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Transcript of HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 2 Foundations of Government Section 1:...
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11
CIVICSCIVICS IN PRACTICEIN PRACTICEHOLTHOLT
Chapter 2Chapter 2
Foundations of GovernmentFoundations of Government
Section 1:Section 1: Why Americans Have Governments
Section 2:Section 2: The First Government
Section 3:Section 3: A New Constitution
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Section 1:Section 1: Why Americans Have GovernmentsWhy Americans Have Governments
The Main IdeaGovernment plays an essential role in every country. A
country’s government affects the lives of its people. Often, it affects people around the world.
Reading Focus What are two main types of government? What are the purposes of government? How does the U.S. government guarantee freedom to
its citizens?
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Governments are influenced by:Governments are influenced by:
The people’s beliefs and the country’s historyThe people’s beliefs and the country’s history Dictators or absolute monarchs with Dictators or absolute monarchs with
authoritarian powerauthoritarian power Ceremonial monarchs with separate Ceremonial monarchs with separate
governing bodiesgoverning bodies The “rule of the people” in a democracyThe “rule of the people” in a democracy
Section 1:Section 1: Why Americans Have GovernmentsWhy Americans Have Governments
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Types of Governments Characteristics of Governments
Democracy People rule directly or indirectly
Monarchy Ruled by a king or queen
Dictatorship
A person or small group has absolute power and does not answer to the people.
Absolute Monarchs have total control.
DirectRepresentative
All voters make decisions together.People elect representatives.
Section 1:Section 1: Why Americans Have GovernmentsWhy Americans Have Governments
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DemocraciesDemocracies
There is no absolute ruler or absolute ruling There is no absolute ruler or absolute ruling bodybody
The people rule directly (direct democracy) or The people rule directly (direct democracy) or through elected officials (representative through elected officials (representative democracy or democracy or republicrepublic).).
Section 1:Section 1: Why Americans Have GovernmentsWhy Americans Have Governments
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F
T
T
dictatorrepresentative democracy
monarchdemocracy
direct democracy
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Roles of GovernmentRoles of Government
Provides a means for cooperation and unity among Provides a means for cooperation and unity among peoplepeople
Enables groups of people to achieve large goalsEnables groups of people to achieve large goals Provides protection, security, transportation, Provides protection, security, transportation,
monetary assistance, education, and health related monetary assistance, education, and health related servicesservices
Provides Provides lawslaws and a Constitution and a Constitution
Section 1:Section 1: Why Americans Have GovernmentsWhy Americans Have Governments
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It helps people cooperate.
makes life safer and easier
provides services
Services might not be accomplished individually
provides rules through laws
guides and protects citizens
It puts our ideals into practice.
safeguards citizens’ liberty
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F
F
T
T
T
T
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dictatorrepresentative democracy
monarchdemocracy
direct democracy
lawsrepublic
constitution
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The Main IdeaThe American ideals that people should rule themselves and that
government should protect human rights are clearly set forth in the Declaration of Independence.
Reading Focus Why is the Declaration of Independence so important? What were the Articles of Confederation, and what were their
weaknesses? What was the effect of a weak national government on the
United States?
Section 2:Section 2: The First U.S. GovernmentThe First U.S. Government
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The Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence
Upholds the philosophy on which the United Upholds the philosophy on which the United States is basedStates is based
Is a statement of the American idealsIs a statement of the American ideals Declares that the purpose of government is to Declares that the purpose of government is to
protect human rightsprotect human rights Stresses equality among individualsStresses equality among individuals
Section 2:Section 2: The First U.S. GovernmentThe First U.S. Government
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Limitations of the Articles of the Confederation:Limitations of the Articles of the Confederation:
Congress had difficulty passing important measures.Congress had difficulty passing important measures. There was no executive branch to ensure that new laws would be There was no executive branch to ensure that new laws would be
carried out.carried out. There were no national courts to interpret the laws and uphold them.There were no national courts to interpret the laws and uphold them. A unanimous vote was required to make changes to the Articles of A unanimous vote was required to make changes to the Articles of
the Confederation.the Confederation. There was no money to pay for expenses or services.There was no money to pay for expenses or services. Each state regulated its own trade and had its own currency.Each state regulated its own trade and had its own currency. Conflicts between the states and Congress developed.Conflicts between the states and Congress developed.
Section 2:Section 2: The First U.S. GovernmentThe First U.S. Government
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Section 2:Section 2: The First U.S. GovernmentThe First U.S. Government
WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
difficult to change Articles because unanimous vote was
needed
no means to regulate
trade with foreign
countries
no execu-tive branch to enforce
laws
difficult to pass laws because
9 out of 13 states’ approval
was needed
no judicial branch to interpret
laws
lacked power to collect taxes
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Effects of a weak national government:Effects of a weak national government:
Had no power to operate effectively or settle Had no power to operate effectively or settle disputesdisputes
The country lacked a national identity.The country lacked a national identity. The states quarreled over boundary lines and The states quarreled over boundary lines and
trade.trade. The country looked weak to other nations.The country looked weak to other nations.
Section 2:Section 2: The First U.S. GovernmentThe First U.S. Government
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The Main IdeaThe framers of the U.S. Constitution drew upon a history of
democratic ideals while developing a document that would establish a new, stronger federal government.
Reading Focus What historical principles of government influenced the
delegates to the Constitutional Convention? How did the U.S. government become stronger under the
Constitution? How did the viewpoints of Federalists and Antifederalists
differ, and how were these differences resolved?
Section 3:Section 3: A New ConstitutionA New Constitution
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Principles of Great Britain’s government Principles of Great Britain’s government that influenced the delegates:that influenced the delegates:
Magna CartaMagna Carta——free people cannot be arrested without a free people cannot be arrested without a trial by jury of their peers; Parliament’s rights are trial by jury of their peers; Parliament’s rights are protected; English citizens only judged by English lawsprotected; English citizens only judged by English laws
English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights——right to petition a change of right to petition a change of laws; right to a fair punishmentlaws; right to a fair punishment
Parliamentary governmentParliamentary government——a a bicameralbicameral body; a prime body; a prime minister administers the government and can be replaced minister administers the government and can be replaced by a majority voteby a majority vote
Section 3:Section 3: A New ConstitutionA New Constitution
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The U.S. government became The U.S. government became stronger under the Constitution.stronger under the Constitution. A federal system was established.A federal system was established. Powers included the coining and printing of Powers included the coining and printing of
money, raising armed forces, trade money, raising armed forces, trade regulations, and levying taxes.regulations, and levying taxes.
Provisions for an executive and a judicial Provisions for an executive and a judicial branch were established.branch were established.
Section 3:Section 3: A New ConstitutionA New Constitution
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Section 3:Section 3: A New ConstitutionA New Constitution
A STRONGER U.S. GOVERNMENT
Powers Dealing with LawsPowers of the National GovernmentPrint moneyRaise armed forcesRegulate tradeSet taxes
Provide a president to carry out the country’s laws
Establish the Supreme Court and other national courts to interpret laws
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Differences among Federalists and Differences among Federalists and Antifederalists:Antifederalists: FederalistsFederalists——strong national government would strong national government would
keep the country unitedkeep the country united AntifederalistsAntifederalists——strong national government strong national government
would not protect the people’s freedoms and would not protect the people’s freedoms and would take power from the stateswould take power from the states
A bill of rights was proposed to outline the rights A bill of rights was proposed to outline the rights of the people under the Constitution.of the people under the Constitution.
Section 3:Section 3: A New ConstitutionA New Constitution
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1. What are two of the major factors that shape a country’s government?
2. How are a democracy and other types of governments different?
3. What were the key purposes of the Declaration of Independence?
4. What were some of the problems the country faced after independence was declared?
5. In what ways did the colonists’ English political heritage influence American ideas about government and individual rights?
6. What was the outcome of the Constitutional Convention?7. What were the arguments of the Federalists and
Antifederalists?
1. What are two of the major factors that shape a country’s government?
2. How are a democracy and other types of governments different?
3. What were the key purposes of the Declaration of Independence?
4. What were some of the problems the country faced after independence was declared?
5. In what ways did the colonists’ English political heritage influence American ideas about government and individual rights?
6. What was the outcome of the Constitutional Convention?7. What were the arguments of the Federalists and
Antifederalists?
Chapter 2 Wrap-Up