How does it relate to the information we learned from ... · W.E.B. Dubois POLITICAL Discrimination...
Transcript of How does it relate to the information we learned from ... · W.E.B. Dubois POLITICAL Discrimination...
Expanding Public EducationChapter 8, Section 2
Primary (elementary) Schools High (secondary) Schools andHigher Education (colleges,
universities)
Immigrant Adult Education
1. Elementary Schools (Primary School)
• Strict discipline, physical punishment
• Compulsory
• Curriculum: reading, writing, arithmetic (3 R’s)
• Overall: growing – BUT blacks often restricted
2. High School (Secondary School)
• Curriculum (classes offered) expanded
– Science, civics, home ec, history, literature, vocational training classes
• Overall: growing in numbers
– Few open for blacks (private high school instead)
1 more slide for this column
2. Colleges/Universities (Higher Education)
• More courses: modern languages, engineering, econ, physical sci, psych, sociology
– Professional courses: law, medicine
• To get in: entrance exam, high school diploma
• Overall: growing in numbers
– Separate black universities/institutes
3. Education for Immigrant ADULTS
• Night school, employers offer daytime courses
• “Americanize” workers
– Teach citizenship skills (History, Govt., English)
• Growth because increase in immigration numbers
So What? What’s important to understand about this?
• What trends to do you see in education during this time period?
Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. DuBoisCompare and Contrast their backgrounds and views on
education for blacks:Pg. 284-285
Booker T. Washington
• Racism will end when blacks get useful labor skills and prove economic value to society
• Started Tuskegee Institute for blacks
• Get skills in agricultural, domestic, or mechanical work
• Gradual approach, prove skill/worth
W.E.B. DuBois
• No gradual approach
• Niagara Movement
• Blacks should seek liberal arts education so they can have well-educated leaders
• Immediate inclusion in mainstream life
• Equality of ALL men
• Immediate approach, same opportunities as whites
BOTH: very well educated, want equality for blacks, created institutions or groups to help blacks get better opportunities/education
Key Civil Rights Leaders of Gilded and Progressive Ages
Civil Rights. Personal liberties that belong to an individual, owing to his or her status as
a citizen or resident of a particular country or community
Vocabulary: Define
• Poll tax:
• Literacy test:
• Grandfather clause:
• Segregation:
• Jim Crow laws:
Pg. 287
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)• Facts:
– 1890 Louisiana Separate Car Act (separate accommodations for whites/blacks)– Homer Plessy (1/8 black) tests law by violating it– Arrested, found guilty– Appeals to Supreme Court
• Constitutional issue:– Does law of “equal but separate” violate 13th and 14th Amendment rights? – Remember Reconstruction Amendments: 13 = FREE, 14 = CITIZENS, 15 = VOTE
• Decision:– 7-1 against Plessy– LA law did not violate 13th or 14th
• He still has equal access – it is just separate
• Effects:– Short term: allows segregation laws (Jim Crow) under “separate but equal”– Long term: public facilities segregated for over 50 years
Race Relations
• Racial etiquette: informal rules on black and white interactions or relationships
– Belittled (humiliated) blacks, treated as 2nd class citizens
• EXAMPLES:
– Never shook hands
– Had to move off the sidewalk to let whites pass
– Remove your hat out of respect to whites
• Severe punishments or even death if violated rules
Discrimination OUTSIDE of the South
• North: mostly target blacks
– Live in segregated neighborhoods
– Workplace discrimination
– Race riots to keep blacks out
Discrimination OUTSIDE of the South
• West: non-whites (Natives, Asians, Mexicans, Blacks)
– Mexicans: paid less
• Debt peonage: system that binds laborers into slavery until they work off a debt (13th Amendment issue????)
– Chinese: whites fear job competition
• Segregated schools, neighborhoods
• Chinese Exclusion Act
Cities more “livable” Communications Technology Expanding Education Booker T. Washington
Skyscrapers, subways, “el” save
space
Cheap paper, high speed printing
press = more affordable
Increased, expanded at all levels Have to prove value to society
Elevators Flight = airmail Encouraged for immigrants –
Americanization
Manual labor skills – agriculture,
mechanic, domestic
Electric streetcars, bridges connect Kodak camera = photojournalism Discrimination against blacks Tuskegee Institute
Parks, recreational areas Easier, increased communication Literacy increases Gradual approach
W.E.B. Dubois POLITICAL Discrimination Segregation/Discrimination Popular Mass Culture
Equality of all NOW Poll tax Jim Crow laws Amusement parks – roller coaster,
ferris wheel
Need educated leaders- need
same education as whites
Literacy test Plessy v. Ferguson – “separate but
equal”
Sports – tennis, cycling, boxing,
baseball
Niagara Movement NAACP Grandfather clause Debt peonage – Mexican
immigrants
Theater, cultural opportunities –
art galleries, libraries, museums
Immediate approach Ways to restrict 14th/15th
Amendment rights of blacks but
still allow whites to vote
Chinese Exclusion Act – Asian
immigrants
Reading– comics, sports section,
women’s news, sensational
stories, “dime novels,” westerns
Key Topic: Life at the Turn of the 20th Century
(Chapter 8)
Is about….changes between the end of the 1800s and the beginning of the 1900s
in cities, communications, education, and society