How did the geography of Ancient Greece affect its development?

Did this help or hurt Ancient Greece?

What two seas are important to Ancient Greece and where are they located in relation to Ancient Greece?

What two Peninsulas is Ancient Greece located on?

What are the most powerful city-states and what are they famous for?

World History I

SOL WH1.5b

Mr. Driskell

The people of ancient Greece shared stories called myths about the gods, goddesses, and heroes in which they believed.

Each god or goddess was worshipped as a deity and ruled over certain areas of the Greeks’ lives.

Deity = another name for God or Goddess

These exciting stories explained natural phenomena that could not be explained by science in the ancient world.

ZEUS – LEADER OF THE OLYMPIAN GODSROMAN NAME JUPITER

• He ruled the Olympians.

• He was the god of the sky, lightning and thundercarrying a thunderbolt as his symbol.

• He married Hera, his sister, which was a family habit.

• He fathered many children with various goddesses and mortals.

HERA – WIFE OF ZEUSROMAN NAME JUNO

• Hera was the goddess of marriage and the home.

• She was the Queenof the Olympians.

• She and Zeus were always quarreling and she frequently outwitted her husband.

APHRODITEROMAN NAME VENUS

• Aphrodite was the goddess of love, beautyand fertility. She was also a protectress of sailors.

• After all the gods on Mount Olympus courted her, she married Hephaestus, the ugliest of the gods.

ARESROMAN NAME MARS

• Ares was the god of war, or more precisely of warlike frenzy.

• He was a ruthless and murderous god, who displayed the worstof humanity’s traits.

HEPHAESTUS – GOD OF FIREROMAN NAME VULCAN

• He was the ugliest of the gods, who was rejected by his mother, Hera, when she hurled him off of Mount Olympus crippling him.

• He fashioned the armorand tools of the gods on a broken mountain near Mount Olympus.

ARTEMIS – GODDESS OF THE WOODS, MOON, AND THE HUNTROMAN NAME DIANA • She helped women in

childbirth, but also brought sudden death with her arrows.

• She was the twin sister of Apollo, whose mother was Leto and father was Zeus.

• She was a chaste huntress, who always carried a silver bow and arrows.

DIONYSUSROMAN NAME BACCHUS • Dionysus was the

god of wine.

• He is said to be the only god on Olympus with a mortal parent.

• Much of the ancient world’s greatest poetry was created in his honor.

HERMESROMAN NAME MERCURY

• Hermes was the messenger of the gods and guide of dead souls to the Underworld.

• He carried Apollo’s golden staff and flew around the heavens and earth on winged sandals.

POSEIDON – GOD OF THE SEAROMAN NAME NEPTUNE

• Poseidon was the god of the sea, earthquakes and horses.

• Although he was officially one of the supreme gods of Mount Olympus, he spent most of his time in his watery domain.

• Although he chose Thetis, a beautiful water nymph, as his queen, he, like his brother Zeus, was a great wanderer fathering hundreds of children.

APOLLO – THE SUN GODROMAN NAME APOLLO

• He was the twin brother of Artemis and the most handsome of the gods.

• Apollo was also the god of prophesy, music and healing.

• He drove his chariotacross the sky to pull the sun each day.

ATHENA - GODDESS OF WISDOM,JUSTICE, WAR, CIVILIZATION AND PEACEROMAN NAME MINERVA • Athena was the goddess

of crafts and the domestic arts and also those of war and wisdom.

• She was the patron goddess of Athens.

• She was the most lovedgoddess on Olympus.

DEMETERROMAN NAME CERUS

• Demeter was the goddess of agriculture.

• She was the sister of Zeus and the mother of Persephone.

HADES – GOD OF THE UNDERWORLDROMAN NAME PLUTO

• Hades was the God of the dead and ruler of the Underworld.

• Hades abducted Persephone, who became his queen.

• He was the jealous brother to Zeus and Poseidon