How are things transformed? Changes and interactions

Unit IV – Lesson 1 –Images made by mirrors and lenses and their purpose

Types of Mirrors

Mirrors come in two basic forms: convex and concave.

A convex mirror, reflects at a wider angle near its edged than its center, creating a slightly distorted image that’s smaller than actual size.

Concave mirrors curve inward, like a spoon (the side that holds soup).

Convex vs. Concave

Convex mirror

Convex Mirror

Convex mirrors have many uses, the smaller size of the images means that you can see more with these surfaces, hence their use in safety mirrors.

Concave mirror

Concave mirror

This mirrors have the ability to create an image when their curvature bounces light to a specific area in front of them, this area is called the focal point.

Non-reversing mirrors

Also known as true mirrors, were created by placing two mirrors perpendicular to each other.

Acoustic mirrors

Huge concrete dishes built to reflect and distribute sound instead of light.

Acoutic mirror

Two-way mirrors

These mirrors are made by coating one side of a sheet of glass with a very thi, very lightly reflective material. When the coated side faces a lighted room, some of the light reflects and some goes into a dark room behind the mirror, making it possible to see into the lighet room but not out.

Two way mirror

Refraction

Image formation by a lens epends upon the wave property called refraction.

Energy’s transformation, importance and usesUnit IV –Lesson 2

Energy

Energy is the capacity to do work. The international measurement system for energy is the “International Measuring System”, which from its name in french, it’s abreviated SI.

The Joule, is the internationaly recognized unit for energy.

Energy

Any form of energy can be transformed into another form, the process of energy transformation is also known as energy coversion.

Energy Transformation

Energy doesn’t disappear, it just changes forms. Energy transformation is the process of changing energy from one form to another.

The main energy forms are: Radiant (light) energy Chemical energy Mechanical energy Nuclear energy Electrical energy Heat (thermal) energy Sound energy

Energy Forms

Energy forms can be classified in two types:

Kinetic energy, which is motion energy. Potential energy, which is stored

energy.

Kinetic energy vs. Potential energy

Sound energy Is a type of wave motion, sending

molecules of air vibrating which produce sound.

Electrical Energy Electrical energy is the moving electrical

charges from one point to another in a conductor.

Nuclear Energy Energy stored from the nucleus of an

atom, that energy can be released when we combine or split the nucleus.

Thermal Energy

Total kinetic energy of atoms and molecules that are constantly in motion.

Radiant Energy

Energy made by electromagnetic waves that produce light.