HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS ACTIVITY LINKS Biology and … · 03/10/2017 · The organisation of the...

Essential Natural Science 1

Unit 3 HOME RESOURCES

RESOURCES

CONTENTS

CLOSE BACK

CONTENTS

ACTIVITY LINKS

ACTIVITY

LINKS

Biology and Geology

The organisation of the

human body UNIT 1



RESOURCES

CONTENTS

CLOSE BACK

CONTENTS

ACTIVITY LINKS

ACTIVITY

LINKS

Biology and Geology

Glossary Scurvy (vitamin C)

Beforehand

Strand

To flatten

Focus knobs

Dotted

Parchment paper

Lining (revestimiento)

Spindle (huso)

UNIT 1



RESOURCES

CONTENTS

CLOSE BACK

CONTENTS

ACTIVITY LINKS

ACTIVITY

LINKS

Biology and Geology

Glossary Stained (teñido)

Smear /ia/(frotis)

Bruise /u/ (moratón)

Blood clot (coágulo)

Plug (enchufe, tapón)

Seal (foca, sellar)

UNIT 1


Unit 3 HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS

CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS

UNIT 1 The organisation of the human

body

Biology and Geology

Levels of organisation

Are the different degrees of complexity in which living matter is structured



CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS

UNIT 1 Levels of organisation

Biology and Geology

Atomic level

Atoms join together through chemical bonds and form molecules (biomolecules)

The most essential bioelements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,

phosphorus and sulphur (primary bioelements)



CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Biology and Geology

Atomic level

Atoms join together through chemical bonds and form molecules

(biomolecules)

The most essential bioelements are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O),

nitrogen (N), phosphorus(P) and sulphur (S) (primary bioelements)

Secondary bioelements are present in lesser quantities: Magnesium (Mg),

Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl)

Trace elements or oligoelements: Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Silicon (Si)



CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Biology and Geology

Atomic level

What is the most abundant

element found in living

things?

What about biomolecules?



CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Biology and Geology

Molecular level

Biomolecules

Inorganic

biomolecules

Organic

biomolecules



CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Biology and Geology

Molecular level

Inorganic biomolecules (water, carbon dioxide, mineral salts) It

is present either in living beings and inert matter

Organims Water (%)

Adult 63

Snail 80

Jellyfish 95

Algae 98

Fungus 91

Lichen 55

Seed 14



CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Biology and Geology

Molecular level

Organic biomolecules (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid)

To Tell the difference between organic and inorganic biomolecules



CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Biology and Geology

Water : Main component of living beings



CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Biology and Geology

Organic biomolecules

Lipids The main biological functions are storing energy and acting as

estructural component of cells membrane, e.g fats, waxes, oils, vitamins

Proteins perform many functions, support or scaffolding of cells, actin

and myosin in muscle

Carbohydrates have energetic and structural function; e.g glucose,

cellulose, starch

Nucleic acids store genetic information; e.g DNA and RNA



CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Biology and Geology

Biomolecules

Biomolecules Functions Examples

Organic molecules

(unique to living

things, its main

element is carbon)

Carbohydrates Provide instant energy Glucose, lactose,

sucrose

Lipids Store energy for

future needs

Fats, waxes,

cholesterol

Proteins Form structures such

as hair, skin, muscle

Haemoglobin,

collagen, keratin

Nucleic acids Contain genetic

information

responsible for the

functioning of the cell

Inorganic

molecules (also in

non-living things)

Water Thermal regulator,

transports

substances



CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Biology and Geology


Glucose is a carbohydrate

also called “blood sugar”

Cholesterol is a lipid,

a constituent of the cell membrane



CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Biology and Geology


Haemoglobin is a protein

which transports oxygen in red blood cells



CLOSE BACK

ACTIVITY LINKS


Biology and Geology


Cellulose is a carbohydrate in plant cells

ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2

Unit 1 HOME CONTENTS RESOURCES

CLOSE BACK

LINKS

Types of cells

Eukaryotic cells

The genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus.

Animal cell Plant cell

nucleus

Cellular level

Cells are the first

level capable of

life

Biomolecules join

together to form

cells



CLOSE BACK

LINKS

Organism level

The cell the basic unit of living things

Most of the cells have in common: plasma membrane,

cytoplasm and nucleic acid



CLOSE BACK

LINKS

What are cells made up of?




CLOSE BACK

LINKS


Cellular level

Plant cell



CLOSE BACK

LINKS


Cellular level

Animal cell



CLOSE BACK

LINKS


Labeled

cell plant

diagrame

Cellular level



CLOSE BACK

LINKS

What are cells made up of? Cell structure Function

1.Cell wall (plant cells) Support

2.Cell membrane /the plasma membrane Cell boundary : transport,

interaction

3. The cytoplasm Contains the organelles,

metabolism (fermentation,

oxidation)

3. The cell nucleus /Nucleus Protects DNA, control cell

4. The nuclear envelope Regulates the passege of

substances

5. Chromatin Coils up and forms chromosomes

(strands of DNA)

6. Nucleolus Make ribosomes

The human cell

Vital functions



CLOSE BACK

LINKS The cell the basic unit of living things

A close-up of the nucleus of a cell

Nucleolus

Nuclear envelope

Chromatin



CLOSE BACK

LINKS The Human cell

A close-up of the nucleus of a cell



CLOSE BACK

LINKS





CLOSE BACK

LINKS

What are cells made up of? Cell Organelles Function

1.Ribosomes Protein synthesis (manufactures

the cell’s proteins)

2.The Rough endoplasmic reticulum Stores and transports proteins to

the Golgi apparatus

3.The Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Stores lipids, eliminates toxins

4.The Golgi apparatus Packages substances and

transportes them through vesicles

5. Vesicles Store waste and substances

The functions of cell organelles and other structures



CLOSE BACK

LINKS

Parts of the cell (RER)


Rough ER has that name because, under

the microscope, it looks like it has a bunch

of little bumps. Those are, in fact,

ribosomes attached to the membrane. The

major function of the rough ER is to

synthesize/translate proteins. The RER

works closely with the Golgi apparatus to

make sure proteins fulfill their destinies.



CLOSE BACK

LINKS

Parts of the cell (SER)


SER has not

ribosomes. Its

main function is to

synthesis lipids

(fats) and

eliminate toxines

(in liver)



CLOSE BACK

LINKS The functions of cell organelles

Packages

and stores

proteins



CLOSE BACK

LINKS





CLOSE BACK

LINKS


Organelles Function

6.Chloroplast (only plant cells) Photosynthesis

7. Mitochondrion Cellular respiration

8. Lysosomes Clean up

9. Flagellum Motion

10. Cilia Motion

11. The cytoskeleton It provides structural support to the

organelles, gives the cell its shape

12. The centrioles Direct the chromosomes

separation, involve in creating

structures




CLOSE BACK

LINKS

Parts of the cell




CLOSE BACK

LINKS

Cellular respiration

Unit 10

mitochondrion

Waste products



CLOSE BACK

LINKS

Cellular respiration


• Cellular respiration takes place in the cell

• All living beings carry out this process to

obtein usable energy (ATP)

• Mitochondrion is the organelle where this

process occurs

Direct the

separation of

the

chromosomes



CLOSE BACK

LINKS

Cellular level

The cell variety and differentiation

Differentiation is a process in which the shape and structure of cell changes

in order to enable it to perform a specific function

A tissue is a group of

cells specialised in the

same function.

Types:

Epithelial

Muscle

Nervous

Connective

3. Tissues in the human body

Epithelial tissue (epithelium): 1. Covering epithelium:

mucous membrane lines cavities, endothelial lining of blood vessels , epidermis the outermost layer of the skin

2. Glandular epithelium

Tissues in the human body


Sebaceous glands Sweat glands


Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom

Muscle tissue

It is made up of elongated cells

called muscle fibres.

These fibres are contractile.

Skeletal muscles

Cardiac muscle (myocardium)

Smooth muscle (organs)


Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom

Muscle tissue


Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom

Nervous tissue

Nervous tissue

Neurons (perceive and react

to stimuli)

Glial cells (allongside the

neurons, protection)


Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom


Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom

Connective tissue

Connective tissue

1. Connective tissue proper (organs, ligaments, tendons)

2. Cartilage (ears, trachea, joints)

3. Adipose tissue

4. Bone tissue

5. Blood


Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom

Connective tissue

Connective tissue

Connective tissue proper

(organs, ligaments, tendons)

The cells are arranged irregularly and

are surrounded by lots of fibres


Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom

Connective tissue

Cartilage tissue

It is flexible and strong(ears,

trachea and joints)

The cells (chondrocyte) are small and

egg-shaped. They are arranged in

groups of three or four


Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom

Connective tissue

Adipose tissue

It is the body’ largest energy

reserve and provides insulation

from the cold.

The cells (adipocytes) are large

and round. They are arranged very

close together.


Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom

White adipose tissue (WAT) Brown adipose tissue (BAT)

It contains a single large drop of lipid,

few mitochondria.

It contains lots of tiny lipids (droplets),

rich in mitochondria.

Bad fats These mitochondria contains iron

Stores excess energy as triglycerides,

releases fatty acids during fasting

periods.

Good fats

Secretes adipose derived hormones,

that regulate insulin sensitivity and

satiety

Play a role in generating and controlling

body heat


Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom Bone tissue /Osseous tissue

Connective tissue


Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom Bone tissue / Osseous tissue

Connective tissue

Osteocytes

are

arranged in

concentric

layers


Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom Blood tissue

Connective tissue

Blood is a connective tissue

with a liquid matrix called

plasma

Blood cells are: red blood cells

(erythroocyte, white blood cells

(leukocyte) and platelets


Unit 3

King oyster


Connective tissue

Blood is a connective tissue

with a liquid matrix called

plasma

Blood cells are: red blood cells,

white blodd cells and platelets


Unit 3

King oyster



Unit 3

King oyster

mushroom Organs and systems

An organ is a group of tissues that

work together to perform a function,

e.g the herat, the stomach and

muscles…

Systems are groups of organs that

function as a unit to perform a

common function, e.g the digestive

system, yhe circulatory system…

Systems involved in the

nutrition function:

The digestive system

The respiratory system

The circulatory system

The lymphatic system

The excretory system

Systems involved in the interaction

function:

The nervous system

The endocrine system

The muscular and skeletal system (the

locomotor system)

Systems involved in the reproduction

function:

The female and male reproductive

system



Unit 3

King oyster


Systems involved in the nutrition function:

The digestive system transforms food inot nutrients which are absorbed

into the bloodstream.

The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and CO2 with the outside of

the cell The circulatory system uses blood to transport substances throughout the

body

The lymphatic system transport waste from the cells to the blood.

The excretory system takes waste from the blood and eliminates them

from the body


Unit 3

King oyster


The lymphatic system, or lymph system as it is also called, is a system made up

of glands, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus gland and tonsils. It bathes our body’s

cells and carries the body’s cellular sewage away from the tissues to the blood,

where it can be filtered by two of the body’s main detoxification organs: the liver

and kidneys.


Unit 3

King oyster


Systems involved in the interaction

function:

The nervous system


The muscular and skeletal system (the

locomotor system)

Systems involved in the reproduction

function:

The female and male reproductive

system


HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS ACTIVITY LINKS Biology and … · 03/10/2017 · The organisation of the...

Documents

Transcript of HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS ACTIVITY LINKS Biology and … · 03/10/2017 · The organisation of the...