How do countries go through stages of Population Change

20 April 2023

Learning Objectives:

To identify characteristics of populations at different stages of development.

Stretch will identify countries and characteristics for each stage of the DTM.

Essential will understand the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

Challenge will accurately apply this knowledge to an exam question.

Learning Outcomes:

Level 1 (Basic) 1-3 marks Level 2 (Clear) 4-5 marks

Describes info – focus on natural change

•Describes information shown in table. •Refers to individual countries. •May be general and random. •Will emphasise natural change. •Comment, if present, will be tentative.

Reference to other info; comments

•Description of rates of population change is clear and supported by evidence. •Considers in the light of other information – such as births, deaths, imr or notes of anomalies. •Clear, explicit comment.

Comment on the varying rates of natural change shown in Figure 10

• Natural population change clearly varies – it is, with one exception – Russia – positive. • Rates vary – being highest – over 2 in African country of Nigeria. Lowest rates occur in richest area of UK with China being the exception in this context. • Generally, areas with low infant mortality rates have low increases or a decrease – UK and Russia. China is an exception with a natural increase of 0.5 but an infant mortality rate over 20. • Countries with high rates of increase generally have high rates of infant mortality – Nigeria and India. This suggests a higher rate of births where there are higher numbers of infant deaths. • Comment should refer to possible links to other data items, reasons or an assessment of extent of variation, implementation of population policies.

Demography means populationTransition means change

The DTM explains BR and DR patterns across the world and through time.

The DTM allows us to compare different patterns of

demographic and economic development.

Traditional rainforest tribes, Bangladesh, Parts of Ethiopia

• High BR and DR

• Both fluctuate because of disease, war and famine

•Population fairly stable

Pre 1760

Examples

Characteristics of stage

When was the UK in this

stage?

Peru, Sri Lanka, Kenya

• DR decreases

• BR remains high

• Population grows

1760 – 1880

Most countries at lesser stages of development

Eg China, Cuba, Australia

• BR drops rapidly

• DR continues to decrease but more slowly

• Pop grows but not as fast

1880 - 1940

Most countries at further stages of development eg USA, Japan, UK

• Low BR

• Low DR

• BR tends to fluctuate depending on economic situation

Post 1940

Hungary and other eastern Europeans. Also some African countries??!! (high DR - Aids)

• BR very low (below DR)

• DR increased slightly due to ageing population

• pop starts to decrease

??

TIME

Task 1

On you DTM outline:

1 – Draw on the BR and DR lines IN PENCIL and label it

2 – Add the Total Population line IN PENCIL and label it

3 – Shade in the areas where there is Natural Increase (BR higher than DR)

4 – Shade in a different colour where there is Natural Decrease (DR higher than BR)

Characteristics of countries in the different stages

Task 2

On your sheet are different characteristics for countries at different stages on the Demographic

Transition Model.

Decide which stage (1-5) each country characteristic can be found in – Add a 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5

Q: EXPLAIN how and suggest why BR and DR change through the 5 stages of the DTM

Q. Read the case study on the UK and India.

1. Do the countries appear to have gone through, or be going through, the same broad sequence of demographic change.

2. How do their rates of progress through the model compare?

3. How might you explain any differences in the rate of progress?

4. Explain the possible links between the demographic transition and economic development

1. Rainforest Stage 1 High Population

2. Germany Stage 4 Low DR

3. Stage 4 Fluctuating No birth control

4. Careers Low life expectancy Japan

5. Agricultural societies Stage 2 UK

Home learning:

Your task: Complete the questions on the sheet.

Due Tuesday 8th

Q1. List five specific socioeconomic changes.

Improved literacy – compulsory child educationImproved medical careIncreased mechanisationRole and value of children to societyImprovements in sanitationImprovements in infrastructureSuccessful public health campaigns.Emancipation of womenFamily planning policiesTo name a few.

Q2. How well does the Malaysia example fit the Demographic Transition Model?