How are ecosystems different?

Lesson 1

Cycles in Ecosystems

Lesson 2

Changes in Ecosystems

Lesson 3

Biomes

Lesson 4

Water Ecosystems

Chapter 4 Menu

water cycle

evaporation

condensation

precipitation

watershed

runoff

groundwater

carbon cycle

nitrogen cycle

compost

Lesson 1 Splash

What is the water cycle? The continuous

movement of

water between

Earth’s surface

and the air is

the water cycle.

All water on Earth is

recycled constantly.

groundwater

watershed precipitation

condensation

transpiration evaporation

runoff

Lesson 1 a

What is the carbon cycle?

The carbon cycle is the continuous exchange

of carbon among living things.

CO2 in air

dissolved

CO2 in water

marine plankton

remains

rock

respiration

decomposition

photosynthesis

coal natural gas

oil

combustion

(human-made

and natural)

Lesson 1 b

What is the nitrogen cycle?

The nitrogen cycle

is the continuous

trapping of nitrogen

gas into compounds

in the soil and its

return to the air.

nitrogen gas

in air (N2)

nitrogen fixation

denitrification

absorption decomposition

ammonia nitrite nitrate

Lesson 1 c

Other resources need to be recycled,

such as by reusing and by composting.

Some natural resources are

renewable and restore

themselves naturally.

How is matter recycled?

Lesson 1 d

What roles do plants play in the water,

carbon, and nitrogen cycles? Main Idea

Water cycle: Plants release water to the

atmosphere through transpiration.

Carbon cycle: Plants turn carbon dioxide

into carbon-rich foods.

Nitrogen cycle: Plants play a key role in

housing bacteria that fix nitrogen and

transform it into a usable form that other

plants can build with.

Lesson 1 Main Idea Review

____________ is any form of water that falls from the

atmosphere and reaches the ground, such as rain, sleet,

snow, or hail.

The continuous exchange of carbon among living things

is the ___________.

A ___________ is an area from which water is drained.

The changing of a liquid into a gas is ___________.

Precipitation that flows across the land’s surface and is

not absorbed will flow into rivers, lakes, and streams as

___________.

carbon cycle runoff

Vocabulary

evaporation precipitation watershed

Precipitation

Lesson 1 Vocab a Review

____________ is mixture of dead organic material that

can be used as fertilizer.

The continuous trapping of nitrogen gas into compounds in

the soil and its return to the air is called the _______________.

Some runoff water settles underground and becomes ___________.

The continuous movement of water between Earth’s surface and

the air, changing from liquid to gas to liquid, is the ___________.

_____________ is the changing of a gas into a liquid.

compost nitrogen cycle

Vocabulary

condensation groundwater water cycle

Compost

Condensation

Lesson 1 Vocab b Review

water recycled in

process of

evaporation,

condensation,

precipitation

Summarize

End of Lesson

Write a summary of things that

get recycled in an ecosystem.

Many things are recycled

in an ecosystem.

carbon recycled as

plants, carbon-rich

foods release

carbon dioxide

during respiration

nitrogen recycled as

bacteria is turned into

ammonia and returns

nitrogen to ground

through decay

Summary

Lesson 1 GO Review

Lesson 1 Vocab a

Lesson 1 Vocab b

Lesson 1 Vocab c

Lesson 1 Vocab d

Lesson 1 Vocab e

Lesson 1 Vocab f

Lesson 1 Vocab g

Lesson 1 Vocab h

Lesson 1 Vocab i

Lesson 1 Vocab j

extinct species

endangered species

threatened species

succession

primary succession

pioneer species

pioneer community

climax community

secondary succession

Lesson 2 Splash

How can ecosystems change?

Natural events such as earthquakes, fires,

and floods can change ecosystems.

Organisms such as beavers, elephants,

and coral can change ecosystems.

Humans can change ecosystems by actions such as cutting

down forests, using pesticides, and causing pollution.

Lesson 2 a

What happens when ecosystems change?

Organisms either adapt to

changes in ecosystems or

their species dies out.

Changes to ecosystems affect the

organisms within that ecosystem.

Lesson 2 b

How do ecosystems come back?

Ecosystems can gradually change over time.

Succession happens when one

ecosystem eventually changes into

a new and different ecosystem.

bare rock lichens and

mosses small plants,

lichens, grasses and shrubs

shrubs and poplar, pine, and willow

trees

maple and beech trees

Lesson 2 c

What is secondary succession?

Secondary

succession is the

beginning of a new

community where

a community had

already existed.

Secondary succession happens faster than

primary succession, but happens in the same

way as primary succession.

Lesson 2 d

What can cause ecosystems to change?

Main Idea

natural: fire, flood, storm, earthquake,

natural succession

human-caused: pollution, land

development, farming, burning forests

Lesson 2 Main Idea Review

The process of one ecosystem changing into a new

and different ecosystem is called ______________.

When a species is in danger of becoming extinct,

it is called an __________________.

__________________ are the first species living

in an otherwise lifeless area.

A ________________ is the final stage of succession.

When the last member of a species dies, the species

becomes an __________________.

climax community

Vocabulary

endangered species pioneer species

Pioneer species

extinct species succession

Lesson 2 Vocab a Review

_____________________ takes place in a community

where few, if any, living things exist, or where earlier

communities were wiped out.

Species with low numbers that could become

endangered are called _____________________.

A _____________________ is the first living

community in an otherwise lifeless area.

_____________________ is the beginning of a new

community where a community had already existed.

pioneer community

Vocabulary

primary succession threatened species

Secondary succession

secondary succession

Primary succession

Lesson 2 Vocab b Review

moss and lichens grow

Cause and

Effect

End of Lesson

Tell the causes and

effects that result in

a barren, lifeless

ecosystem

becoming a forest.

rocks break down

soil collects larger plants grow

soil gets deeper

small trees grow

trees block light

hardwoods grow

pines die hardwoods take over

Lesson 2 GO Review

Lesson 2 Vocab a

Lesson 2 Vocab b

Lesson 2 Vocab c

Lesson 2 Vocab d

Lesson 2 Vocab e

Lesson 2 Vocab f

Lesson 2 Vocab g

Lesson 2 Vocab h

Lesson 2 Vocab i

biome

desert

tundra

taiga

tropical rain forest

temperate rain

forest

deciduous forest

grassland

Lesson 3 Splash

What are biomes? Biomes are Earth’s

major land ecosystems.

Each biome has its own

characteristic animals,

plants, soil, and climate.

Lesson 3 a

What are some harsh biomes?

Tundra and taiga are harsh biomes.

Both have extremely cold weather.

Lesson 3 b

What are some forest biomes?

The two main types of

forest biomes on Earth

are rain forests and

deciduous forests.

There are two types of

rain forests: tropical rain

forests and temperate

rain forests.

tropical rain forest

temperate rain forest

Lesson 3 c

What are grasslands?

The grassland is a biome where

grasses are the main plant life.

Grasses are the producers

of grassland ecosystems.

There are many kinds of

animals living on grasslands.

Lesson 3 d

What are Earth’s six major land biomes?

Main Idea

•desert

• tundra

• taiga

• rain forest

•deciduous forest

•grassland

Lesson 3 Main Idea Review

The _______________ is a forest biome with

four distinct seasons and deciduous trees.

The _______________ is a biome where grasses,

not trees, are the main plant life.

A _______________ is one of Earth’s major land

ecosystems with its own characteristic animals,

plants, soil, and climate.

The _______________ is a cool forest biome

of conifers found in northern regions.

biome deciduous forest

Vocabulary

taiga grassland

Lesson 3 Vocab a Review

A ____________________ is a biome with a lot

of rain, fog, and cool climate.

The ____________________ is a large, treeless biome

where the ground is frozen all year.

The ____________________ is a hot, humid biome near

the equator, with heavy rainfall and a wide variety of life.

A ____________________ is a sandy or rocky biome,

with little precipitation and little plant life.

desert

temperate rain forest

Vocabulary

tundra

tropical rain forest

Lesson 3 Vocab b Review

Classify

End of Lesson

How would you classify the biome

where you live? Give reasons to

support your classification.

The biome where I

live has 4 seasons

with cold winters

and warm summers.

Deciduous Forest Biome

The leaves on the

trees change color

in the fall.

The trees lose their

leaves in the winter.

Lesson 3 GO Review

Lesson 3 Vocab a

Lesson 3 Vocab b

Lesson 3 Vocab c

Lesson 3 Vocab d

Lesson 3 Vocab e

Lesson 3 Vocab f

Lesson 3 Vocab g

Lesson 3 Vocab h

plankton

nekton

benthos

intertidal zone

estuary

Lesson 4 Splash

What are water ecosystems?

Most of Earth’s surface is covered by water.

About 97% of the world’s water is salty

ocean water. The other 3% is fresh water.

benthos nekton plankton

plankton

benthos

nekton

Lesson 4 a

What are freshwater ecosystems?

Rivers and streams are

running-water ecosystems.

Lakes and ponds are

standing-water ecosystems.

Swamps, bogs, and marshes

are freshwater wetlands.

Lesson 4 b

What are ocean ecosystems?

Ocean ecosystems are divided into

three zones: the intertidal zone, the

neritic zone, the oceanic zone.

The oceanic zone is further divided into

the bathyal zone and the abyssal zone.

bathyal zone

abyssal zone

neritic zone

intertidal

zone

Lesson 4 c

Where do salt and fresh water meet?

The boundary where fresh water feeds

into salt water is called an estuary.

Estuaries are unique

ecosystems that are part

salt water and part fresh

water. Estuaries usually

contain salt marshes.

Lesson 4 d

Which water ecosystem contains

most of the world’s water?

Main Idea

Oceans contain most of the

world’s water; it is salt water.

Lesson 4 Main Idea Review

The shallowest part of the ocean ecosystem is called

the ______________.

The boundary where fresh water feeds into salt water is

called an ______________.

______________ are organisms that live on the bottom of

a body of water; many are scavengers and decomposers.

______________ are creatures that drift freely in the water.

______________ are the larger, active swimmers in water

ecosystems, such as fish, turtles, and whales.

benthos

Vocabulary

estuary nekton

Benthos

plankton

Plankton

Nekton

intertidal zone

Lesson 4 Vocab Review

Main Idea Details

Some ecosystems

get a fresh supply

of water every day.

Rivers, streams, and

estuaries get a fresh

supply of water every

day.

Main Idea

and Details

End of Lesson

Which freshwater ecosystems get a fresh

supply of water every day? Which do not?

Use details to support your answer.

Lakes and especially

ponds often have the

same water in place.

Lesson 4 GO Review

Lesson 4 Vocab a

Lesson 4 Vocab b

Lesson 4 Vocab c

Lesson 4 Vocab d

Lesson 4 Vocab e