How’s Life inHow’s Life in Spain?

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

How’s Life in Spain?

Spain’s current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

Note: This chart shows Spain’s relative strengths and weaknesses in well-being compared to other OECD countries. Longer bars always indicate

better outcomes (i.e. higher wellbeing), whereas shorter bars always indicate worse outcomes (lower well-being) – including for negative

indicators, marked with an *, which have been reverse-scored. Inequalities (gaps between top and bottom, differences between groups, people

falling under a deprivation threshold) are shaded with stripes, and missing data in white.

Spain’s resources for future well-being, 2018 or latest available year

Note: ❶=top-performing OECD tier, ❷=middle-performing OECD tier, ❸=bottom-performing OECD tier. ➚ indicates consistent

improvement; ↔ indicates no clear or consistent trend; ➘ indicates consistent deterioration, and “…” indicates insufficient time series to

determine trends since 2010. For methodological details, see the Reader’s Guide of How’s Life? 2020.

Genderw age gap*

AVERAGE

INEQUALITY

House-hold

income

House-hold

w ealth

Housingaffordability

Ov er-crow ding

rate*

Employ -ment rate

Student skills in science

Long hours in paid w ork*

Access to green space

Ex posure to outdoor air pollution*

Students w ith

low skills*

Life ex pectancy

Gap in life ex pectancy by education

(men)*

Gender gap in hours

w orked*

Time off

Life satisfaction

Socialinter-

actions

Negative affect

balance*

Lack of social

support*

Voter turnout

Hav ing no say in

gov ernment*

Homicides*

Gender gap in feeling

safe

INCOME AND WEALTH

WORK AND JOB QUALITY

HOUSING

WORK-LIFE BALANCE

HEALTH

KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

SOCIAL CONNECTIONS

CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

SAFETY

SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING

S80/S20 income

share ratio*

Natural Capital Economic Capital Human Capital Social Capital

Greenhouse gas

emissions per capitaProduced fixed assets

…

…

Educational

attainment of young

adults

Trust in others

…

Material footprintFinancial net worth of

governmentPremature mortality

Trust in

government

Red List Index of

threatened speciesHousehold debt

Labour

underutilisation rate

Gender parity in

politics

2

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

For more information

Access the complete publication, including information about the methods used to determine trends at:

https://doi.org/10.1787/9870c393-en.

Find the data used in this country profile at: http://oecd.org/statistics/Better-Life-Initiative-2020-country-

notes-data.xlsx.

Deprivations in Spain

Deprivations in selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

Note: Relative income poverty refers to the share of people with household disposable income below 50% of the national median; financial

insecurity refers to the share of individuals who are not income poor, but whose liquid financial assets are insufficient to support them at the

level of the national relative income poverty line for at least three months; housing cost overburden refers to the share of households in the

bottom 40% of the income distribution spending more than 40% of their disposable income on housing costs; and low satisfaction with life and

with time use refer to the share of the population rating their satisfaction as 4 or lower (on a 0-10 scale).

SPAIN

of the population live in relativeincome poverty

16%

of poor households spend more than40% of their income on housing costs

29%

say they have no friends or familyto turn to in times of need

8%

of the population report lowlife satisfaction

6%

would be at risk of falling into poverty if theyhad to forgo 3 months of their income

33%

are not satisfied with how theyspend their time

16%

Source: OECD (2020), How’s Life? 2020: Measuring Well-Being

3

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

Inequalities between men and women in Spain

Gender ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

Note: Grey bubbles denote no clear difference between men and women, defined as gender ratios within 0.03 points distance to parity.

0.73

0.82

0.83

0.86

0.89

0.92

0.93

0.95

0.95

0.99

0.99

1.00

1.00

1.01

1.07

1.20

// 1.75

// 2.59

// 3.31

Long-term unemployment rate

Hours worked (paid and unpaid)

Employment rate

Feeling safe

Earnings

Social interactions

Perceived health

Time off

Adult skills (numeracy)

Life satisfaction

Social support

Student skills (science)

Having a say in government

Satisfaction with personal relationships

Life expectancy

Job strain

Homicide victims

Long working hours (in paid work)

Deaths from suicide, alcohol, drugs

Men doing better OECD average Women doing better

4

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

Inequalities between age groups in Spain

Age ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

Note: Age ranges differ according to each indicator and are only broadly comparable. They generally refer to 15-24/29 years for young people,

25/30 to 45/50 years for the middle-aged and 50 years and over for older people. See How’s Life? 2020 for further details. Grey bubbles denote

no clear difference between age groups, defined as age ratios within 0.03 points distance to parity.

A.  Younger and middle-aged people

B.  Younger and older people

// 0.32

0.68

0.71

0.86

0.94

0.97

1.00

1.03

1.03

1.03

1.07

1.17

// 1.88

// 1.91

Employment rate

Earnings

Long-term unemployment rate

Job strain

Having a say in government

Feeling safe

Adult skills (numeracy)

Life satisfaction

Satisfaction with personal relationships

Social support

Time off

Satisfaction with time use

Long working hours (in paid work)

Social interactions

Middle-aged people doing better OECD average Younger people doing better

// 0.47

// 0.58

0.86

0.95

1.00

1.04

1.04

1.04

1.06

1.06

1.10

1.10

// 1.86

// 1.91

Employment rate

Earnings

Job strain

Having a say in government

Satisfaction with time use

Satisfaction with personal relationships

Time off

Long-term unemployment rate

Social support

Feeling safe

Adult skills (numeracy)

Life satisfaction

Long working hours (in paid work)

Social interactions

Older people doing better OECD average Younger people doing better

5

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

Inequalities between people with different educational attainment in Spain

Education ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

Note: Grey bubbles denote no clear difference between groups with different educational attainment, defined as education ratios within

0.03 points distance to parity.

// 0.36

// 0.56

0.71

0.80

0.87

0.95

0.96

0.96

0.98

1.00

1.01

1.09

Job strain

Long-term unemployment rate

Earnings

Having a say in government

Employment rate

Feeling safe

Life satisfaction

Perceived health

Satisfaction with personal relationships

Social support

Satisfaction with time use

Long working hours (in paid work)

People with tertiary education doing better OECD average People with upper secondary education doing better

6

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

Inequalities between top and bottom performers in Spain

Vertical inequalities for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

Note: For all figures, countries are ranked from left (most unequal) to right (least unequal).

6.5

5.4

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Household income of the top 20% relative to the bottom 20%

51.7

45.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Share of wealth owned by the top 10%, percentage

3.43.1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Earnings of the top 10% relative to the bottom 10%, full-time employees

1.67 1.64

0

1

2

PISA score in science of the top 10% relative to the bottom 10%

2.1 2.1

0

1

2

3

4

Life satisfaction scores of the top 20% relative to the bottom 20%

3.08

2.78

0

1

2

3

4

Satisfaction with time use scores of the top 20%relative to the bottom 20%

7

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

Trends in current well-being since 2010 in Spain - I

Note: The snapshot depicts data for 2018, or the latest available year, for each indicator. The colour of the circle indicates the direction of

change, relative to 2010, or the closest available year: = consistent improvement, = consistent deterioration, = no clear trend,

and white for insufficient time series to determine trends. The OECD average is marked in black. For methodological details, see the Reader’s

Guide of How’s Life? 2020. * = Purchasing Power Parity.

Household income

(household net adjusted disposable income,

USD at 2017 PPPs*, per capita)

Average

Household wealth

(median net wealth, USD at 2016 PPPs)Average

S80/S20 income share ratio

(the household income for the top 20%,

divided by the household income for the

bottom 20%)

Inequality

Housing affordability

(share of disposable income remaining after

housing costs)

Average

Overcrowding rate

(share of households living in overcrowded

conditions)

Inequality

Employment rate

(employed people aged 25-64, as a share of

the population of the same age)

Average

Gender wage gap

(difference between male and female median

wages expressed as a share of male wages)

Inequality

Long hours in paid work

(share of employees usually working 50+

hours per week)

Inequality

Hea

lth Life expectancy

(number of years a newborn can expect to

live)

Average

Inco

me

and

Wea

lth

Ho

usi

ng

Wo

rk a

nd

Jo

b Q

ual

ity

OECD80.5

ESP83.4

OECD7

ESP3.8

OECD12.9

ESP11.5

OECD76.5

ESP69.5

ESP~24 700

OECD~ 28 000

OECD~162 000

ESP~220 000

OECD5.4

ESP6.5

ESP78.5

OECD79.2

ESP3

OECD12

8

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

Trends in current well-being since 2010 in Spain - II

Note: See note on page 7.

Kn

ow

led

ge

and

Ski

lls Student skills in science

(PISA mean scores)Average

En

viro

nm

enta

l

Qu

alit

y

Exposure to outdoor air pollution

(share of population > WHO threshold)Inequality

Life satisfaction

(mean value on a 0-10 scale)Average

Negative affect balance

(share of population reporting more negative

than positive feelings and states yesterday)

Inequality

Homicides

(per 100 000 population)Average

Gender gap in feeling safe

(percentage difference that women feel less

safe than men when walking alone at night)

Inequality

Wo

rk-l

ife

Bal

ance Time off

(time allocated to leisure and personal care,

hours per day)

Average

Social interactions

(hours per week)Average

Lack of social support

(share of people who report having no friends

or relatives whom they can count on in times

of trouble)

Inequality

Civ

ic

En

gag

emen

t

Voter turnout

(share of registered voters who cast votes)Average

Su

bje

ctiv

e W

ell-

bei

ng

Saf

ety

So

cial

Co

nn

ecti

on

s

OECD489

ESP483

ESP46.4

OECD62.8

ESP21

OECD13

ESP0.6

OECD2.4

OECD12.9

ESP11.5

ESP15.7

OECD15

OECD6

ESP5.8

OECD8.6

ESP8.1

OECD69

ESP72

OECD7.4

ESP7.3