HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 16 Citizenship and the Law Section...

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

CIVICSCIVICS IN PRACTICEIN PRACTICEHOLTHOLT

Chapter 16Chapter 16

Citizenship and the LawCitizenship and the Law

Section 1:Section 1: Crime in the United StatesCrime in the United States

Section 2:Section 2: The Criminal Justice SystemThe Criminal Justice System

Section 3:Section 3: Juvenile CrimeJuvenile Crime



The Main IdeaWhen a person breaks a law, it is called a crime.

There are several types of crimes and a variety of reasons why people commit crimes.

Reading Focus What are five different types of crime? What are four possible causes of crime? How do we fight crime in the United States??




Crimes against persons:Crimes against persons:

Violent crimesViolent crimes——homicide, hate crimes, homicide, hate crimes, aggravated assault, or forcible rapeaggravated assault, or forcible rape




Crime against property:Crime against property:

The majority of crimesThe majority of crimes Involves stealing or destroying propertyInvolves stealing or destroying property——

petty larceny, grand larceny, vandalism, or petty larceny, grand larceny, vandalism, or arsonarson

RobberyRobbery involves property and persons. involves property and persons.




Different types of crime:Different types of crime: Homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, larceny, Homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, larceny,

vandalism, arson, robberyvandalism, arson, robbery Hate crimesHate crimes——violent crimes committed because of prejudiceviolent crimes committed because of prejudice VictimlessVictimless——gambling and sale, possession, and use of illegal gambling and sale, possession, and use of illegal

drugsdrugs White collarWhite collar——committed by people in their work; stealing, committed by people in their work; stealing,

embezzlement, and fraudembezzlement, and fraud OrganizedOrganized——a crime syndicate of career criminals; provides a crime syndicate of career criminals; provides

illegal goods and services; uses violence as a toolillegal goods and services; uses violence as a tool




Hate Crimes [02:49] Hate Crimes [02:49]



Causes of crime:Causes of crime:

PovertyPoverty Illegal drug useIllegal drug use Permissive societyPermissive society UrbanizationUrbanization




Fighting crime:Fighting crime:

19941994——National crime bill includes tougher National crime bill includes tougher sentences and grants for police officers and sentences and grants for police officers and new jails.new jails.

Crime prevention education is taught in some Crime prevention education is taught in some schools.schools.




Question: What are the different types of crime?

SECTION 1

Types of Crime

organized crimes

victimless crimes

white-collar crimes



The Main IdeaPolice officers arrest people believed to be breaking the

law. An accused person must be tried and, if found guilty, punished.

Reading Focus What is the role of police officers in the criminal

justice system? What is the function of the courts after a suspect has

been arrested? How does our corrections system punish

lawbreakers?




Police OfficersPolice Officers

Protect life and property, prevent crime, and Protect life and property, prevent crime, and arrest violatorsarrest violators

Protect individual rights, maintain peace, and Protect individual rights, maintain peace, and control trafficcontrol traffic

Act as peacemakers, advisers, protectors, and Act as peacemakers, advisers, protectors, and community memberscommunity members




Police Officers Police Officers (continued)(continued)

Education, background check, aptitude tests, Education, background check, aptitude tests, physical and psychological exams are required.physical and psychological exams are required.

Academies teach law, community relations, Academies teach law, community relations, gathering evidence, arrest procedures, records gathering evidence, arrest procedures, records keeping, first aid, weapon use, and other physical keeping, first aid, weapon use, and other physical skills.skills.




After a suspect is arrested:After a suspect is arrested: Suspect is entitled to due process before questioning.Suspect is entitled to due process before questioning. Preliminary hearingPreliminary hearing——evidence evaluated and charges evidence evaluated and charges

dropped or trial is set; bail setdropped or trial is set; bail set IndictmentIndictment——a formal charge is madea formal charge is made ArraignmentArraignment——suspect makes a plea before a judgesuspect makes a plea before a judge TrialTrial——defendant is presumed innocent; a judge presides and defendant is presumed innocent; a judge presides and

a jury deliberates the case presented by the prosecution and a jury deliberates the case presented by the prosecution and the defensethe defense

SentencingSentencing——judge decides the punishment; some states have judge decides the punishment; some states have mandatory sentences for certain crimesmandatory sentences for certain crimes




Consequences [01:14] Consequences [01:14]



Punishing lawbreakers:Punishing lawbreakers: FinesFines Imprisonment (People hold different views of its Imprisonment (People hold different views of its

purpose: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or purpose: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or social protection.)social protection.)

Parole (Early release based on good behavior; Parole (Early release based on good behavior; overcrowding has forced paroles.)overcrowding has forced paroles.)

Capital punishment (Opponents believe it violates Capital punishment (Opponents believe it violates the Eighth Amendment; it remains controversial.)the Eighth Amendment; it remains controversial.)




Question:What happens after a suspect is arrested?

SECTION 2

IndictmentTrial Arraignment

Suspect is booked

Preliminary hearing

Suspect is

arrestedarrested

Sentenced

Sentenced



Teens and Consequences [01:44] Teens and Consequences [01:44]




The Main IdeaMost states prefer to handle juvenile, or young, criminals differently than adult criminals, but for

some crimes this practice is changing.

Reading Focus What is juvenile crime? What are some possible causes of juvenile crime? How does the judicial system handle juveniles who

break the law? What are some ways to avoid trouble with the law?

Juvenile Court [02:22]



Possible causes of juvenile crime:Possible causes of juvenile crime:

Poor home conditionsPoor home conditions Poor neighborhood conditionsPoor neighborhood conditions Gang membershipGang membership Dropping out of school and unemploymentDropping out of school and unemployment Alcohol and drugsAlcohol and drugs Peer pressurePeer pressure




Juvenile Rights [03:20] Juvenile Rights [03:20]



The judicial system has changed the The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles:way it handles juveniles: Prior to late 1800sPrior to late 1800s——Juveniles at least seven Juveniles at least seven

years old were tried in adult courts and sentenced years old were tried in adult courts and sentenced to prison or death.to prison or death.

1870s1870s——Reformers argued juveniles required Reformers argued juveniles required special understanding.special understanding.

Juvenile court system was set up to reJuvenile court system was set up to re--educate educate offenders.offenders.




The judicial system has changed the The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: way it handles juveniles: (continued)(continued)

Hearings determine guilt or innocence of juvenile Hearings determine guilt or innocence of juvenile offenders.offenders.

19671967——Supreme Court granted juveniles the right Supreme Court granted juveniles the right of due process.of due process.

Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial.Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial.




Juvenile Detention Center [01:06]Juvenile Detention Center [01:06]



Juveniles charged and found guiltyJuveniles charged and found guilty may be placed in a foster home.may be placed in a foster home. may be sent to a corrections facility may be sent to a corrections facility

like a training school.like a training school. may be given probation.may be given probation. may be sent to a boot camp.may be sent to a boot camp.


Juveniles charged with felonies are often tried Juveniles charged with felonies are often tried in adult courts and punished accordingly.in adult courts and punished accordingly.



Question:What happens when juveniles are charged and found guilty of breaking the law?

Juvenile Punishment

Options

juvenile correctional facility

probation

boot campplacement in a training school

SECTION 3



Chapter 16 Wrap-Up

1. Identify and describe specific examples of five categories of crime.

2. What are some causes of crime?3. What steps does a criminal suspect go through from

the time of arrest to the time of sentencing?4. What are the punishments that a convicted criminal

faces?5. What are the possible causes of juvenile

delinquency?6. What may a judge do if he or she finds a juvenile

guilty of a crime?

1. Identify and describe specific examples of five categories of crime.

2. What are some causes of crime?3. What steps does a criminal suspect go through from

the time of arrest to the time of sentencing?4. What are the punishments that a convicted criminal

faces?5. What are the possible causes of juvenile

delinquency?6. What may a judge do if he or she finds a juvenile

guilty of a crime?

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 16 Citizenship and the Law Section...

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