EV

Vehicle2Home

!

Substation

limited

Flexibility

cloud

2

41

3

Prosumer optimization results

One Norwegian household + 1 EVCP + 10 kWh Battery storage + 3 kWp PV + Subscribed power penalty + Norwegian Hourly electricity prices


Innovation26

Aggregated flexibility services

3 Steps:

1. FO optimized baseline

2. Flexibility requests from DSOs and BRPs to FO

3. Aggregated/distributed zone optimization


Innovation27

START

Initialize

Prosumer Optimization

External flexibility request? (DSO&BRP)

Zone level optimization

Any prosumer to optimize?

YES

NO

Send control signals

NO

YES

DSO request

BRP request

F&D inputs:

F&D inputs:

Last period?

Optimized control

signals including

flex. req.

YES

THE END

NO

Optimized baseline

for each prosumer

BRP/DSO flexibility services

• Activate flexibility when DSOs is facing technical constraints

• Or when BRPs need flexibility to compensate deviations

• Tested in the CITCEA’s microgrid laboratory


Innovation28

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