How Societies Remember Presented by Sharon Kalman, Sacha Page and Jennifer Stevenson.
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Transcript of How Societies Remember Presented by Sharon Kalman, Sacha Page and Jennifer Stevenson.
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How Societies Remember
Presented bySharon Kalman, Sacha
Page andJennifer Stevenson
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About the AuthorAbout the Author
“How Societies Remember” by Paul Connerton published 1989.Dr Paul Connerton, a sociologist, teaches in the department of Social Anthropology at Cambridge University.Fellow of the Institute of Romance Studies at London College
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Social Memory – Social Memory – TerminologyTerminology
RecollectionHistorical ReconstructionSocial MemoryPersonal Memory Cognitive MemoryPerformative ActionsHabit MemoryForgettingSocial Persistence
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Social MemorySocial Memory
Using Halbwachs as a starting point he asserts that memory is a socially constructed phenomena.Counters notions of memory that are purely psychological or purely constructed by social narrative.Instead argues that memory is embodied in social practice. “Habit Memory” is primarily expressed in actual body or physical movements of people and in ritual performance.
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Social Memory (continued)Social Memory (continued)Social memory causes an inertia in social structures.
An important part of understanding social structures and identity is an examination of habit, bodily practices and ritual.
People create notions of themselves as they relate to their world and others in their society
These interactions are at the base of identity creation and maintenance.
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Connerton’s Intellectual Connerton’s Intellectual AntecedentsAntecedents
Maurice Halbwachs “La Memoire Collective”
Z. Bauman “Memories of Class”
P. Nora “Les lieux de la memoire”
D. Lowenthal “The Past is a foreign country”
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““How Societies Remember” How Societies Remember” It’s ReceptionIt’s Reception
Very well received, not only in Memory Studies but also in the broad disciplinary fields of history, sociology and anthropology. His interpretations of social memory used in many interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary studies .Main criticisms are that his theory portrays social structures as too static and inert. Also his claim that his perspective is a “new” way to understand social memory, is not quite accurate because many anthropologists studied “bodily practices”.
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Commemorative Commemorative CeremoniesCeremonies
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RitualRitual
RitualRule-governed activity of a symbolic character which draws the attention of its participants to objects of thought and feeling which they hold to be of special significance.
Defined by Steven Lukesand adhered to by
Connerton
Ritual1. The prescribed order of a
religious ceremonyAmerican Heritage Dictionary
2. The prescribed form of conducting a formal secular ceremony
American Heritage Dictionary 3. Any act or practice regularly
repeated in a set precise manner for relief of anxiety Merriam-Webster medical dictionary
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Ritual (continued)Ritual (continued)
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RitesRitesFormalized acts that tend to be stylized, stereotyped, and repetitive. They are not spontaneous and are deliberately observed to denote feelings. (Dictionary definition: A ceremonial act established by law or custom)
Hitler Youth march
Christian Confirmation
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ReligionReligion
Abraham
Jesus
Mosque
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History=identity=History=identity=continuity=commemorationcontinuity=commemoration
Passover Seder
Pilgrimage to Mecca The Crucifixion (el Greco)
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Modern Invented RitesModern Invented Rites
Bastille Day
Olympic Opening Ceremonies
Jubilee Day
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CalendricalCalendrical
Jewish New Year
Chinese New Year
New Year’s Eve: Times Square
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VerbalVerbal
Hebrew
Latin`
Sanskrit Arabic
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GesturalGestural
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Bodily PracticesBodily Practices
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Incorporating PracticesIncorporating Practices
Information is taken from the action and interpreted based on various factors such as culture, religion or race.
Living models help us learn these practices and the meaning is just understood but never directly discussed.
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Inscribing PracticesInscribing Practices
Ways to provide information even after the informing system has stopped providing information. These must be taught in steps and explained in order to be understood but once they are understood they are with us forever. An example of this is learning the alphabet.
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What type of practice do you think What type of practice do you think this is? When do we shake hands?this is? When do we shake hands?
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What type of practice is What type of practice is this?this?
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The overlap between The overlap between practicespractices
There is an overlap between incorporating practices and inscribing practices.Connerton claims that although the overlap exists there will always be a dominating factor.
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Gestures can also beGestures can also beReferential which means that it refers to means of a sign. (cultural)Notational which means that it provides support for the content of the conversation. (transcends culture)
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More signs. What do each of these More signs. What do each of these mean ? how did you learn their mean ? how did you learn their meanings?meanings?
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Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
Words, images & bodily practices help us preserve the past.We are writing in an alphabet that is centuries old.We view artifacts that are centuries old.We are performing simple actions that have been done for centuries.Everything we do connects us to the past whether we realize it or not.