HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 24 Charting A Course Section...

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

CIVICSCIVICS IN PRACTICEIN PRACTICEHOLTHOLT

Chapter 24Chapter 24

Charting A CourseCharting A Course

Section 1:Section 1: Development of U.S. Foreign PolicyDevelopment of U.S. Foreign Policy

Section 2:Section 2: The Cold WarThe Cold War

Section 3:Section 3: New TrendsNew Trends



Section 1:Section 1: Development of a Foreign PolicyDevelopment of a Foreign Policy

The Main IdeaFor many years, U.S. leaders shaped foreign policy to avoid

involvement in the affairs of other countries. As times changed and the United States became more closely tied to other countries, the nation became more involved in world

affairs.

Reading Focus Why did the United States find it difficult to maintain a policy

of isolationism in its early years? What impact did the Monroe Doctrine and the Good

Neighbor policy have on U.S. international relations? How did World War I and World War II end U.S.

isolationism?



Reasons for IsolationismReasons for Isolationism

Early yearsEarly years——the country was in debt and the country was in debt and struggling to build an economystruggling to build an economy

Early leaders tried to concentrate on the Early leaders tried to concentrate on the country’s development and avoided foreign country’s development and avoided foreign affairs.affairs.

Border disputes with Canada and Spain Border disputes with Canada and Spain blocked expansion and threatened trade.blocked expansion and threatened trade.




U.S. International RelationsU.S. International Relations

War of 1812War of 1812——improved relations with Great improved relations with Great Britain, British Canada, and other foreign Britain, British Canada, and other foreign nations; 100nations; 100--year period of isolationism followedyear period of isolationism followed

The Monroe Doctrine (1823)The Monroe Doctrine (1823)——set course of U.S. set course of U.S. relations with Latin America and Europe; relations with Latin America and Europe; declared Americas closed to colonizationdeclared Americas closed to colonization




U.S. International Relations U.S. International Relations (continued)(continued)

Roosevelt Corollary (1905)Roosevelt Corollary (1905)——United States United States would police the Western Hemisphere; dollar would police the Western Hemisphere; dollar diplomacy developeddiplomacy developed

The Good Neighbor Policy (1933)The Good Neighbor Policy (1933)——opposed opposed armed intervention in Latin America by the armed intervention in Latin America by the United StatesUnited States




Wars End Isolationism:Wars End Isolationism:


World War I—German submarines sank U.S. World War I—German submarines sank U.S. merchant ships, ending U.S. neutralitymerchant ships, ending U.S. neutrality

World War II—United States became the “arsenal of World War II—United States became the “arsenal of democracy”democracy”

December 7, 1941—Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941—Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and shattered U.S. neutrality; U.S. declared war on and shattered U.S. neutrality; U.S. declared war on JapanJapan

Germany and Italy declared war on the United StatesGermany and Italy declared war on the United States



Question: What are some results of U.S. international relations?

SECTION 1

U.S. Foreign Policy

Monroe Doctrine

BEFORE

President Monroe worries that European powers will try to control Latin America.

AFTER

United States warns that it will treat any interference in

Latin America as an unfriendly act.

United States declares the Americas closed to future

colonization.




SECTION 1

U.S. Foreign Policy

United States is threatened by British in Canada.

United States ships are seized by British and French.

BEFORE

United States earns the respect of European nations.

United States makes peace with England.

United States signs the Rush-Bagot Treaty with Canada in 1817.

United States is free to deal with domestic issues.

AFTER

War of 1812




SECTION 1

U.S. Foreign Policy

Good Neighbor Policy

BEFORE

United States protects its investments in

Latin America through dollar diplomacy.

United States acts as the police force of the Western Hemisphere.

AFTER

Monroe Doctrine no longer justifies U.S. interference in Latin

America.

United States emphasizes friendly agreements

between United States and Latin American

countries.




The Main IdeaThe United States and the Soviet Union worked together during

World War II, but the two nations became rivals soon after the war ended. Their political rivalry turned into a

competition for global power that became known as the Cold War.

Reading Focus What were the causes of the Cold War? How did the United States use its containment policy to

respond to the Berlin blockade, the Cuban missile crisis, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War?

What events marked the end of the Cold War?



The Cold War and early U.S. response:The Cold War and early U.S. response:

After World War II, Russia established After World War II, Russia established communist communist satellite nationssatellite nations throughout throughout Eastern Europe and tried to increase power to Eastern Europe and tried to increase power to eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia.eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia.

The United States sees Soviet expansion as The United States sees Soviet expansion as threat to national security and world peace.threat to national security and world peace.




The Cold War and early U.S. response: The Cold War and early U.S. response: (continued)(continued)

The United States and the Soviet Union use The United States and the Soviet Union use propaganda, spying, alliances, foreign aid, and propaganda, spying, alliances, foreign aid, and other methods against each other.other methods against each other.

March 1947March 1947——The Truman Doctrine begins The Truman Doctrine begins policy of policy of containmentcontainment: financial aid to keep : financial aid to keep communism from spreading.communism from spreading.




U.S. response to the Berlin blockade U.S. response to the Berlin blockade and the Cuban missile crisis:and the Cuban missile crisis: The Berlin blockadeThe Berlin blockade——the United States and Great the United States and Great

Britain airlift food, clothing, and essential items to the Britain airlift food, clothing, and essential items to the people of western Berlinpeople of western Berlin

Cuban missile crisisCuban missile crisis——the U.S. Navy and Air Force the U.S. Navy and Air Force search foreign ships bound for Cuba for weapons; army search foreign ships bound for Cuba for weapons; army troops are put on alerttroops are put on alert

Show of force in the Cuban missile crisis underscores the Show of force in the Cuban missile crisis underscores the dangers of the Cold War dangers of the Cold War




Marking the end of the Cold War:Marking the end of the Cold War:

19871987——Gorbechev’s reforms: Gorbechev’s reforms: glasnostglasnost and and perestroikaperestroika give Soviet people more freedom and give Soviet people more freedom and restructure the failing economy; restructure the failing economy; détentedétente lessens lessens tensions with the United Statestensions with the United States

19901990——Communist governments fall in six Communist governments fall in six Eastern European countries.Eastern European countries.

19901990——Prodemocracy candidates win local Prodemocracy candidates win local Soviet elections.Soviet elections.




Marking the end of the Cold War: Marking the end of the Cold War: (continued)(continued)

Soviet republics rally for independence.Soviet republics rally for independence. 19911991——Soviet Union ceases to exist; the Soviet Union ceases to exist; the

Commonwealth of Independent States forms.Commonwealth of Independent States forms. Cold War ends with the collapse of the Soviet Cold War ends with the collapse of the Soviet

Union and the fall of communism in Eastern Union and the fall of communism in Eastern Europe.Europe.




Question: How did the U.S. response to the Berlin blockade differ from the Cuban missile crisis?

SECTION 2

Berlin Blockade Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviet Union backs down and removes missiles from Cuba.

Soviet Union ends blockade.

United States demands immediate removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba.

United States threatens military response.

Navy and air force find and search all ships heading for Cuba.

U.S. Army is put on alert.

United States & Great Britain begin a massive airlift of fuel, food, clothing, and other vital items.

Plans from the United States and Great Britain make more than 250,000 flights.

Results Results



The Main IdeaA primary goal of U.S. foreign policy has been to promote peace,

trade, and friendship throughout the world. In the face of terrorism, war, and ongoing conflict in the Middle East, the

United States and other governments have had to take a more aggressive approach to foreign policy in recent years.

Reading Focus What global conflicts has the United States faced since the

end of the Cold War? What global political problems and trade issues has the

United States faced since the end of the Cold War? What impact has terrorism had on the United States and the

rest of the world since the September 11, 2001, attacks?




New global challenges:New global challenges:

As the only superpower, the United States tries to As the only superpower, the United States tries to resolve conflicts and promote stability.resolve conflicts and promote stability.

IraqIraq——Iraq invaded Kuwait leading to the Persian Iraq invaded Kuwait leading to the Persian Gulf War; Saddam Hussein remains in power and Gulf War; Saddam Hussein remains in power and failed to keep ceasefailed to keep cease--fire terms; relations with the fire terms; relations with the United States remain poorUnited States remain poor

India and PakistanIndia and Pakistan——nuclear powers clash over nuclear powers clash over KashmirKashmir




New global challenges: New global challenges: (continued)(continued)

ChinaChina——continuing disagreements with the continuing disagreements with the United States on human rights and trade issues United States on human rights and trade issues

AfricaAfrica——the spread of AIDS is a major concernthe spread of AIDS is a major concern Latin America and CanadaLatin America and Canada——North American North American

Free Trade Agreement shaping relations; War on Free Trade Agreement shaping relations; War on Drugs Drugs




September 11, 2001September 11, 2001

Terrorists hijack four airliners, destroy the World Terrorists hijack four airliners, destroy the World Trade Center, and damage the Pentagon.Trade Center, and damage the Pentagon.

Thousands of people are killed in the attack.Thousands of people are killed in the attack. Osama Bin Laden, leader of the al Qaeda Osama Bin Laden, leader of the al Qaeda

network, surfaces as the prime suspect.network, surfaces as the prime suspect. The Taliban regime in Afghanistan is singled out The Taliban regime in Afghanistan is singled out

as key sponsor of terrorism.as key sponsor of terrorism.




U.S. response to terrorist attacks:U.S. response to terrorist attacks: President George W. Bush declares a war on terror.President George W. Bush declares a war on terror. President Bush appoints Governor Tom Ridge as head of the President Bush appoints Governor Tom Ridge as head of the

Office of Homeland Security.Office of Homeland Security. Colin Powell leads efforts to build an international coalition Colin Powell leads efforts to build an international coalition

against terrorism.against terrorism. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization invokes its Article 5 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization invokes its Article 5

for the first time.for the first time. October 7, 2001October 7, 2001——The United States and Great Britain begin The United States and Great Britain begin

airstrikes in Afghanistan; ground troops follow.airstrikes in Afghanistan; ground troops follow. Fighting terrorism has become central to U.S. foreign policy.Fighting terrorism has become central to U.S. foreign policy.




Question: What new challenges has the United States faced since the end of the Cold War?

SECTION 3

United States

free tradeAIDS in Africa

nuclear arm

s in

India and

Pakistanconflicts between Israel and Palestinians

war on

drugs

terrorism

Some New Global Challenges



Chapter 24 Wrap-Up1. Why did many U.S. officials favor isolationism, and

why was this policy difficult to follow?2. What caused the United States to lose neutrality in

the world wars?3. Why did the United States pursue a policy of

containment?4. What was the U.S. response to the Berlin blockade

and the Cuban missile crisis?5. What new foreign-policy challenges have emerged

since the Cold War ended?6. What actions did the U.S. government take after the

terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001?

1. Why did many U.S. officials favor isolationism, and why was this policy difficult to follow?

2. What caused the United States to lose neutrality in the world wars?

3. Why did the United States pursue a policy of containment?

4. What was the U.S. response to the Berlin blockade and the Cuban missile crisis?

5. What new foreign-policy challenges have emerged since the Cold War ended?

6. What actions did the U.S. government take after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001?

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