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Transcript of How to motivate less productive people at work for improved Performance Presented By T.M.Jayasekera,...
How to motivate less How to motivate less productive people at work for productive people at work for
improved Performanceimproved Performance
Presented By
T.M.Jayasekera, B.Sc.Eng.,MBA,FIM
C.Eng.,MICE,FIE,FCIWEM(Lond.)
Management Specialist
WHAT IS SUCCESS
• SUCCESS OF ORGANIZATIONS DEPENDS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PEOPLE, WHICH IS ALSO THE SUCCESS OF PEOPLE.
• THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PEOPLE IS DEPENDENT ON THE WAY THEY ACT AND BEHAVE,
• IN OTHER WORDS, HOW EVERYONE PERFORM IN THEIR AREAS OF ACTIVITY
MOTIVATING YOUR PEOPLE
Motivating workers involve inspiring them to contribute to the goals of the organization
It is up to the Manager to select a specific approach to motivate the workforce and then decide how best to apply it
How a manager goes about this will depend to some extent on what he believes people want from their work
The key is then to establish what motivates people THERE IS NO SIMPLE ANSWER TO THIS
The common mistakes managers make
• 1. Selecting the wrong approach • 2.Wrong application of the selected approach • 3. Incorrect belief in what people really want
THIS IS WHY WE FIND IT DIFFICULT TO MOTIVATE PEOPLE
Selecting wrong approach is mainly due to wrong assumptions
SATISFACTION PERFORMANCE
It is about attitudes and feelings and individual may have about his job
THREE MAJOR FACTORS THAT PROVIDE MOTIVATION TO WORK –The three orientations
• This is the truth!• Motivation to work is dependent on • 1.ECONOMIC REWARDS –Pay, fringe benefits, material
goods and security- Instrumental orientation -concerned with other things
• 2.INTRINSIC SATISFACTION- Nature of work itself, interest in the job, personal growth and development – Personal orientation – concerned with oneself
• 3.SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS-friendships, group working, desire for affiliation, status and dependency –Relational orientation – concerned with other people
MANAGER’S RESPONSIBILITY
• As a Manager you are responsible for getting work done from others efficiently and effectively
• If you cannot fulfill this responsibility then you will be identified as a failure
• REMEMBER!YOU CANNOT FULFILL THIS RESPONSIBILITY, UNTIL YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT MOTIVATES BOTH YOU AND THEM
MOTIVATION IS EVERYBODY’S PROBLEM
• CONSIDER THESE SITUATIONS • 1.Your employee just won’t meet the required deadlines • 2.Your younger children continually shirk their chores, or your
teenager won’t do the assigned homework • 3.As the leader of a group you need to get the things rolling for a
fund raiser • 4.Your superiors are always on your tail- and you need to
motivate them to get off • 5.You are a salesman and you want to motivate your clients to buy • 6.You are a teacher and would like to motivate your students to do
better
THIS IS ONLY THE BEGINNING
• FROM THE TIME WE GET UP IN THE MORNING TO THE TIME WE GO TO BED IN THE NIGHT WE RUN IN TO DOZENS OF SITUATIONS WHERE WE NEED TO MOTIVATE OTHERS
• ARE YOU FRUSTRATED IN YOUR EFFORTS?
IS THIS THE SET OF IMPLICIT EXPECTATIONS
• 1 TO WORK DILIGENTLY TO ACHIEVE ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS AND TO ACCEPT THE IDEOLOGY OF THE ORGANIZATION
• 2 INVOLVEMENT, COMMITMENT AND INITIATIVE • 3 TO PERFORM THE TASKS EFFICIENTLY AND
EFFECTIVELY • 4 TO ACCEPT AUTHORITY AND ASSUME
RESPONSIBILITY • 5 TO ACHIEVE INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION
OF ACTIVITIES
IS THIS THE SET OF IMPLICIT EXPECTATIONS
• 6 REQUIRING ADHERENCE TO POLICIES RULES AND PROCEDURES
• 7 ATTAINING RESPONSIVENESS TO LEADERSHIP AND INFLUENCE
• 8 TO SHOW LOYALTY TO THE ORGANIZATION • 8.NOT TO BETRAY POSITIONS OF TRUST AND NOT
TO ABUSE THE GOODWILL SHOWN BY MANAGEMEN
• 10 TO UPHOLD THE IMAGE OF THE ORGANIZATION
THIS IS WHAT THE WORKERS HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR• FROM MANAGEMENT, • 1 TO PROVIDE SAFE AND HYGENIC WORK CONDITIONS • 2 TOMAKE EVERY REASONABLE EFFORT TO PROVIDE
JOB SECURITY• 3 ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE CHALLENGING AND
SATISFYING JOBS AND REDUCE ALIENATING ASPECTS OF WORK
• 4 ADOPT EQUITABLE PERSONAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
• 5 ALLOW STAFF TO GENUINELY PARTICIPATE IN DECISIONS WHICH AFFECT THEM
THIS IS WHAT THE WORKERS HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR
• 6 TO PROVIDE REASONABLE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND CAREER PROGRESSION
• 7 TO TREAT MEMBERS OF STAFF WITH RESPECT
• 8 DEMONSTRATE AN UNDERSTANDING AND CONSIDERATE ATTITUDE TOWARDS PERSONAL PROBLEMS OF STAFF
THERE APPEARS TO BE A MISMATCH
BETWEEN THE EXPECTATIONS OF THE PEOPLE AND THAT OF THE ORGANIZATION
HAVE YOU BEEN ABLE TO GIVE THIS TO THEM
• THAT IS WHY THE SITUATION IS LIKE THIS • IT IS VERY UNLIKELY THAT EXPECTATIONS
OF INDIVIDUALS OR ORGANIZATIONS ARE MET FULLY
• THERE IS APPEARS TO HAVE NO BALANCE
• HAVE YOU REALLY (EVER!)LISTENED TO THEM?
PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS NEED EACH OTHER
• The psychological contract involves a series of expectations between people and organizations
• Even though they are not defined formally and they may not be consciously aware of them; still they affect the relationship between them
• Therefore attention should be focused on improving the people- organization relationship
A WAY OUT
INDIVIDUAL NEEDS
Physical well being
Job satisfaction
Personal development
Achievement
Respect from work group and the org.
ORGANIZATIONAL NEEDS
High productivity
Low absenteeism
Cooperation
Industrial Harmony
Constructive disagreements
Low labour turnover
If these needs are met
Contended productive workforce
EARLY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE AREA OF MOTIVATION?
Development of thinking on motivation
• 1. Early days- Doing a Job is a matter of life and death – survival instinct as a powerful motivator
• 2. Industrial Revolution- Healthy and contented work force –positively inclined towards the organization and happy to work for it – organization as a family and paternalistic approaches-
• 3.Cruder view of Compulsion as a motivator- People are rational creatures whose sole motivation is economic and the desire to avoid pain and find pleasure through financial gain was the only way of motivation
• Therefore people will only work if the reward is big enough or the punishment for failure is sufficiently unpleasant
Development of thinking on motivation
• 4. Scientific Management – through combination of fear and reward
• 5. Human Relations approach – through social interaction
• 6. Modern approaches – cause and effect approaches
WHAT IS MEANT BY MOTIVATION
• IT IS ANY INFLUENCE THAT BRINGS OUT DIRECTS OR MAINTAIN PEOPLE’S GOAL DIRECTED BEHAVIOUR
PROCESS OF MOTIVATION
• Motivation is a management process of influencing people’s behaviour based on the knowledge of what makes people tick
• Motivation deals with a range of conscious human behaviour between the two extremes reflex actions Such as sneeze or flutter of eyelids and learned habits such as your handwriting style or brushing of your teeth
WHAT IS MEANT BY MOTIVATION
• It is a human psychological characteristic that contributes to a person’s degree of commitment
• It includes factors that cause, channel and sustain human behaviour in a particular committed direction
Basic assumptions in MOTIVATION
• 1. Motivation is commonly assumed to be a good thing
• 2.Motivation is one of the several factors that goes in to a person’s performance
• 3.Motivation is in short supply and in need of periodic replenishment
• 4.It is a tool with which managers can arrange job relationships
Everybody is engaged in motivation
• In this world ,every one needs to motivate others and we all do it whether we realize it or not
• Babies motivate parents - How?
• Parents motivate children -To work hard & learn - How?
• Managers motivate their subordinates - To get goals achieved - How?
• So- motivation is natural !
Motivation is natural
• In this world ,every one needs to motivate others and we all do it whether we realize it or not
• Babies motivate parents - By crying
• Parents motivate children -To work hard & learn - Carrot and stick
• We motivate our subordinates - To get goals achieved - by threats and Punishments
• So- motivation is natural
Rewards of motivation is natural too
• Babies love their mothers. They their mothers
• Children love their parents. They like their parents
• Workers! Do they love their Managers ? Do they like their Managers ?
• THIS IS THE MILLION DOLLAR QUESTION?
What successful Managers do
• Take a minute to think of the most successful manager that you know of
• Does he or she motivate their staff
• I would be most surprised if they didn’t
• How do they motivate their staff
This is how they perform
• 1. Enthusiastic 7. Encourage others• 2.Communicate effectively 8. Ask for suggestions• 3.Listen to others 9. Cooperative • 4. Willing to help 10.Dead on target• 5. Committed • 6. Positive • These are the secrets of successful motivation
What unsuccessful Managers do
• Take a minute to think of an unsuccessful manager you know of
• How do they behave • Does he or she get things done from people
• What can we learn from his behaviours
This is how they perform
• 1.No cooperation 6. Miss deadlines • 2. Do not delegate 7. Complain• 3.Tardiness ,absence 8. Not measuring up to std.• 4. Not committed 9. Blame others • 5. Fault finders 10. Negligence
• These are the reasons for failure
The people who Motivate can be of different types
• Great motivators can have quite different personalities .They had special skills -learned or acquired
• e.g. • Mahatma Gandhi-led the movement for independence
in a non violent manner • Field Marshall Montgomery -was a great military
leader who motivated his troops to fight
Both have learned the secrets of successful motivation
How to be a successful Manager
• As a manager you will have to achieve results • A manager is judged by results or accomplishments • Results are normally achieved through people • It has been proved that motivated people achieve
better results more quickly• So motivation of staff is in the manager’s own
interests and is also in the manager’s hands • A successful manager always motivates staff
THE PROCESS OF MOTIVATION
NEEDS OR EXPECTATIONS
DRIVES DESIRED GOALS
PROBLEM SOLVING
RESTRUCTURING (Alternative Goal )
Constructive Behaviour
FRUSTRATION
WITHDRAWALAGGRESSION REGRESSION FIXATION
BARRIER
Destructive Behaviour
FACTORS INFLUENCING FRUSTRATION
• THE FACTORS THAT DETERMINE AN INDIVIDUAL’S REACTION TO FRUSTRATION ARE
The level of need The degree of attachment to the desired goal Strength of motivation Perceived nature of the barrier or blocking agent Personality characteristics of the individual
HOW TO REDUCE POTENTIAL FRUSTRATION
• THE MANAGERS CAN REDUCE FRUSTRATION THROUGH
RECOGNITION AND REWARDS EQUITABLE PERSONNEL POLICIES EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONPARTICIPATIVE STYLES OF
MANAGEMENT JOB DESIGN AND WORK ORGANIZATION EFFECTIVE RECRUITMENT SELECTION
AND TRAINING
The role of needs in Motivation
Deficiency in needs satisfaction creates tension
Individual will Search for ways to relieve tension
Choose and engage goal directed behaviour
Success with goal directed behaviour
Lack of success with Goal directed behaviour
Tension Relieved
Deficiency in needs satisfaction still exists
Need hierarchy
SELF
ACTUALIZATION
NEEDS
ESTEEM NEEDS
SOCIAL NEEDS
SAFETY/SECURITY NEEDS
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
FULFILLMENT ON THE JOB
FULFILLMENT OFF THE JOB
Base salary, air,Food water sex
Freedom from war,pollution, violence
Safe work fringe benefits, job security
Family Friends. Community, Groups
Work groups clients coworkers supervisors
Approval of family Friends , community
Recognition, High Status , increased job responsibilities
Education, religion Hobbies, Personal Growth
Opportunities for training Advancement, Growth and Creativity
SOME TIPS FOR MOTIVATORS
• 1 When people feel good about themselves it is easier for them to be motivated because they have high self esteem & they are not worried about how they relate to the world & they are not worried about what others are thinking about them
SOME TIPS FOR MOTIVATORS
• 2 In conversation give your undivided attention
• 3 When you give out responsibility let them do it their way
• 4 Involve workers in resolving conflicts with co workers
• 5 Learn to express your feelings honestly
SOME TIPS FOR MOTIVATORS
• 6 Admit when you make a mistake • 7 Let every worker express himself creatively
within the parameters allowed by his job • 8 Look at the good in what the person is
doing ,not just the bad • 9 Avoid put-downs • 10 Show your workers that you trust them • 11 Be fair
SOME TIPS FOR MOTIVATORS
• 12 Separate the worker from his acts -
• 13When there is a problem let the worker know that you displeased with the act & not with him as a person
• 14Share the power of decision making
SOME TIPS FOR MOTIVATORS
• 15Don’t require more of the worker than he is able to do
• 16Avoid favoritism
• 17Be kind & considerate
TEN COMMANDMENTS OF MOTIVATIONAL FAILURE
• 1 Reward the boss & his cronies for successes brought about by their subordinates in the company
• 2 Try to be all things to all people at all times • 3 Stress activity over results • 4 Discourage creative thinking • 5 Trying something else when every thing is going
well
TEN COMMANDMENTS OF MOTIVATIONAL FAILURE
• 6 Keeping very tight control over mundane acts • 7 Creating a complex organizational structure • 8 Having little or no contact with the customers • 9 Emphasizing productivity through programmes
& systems & things rather than through people • 10 Making the workforce bigger & bigger
THE END
THANK YOU VERY MUCH !
T.M.Jayasekera