Honors Foreign Policy
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Transcript of Honors Foreign Policy
WWII TO VIETNAM
Honors Foreign Policy
End of WWII U.S.
Heightened Industrial CapacityU.S. Economy Strengthened by WarMilitary forces in W. Europe and East
AsiaRapid demobilization of military and
cuts in defense spendingNo policy to deal with Soviet
Aggression
End of WWII Soviet Union
Military forces in Eastern Europe and Korea
Parts of Russia destroyed Installation of communist
governments in Eastern EuropeRising Soviet influence in Middle East
and Asia
Why did Stalin distrust the U.S.?
Formation of United Nations
Founded in 1945, to replace League of Nations To maintain international peace and
security To take effective collective measures for
the prevention and removal of threats to the peace
To develop friendly relations among nations
Truman Doctrine (1947)
The U.S. could survive only in a world in which freedom flourished
Provided military and economic aid to countries threatened by communist aggression
U.S. appropriated $400 million for economic aid and military supplies for Turkey and Greece
Containment
George Kennan formulated the policy of containment
A long term policy to counter Soviet aggression
The U.S. must make it difficult for the Soviet Union to expand its power through diplomatic, economic, and military means
The U.S. is more favorably positioned for a long term struggle because it controls more centers of industry
National Security Act
Iron Curtain Europe
Trade and Economics
Bretton Woods System
Promoted liberal economic system in the world based on open markets
Created two institutions to promote economic growth among market economies
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)
International Monetary Fund (IMF), governs currency exchanges and provides credits for short-term currency crises
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
Marshall Plan
European Union
European Union
European Union
Political Organizations
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
North Atlantic Treaty Organization founded in 1949
Organization to promote collective self defense
Signatories included U.S., Canada, and most of Western Europe
Soviet Union responded with Warsaw Pact comprised of the Soviet Union and 7 satellite states in Eastern Europe
World Events
Berlin Blockade
Berlin Blockade
Berlin Blockade
Chinese Revolution
In 1949, Chinese communist forces under Mao Zedong take control of China after a long civil war
Nationalist forces under Chiang Kai Shek retreat to Taiwan and call it the Republic of China
U.S. recognizes the Republic of China as the legitimate government of China
Mao and Stalin grow to distrust each other
Chinese Revolution
Korean War
Korean War
Korean War
Decolonization and Conflict
Domino Theory
Third World Conflicts
Third World Conflicts
Iran
Iranian Coup was the overthrow of the democratically elected government of Iran in 1953
Government of the United States and United Kingdom engineered the coup with help of CIA
Prime Minister Mosaddegh was replaced by U.S. backed Shah
Mosaddegh wanted to nationalize the oil industry
Congo
Independent from Belgium in 1960Patrice Lumumba first Prime MinisterSoon after independence civil war breaks
outBelgium and U.S. support opposition parties
because they believe Lumumba will ally with Soviet Union
Belgium supports arrest and assassination of Lumumba with U.S. knowledge
Cuba
Cuban Revolution by Fidel Castro 1959Overthrew U.S. supported Batista
regimeTurned to Soviet Union for support
Bay of PigsApril 1961, U.S. supported and
trained Cuban exiles invade CubaThey are defeated in 3 days
Cuba
Cuban Missile CrisisOctober 1962, U.S. discovers Soviet
Union is building missile bases in Cuba for 70 short and intermediate range ballistic missiles that carry nuclear warheads
Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
Nuclear Deterrence
Supported by Eisenhower and John Foster Dulles
The U.S. would not use nuclear weapons first, they would only use them to retaliate
Nuclear weapons used to deter Soviet attackNuclear weapons could replace more
expensive conventional forces that cost more to train and maintain
Nuclear forces deployed in “triad”, ground, aircraft, and submarines
Truman Administration
Eisenhower Administration
Kennedy Administration