Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology.
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Transcript of Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology.
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Honors BiologyChapter 2.1 – 2.7
Population Ecology
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IndividualOne organismEx: Canis lupus, 1 Wolf
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PopulationA group of one species living in an areaEx: 1000 foxes in Kendall Co.
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Population DensityThe number of individuals per unit areaEx: 6 wolves/km2
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What is the density of house sparrows?
1 square km
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What is the density of white-tailed deer?
1 square km
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The pattern of spacing among individualsClumped, Uniform, Random
Population Dispersion
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Population GrowthPositive Population Change
Natality: birth rateImmigration: entering
Negative Population ChangeMortality: death rateEmigration: leaving
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Exponential GrowthUnder ideal conditions with unlimited
resources, the larger a population gets, the faster it grows.
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Logistic GrowthEventually populations run out of space
and resources
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Carrying CapacityThe maximum number of individuals the
environment can support
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Population Size LimitationsDensity Dependent Factors
Limitations of a population due to the size of the population
Density Independent FactorsLimitations of a population with no
relationship to the size of the population
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Density Dependent FactorsCompetition
Food, water, shelter, spacePredationDisease
Parasites, illness
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Density Independent FactorsNatural Disasters
Tornado, Hurricane, Volcanism, etc.TemperatureHuman Activities
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Honors BiologyChapter 2.8 - 2.12
Human Population Problem
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7000 BCEworld population: ~7 million people
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4000 BCEworld population: ~20 million people
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1000 BCEworld population: ~50 million
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1800 CEworld population: ~ 900 million
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Human Population History
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Human Population History
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Human Population History
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If exponential growth continues… In 573 years… 1 person/m2 on Earth In 1546 years… mass of humanity = mass
of the earth No exponential growth can continue
indefinitely
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Planet Earth’s carrying capacity~10 billion peopleThis might be reached by 2050
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Estimated Human Pop. Growth
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Limiting Factors of Human Pop.Food, Water, ShelterAll come from the environment
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Easter Island MysteryRemote, 163km2 island ~2,000mi off coast
of ChileA group of people arrived by boats around
1100CE By 1600’s, population rose to ~15,000
people
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Easter Island MysteryIn 1722, Spanish arrived and only 2,000
people remained21 species of trees & 30 species of birds
extinctFell to only 111 people in 1877
Diseases from Europeans
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