www.aveillant.com

Holographic Radar for the detection of drone incursions at airportsTIM QUILTER

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Outline

▌ The non-cooperative threat

▌Generic airport scenarios

▌ Threat mitigation

▌ Typical non-cooperative system components

▌ The challenge of detecting drones with radar

▌How Holographic Radar detects and classifies drones

▌ Towards airspace integration

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The non-cooperative drone threat

▌ Infringement

Ignorant infringer

- E.g. amateur unaware they are

infringing

Careless infringer

- E.g. knowingly breaching rules for

personal gain

Malicious infringer

▌ Failure in cooperative system

Loss of cooperative data link

Loss of control

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Generic airport scenario 1 – perimeter surveillance

▌ Risk

Unauthorised drones breaching the airport perimeter.

▌ Stakeholders – airport operator

Security team

Safeguarding team

▌ Challenges

Visibility over whole airport in highly built environment

High amounts of legitimate movement

▌ Solution

Multi-segment surveillance

Runway

Runway

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Generic airport scenario 2 – approach protection

▌ Risk

Drone interfering with aircraft in flight

▌ Stakeholder

ANSP

▌ Challenges

Detection range

Classification of unknown target

▌ Solution

Two segment surveillance

Runway

Runway

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Threat mitigation - Supporting enforcement

▌ Managing the potential risk

Location

Infringement nature

Apparent intent

▌ Managing the response

Situational awareness for security/law enforcement

Confirms the infringement has ended

▌ Post threat action

Evidence for prosecution

▌ Drone attack systems not suited to

airports

Authorisation

Risk to aircraft

Ground risk

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Typical system components

▌Command & Control (C2)

Integrates multiple sensors

User interface

▌Radar sensor

Long range

All weather

▌RF direction finders (option)

Detects controller if being used

▌Electro-optics (option)

Positively identifies drone

C2 Radar

RF EO

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The detection challenge

▌ Drone characteristics

Small – 0.05 to 0.001 m²

Flying at low altitude

Low speed & erratic flightpath

▌ Targets similar to birds or large

insects

Huge challenge to detect, track & classify

Air Traffic Management

Military Operations

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The radar challenge

Low

• Strong ground reflection

Slow• Difficult to distinguish

from clutter

Small

• Tiny reflection

• Other small objects

Detection

•3D

•High sensitivity

Clutter rejection

•3D

•High Doppler resolution

Target classification

•Data rich signals

•High update rate

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Overcoming the conventional radar limits

▌ Mechanical scan

▌ Electronic scan

▌ Omni-directional stare

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Holographic Radar - a 3D staring solution

▌ 3D

Airborne targets separated from ground targets

▌ Staring (continuous observation)

Behaviour can be tracked over time

Target and clutter features can be extracted

- Clutter suppressed- Targets of interest identified

High update rate

- Track maintenance during erratic flight V

HRange

TimePulse frames

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Holographic Radar family - modular solution

▌ Modular

Common hardware modules

Common software

▌ Theia – aircraft detection

ATM applications

▌ Gamekeeper – drone detection

Counter UAS

UAS traffic management

Transmit

Antenna

Power Amplifier

Timing &

Waveform Generator

Channel Data

Processor & GPU

Target

Processor

Network

Receive

Antenna

Theia 384A

x 12

x 32

Gamekeeper 16U

Shared with Channel

and Data Processor

UAS PSR 60NM

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Gamekeeper 16U Holographic Radar

▌ Detect, track and classify all

drones

▌ Technology

L band – 1.25 GHz

Peak power 2 kW

90 degree sector coverage

▌ Performance

Range 7.5km

0.01m2 target at 5km/3000ft

0.25s update (4 times per second)

ASTERIX data output

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A high sensitivity solution means everything is tracked

Without intelligence:

100s of reported tracks in 1 hour period.

Just 5 actual drone tracks

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Extracting target and clutter features allows classification

With intelligence:

Machine learned classification algorithm

When layered

with other sensors

it enables an

automated low

false alarm system

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SESAR SAFIR example

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Integrating drones into the airspace

RR

R

R: Restricted Area

Main AssetProtection

R

Special EventProtection

R

PermanentAir Surveillance

Drone integration into

controlled airspaceAir Traffic

Management

Drone delivery

Runway & aircraft inspection

Counter UAVUAS Traffic

Management

Airport Protection

Military Operations

10 drones for 1 aircraft foresee