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Transcript of Relationships in Ecosystems Chapter 1 Lesson 2. GLE 0507.2.1: Investigate different nutritional...
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Relationships in Ecosystems
Chapter 1 Lesson 2
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GLE 0507.2.1: Investigate different nutritional relationships among organisms in an ecosystem.
GLE 0507.2.2: Explain how organisms interact through symbiotic, commensal, and parasitic relationships.
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How do organisms depend on one another for energy?
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Imagine you are on a hike in TN. Name all of the biotic (living) factors
you see.
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Now,name all of the abiotic (nonliving) factors you see.
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What is an ecosystem?
• Biotic factors are living things.
– List 4 biotic factors in this picture.
• Abiotic factors are nonliving things.
– List 4 abiotic factors found in this picture.
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What is an ecosystem?
• Together the biotic and abiotic factors make up the forest ecosystem.
• An ecosystem includes all of the living and the nonliving things in an environment.
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What is an ecosystem?
• The organisms in an ecosystem can be sorted into different populations.
• A population includes all members of a single species in an area at a given time.
For example: In this picture, you see a population of ___________. You also see a population of _____________.
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Name the populations you can see in this ecosystem.
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What is an ecosystem?• Together the many
different populations make up a community.
• A community includes all the living things (or populations) in an ecosystem.
• A community not only includes all of the plants and animals living there, but also bacteria, protists, and fungi.
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What is an ecosystem?• An ecosystem can be
local or widespread.
• It can be as large as an entire forest.
• Or one fallen log in the middle of a forest can make up an ecosystem.
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Listening Quiz
1. Which of the following is NOT a biotic factor?
A. Rock
B. Deer
C. Oak tree
D. Fly
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Listening Quiz
2. Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?
A. Rock
B. Deer
C. Water
D. Oxygen
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Listening Quiz
3. Wildflowers are _____________ factors.
A. Biotic
B. Abiotic
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Listening Quiz
4. All of the living and nonliving things in an environment make up a(n) __________________.
A. Biotic
B. Abiotic
C. Ecosystem
D. Population
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Listening Quiz
5. All of the living and nonliving things in an environment make up a(n) __________________.
A. Biotic
B. Abiotic
C. Ecosystem
D. Population
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Listening Quiz
6. All of the members of one species living in an environment make up a(n) __________________.
A. Community
B. Abiotic
C. Ecosystem
D. Population
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Listening Quiz
7. All of the living things in an ecosystem make up a(n) __________________.
A. Community
B. Abiotic
C. Ecosystem
D. Population
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Listening Quiz
8. All of the blue spruce trees in a forest form a _______________.
A. Community
B. Population
C. Ecosystem
D. Abiotic factor
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Listening Quiz
9. A _____________ might include deer, squirrels, pine trees, ferns, and grass.
A. Community
B. Population
C. Ecosystem
D. Abiotic factor
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Listening Quiz
10. Mushrooms are a(n) __________ factor.
A. Biotic
B. Ecosystem
C. Population
D. Abiotic
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Project:
On your own paper, design a diorama for one of the following biomes: deciduous forest, grassland, tundra, taiga, tropical rain forest.
Include:• at least five populations• 4 abiotic factors• 5 biotic factors
Refer to the rubric your teacher gives you to make sure you include all necessary items.
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How are food chains alike?
• The path that energy and nutrients follow in an ecosystem is called a food chain.
• A food chain is a model of the food relationships that exist between organisms.
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How are food chains alike?
• The arrows represent the flow of energy from one organism to another.
• The arrows point to the belly organism that is doing the eating.
– The caterpillar eats the flower.
– The frog eats the caterpillar.
– The snake eats the frog.
– The owl eats the snake.
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How are food chains alike?• All energy in a food
chain comes from the sun.
• Producers are at the beginning of all food chains.
– A producer is an organism that uses the sun’s energy to make its own food in the form of sugar or starch.
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PRODUCERLANTS Click to View: Photosynthesis Animation
7 minutes
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How are food chains alike?• We can think of
producers as plants. Algae is another example.
• Producers use energy from the sun, along with water and carbon dioxide to make sugar molecules.
• These sugar molecules are the original source of food for consumers.
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How are food chains alike?• A consumer is any animal that
eats (or consumes) plants or other animals.
• Animals that eat only producers (plants) are called herbivores.
– Examples: squirrels, some birds, grazing animals
• Animals that eat other animals rather than producers are called carnivores.
– Examples: bobcats, hawks
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How are food chains alike?• Animals that eat both
plants and animals are called omnivores.
– Examples of omnivores are raccoons, mice, and some crabs.
• Dead or decaying animals are broken down by decomposers.
– Examples: bacteria, fungi, termites, and many worms
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How are food chains alike?
• Consumers that eat the left over bodies of animals that have started to rot are called scavengers.– Examples: vultures, eagles, raccoons
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Listening Guide
1. Where does the energy in a food chain come from?
A. Sun
B. Grass
C. Deer
D. Wolf
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Listening Guide
2. Which of the following is a producer?
A. Sun
B. Grass
C. Deer
D. Wolf
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Listening Guide
3. Which of the following is a consumer?
A. Sun
B. Grass
C. Deer
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Listening Guide
4. Which of the following is a consumer?
A. Sun
B. Wolf
C. Grass
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Listening Guide
5. Which of the following is a herbivore?
A. Sun
B. Wolf
C. Grass
D. Deer
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Listening Guide
6. Which of the following is a carnivore?
A. Sun
B. Wolf
C. Grass
D. Deer
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Listening Guide
7. Which of the following is a decomposer?
A. tiger
B. bear
C. mushroom
D. tree
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Listening Guide
8. Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?
A. soil
B. air
C. mushroom
D. sun
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Listening Guide
9. Which of the following is NOT an biotic factor?
A. worm
B. rain
C. grass
D. deer
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Listening Guide
10. Which of the following is a scavenger?
A. lion
B. tiger
C. vulture
D. bear
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What are food webs made of?
• In most food chains, a single organism is not eaten by only one consumer.
– For Example: The insects in the food web can be eaten by either the frogs or the birds.
• This makes the insects part of two food chains.
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What are food webs made of?
• A food web is a network of food chains that have some links in common.
• Food webs are just several food chains put together.
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What are food webs made of?
• The arrows represent the flow of energy from one organism to another.
• The arrows point to the belly of the organism doing the eating!– Both the owl AND the
snake eat the frog.
– The fox eats mice, squirrels, and rabbits.
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What are food webs made of?• The hawk in the food
web hunts for food.
• This makes the hawk a predator.
– Predators are animals that hunt other animals for food.
• Animals that are hunted for food are called prey.
– The snake and the fish are examples of prey.
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What are food webs made of?
• Predators are important in a food web.
• They limit the size of prey populations.
• When the number of prey animals are reduced, producers and other resources in an ecosystem are less likely to run out.
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Listening Guide
1. A network of food chains that share some links is called a ___________.
A. Predator
B. Prey
C. Producer
D. Food web
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Listening Guide
2. Organisms that get eaten by other animals are called ____________
A. Predator
B. Prey
C. Producer
D. Food web
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Listening Guide
3. Organisms that hunt other animals to eat them are called ____________.
A. Predator
B. Prey
C. Producer
D. Food web
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Listening Guide
4. Animals that eat decaying or rotting animals are called ___________.
A. Predator
B. Decomposers
C. Scavengers
D. Food web
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Listening Guide
5. The arrows on a food web represent the flow of __________ from one organism to another.
A. Herbivore B. Decomposers C. Scavengers D. energy
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Listening Guide
6. The arrow always points to the _______ of the organism doing the ________.
A. Belly - producing
B. Belly – hiding
C. Belly - decomposing
D. Belly - eating
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Listening Guide
7. If prey populations get too large, _________ might run out.
A. Producers and consumers
B. Producers and resources
C. Water
D. Energy
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Listening Guide
8. At the base of each food chain are _____ that use the Sun’s energy to make sugar and oxygen.
A. ConsumersB. ProducersC. PredatorsD. Herbivores
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Listening Guide9. The original source of food for ________, or
any animal that eats plants or other animals, is sugar molecules.
A. HerbivoresB. ProducersC. PredatorsD. Consumers
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Listening Guide10. All the members of the same species living
in an ecosystem are called a ____________ .
A. Producer
B. Population
C. Predator
D. Consumer
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What are symbiotic relationships?
• Living things interact with each other in many different ways.
• Sometimes one organism hunts another. (predators–prey)
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What are symbiotic relationships?
• Relationships such as predators and prey are examples of interdependence.
• Interdependence is the reliance of certain organisms on other organisms for their survival.
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What are symbiotic relationships?
• A relationship between two organisms that lasts over a period of time is called symbiosis.
Joshua (Yucca) Tree and the Yucca Moth
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What are symbiotic relationships?
• A symbiotic relationship that benefits both organisms is called mutualism.
– Examples: • yucca tree and the yucca
moth
• ants and the acacia tree
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What are symbiotic relationships?
• Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship that benefits one organism without harming the other.
– Examples:
• ray and remoras
• orchids and rain forest trees
• Clownfish and anemones
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What are symbiotic relationships?
• A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed is called parasitism. – Examples:
• Tapeworms
• Ticks
• Lamprey
lamprey
tapeworm
tick