Hitler Consolidates Power 11/21 & 11/22 1.Is ideology essential for political success? 2.Does a firm...
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Transcript of Hitler Consolidates Power 11/21 & 11/22 1.Is ideology essential for political success? 2.Does a firm...
Hitler Consolidates Power 11/21 & 11/22
1. Is ideology essential for political success?
2. Does a firm ideology always breed intolerance?
3. What is the main quality that defines an ideology? Is it revolutionary? Is it inspirational?
4. What ethical issues arise from Hitler’s racist theories? Are we likely to judge such ethnical consideration differently today from those living at the time?
Consolidation of Power-Warm UpIcebreaker:
1. Review: How did Hitler obtain power?
2. Review: How did Mussolini obtain power?
3. Review: How did Stalin consolidate power?
Consolidation of Power-Warm UpIcebreaker:
Review: How did Hitler obtain power?Believed that he been called by God to be dictator of Germany. Treaty of Versailles which forced Germany to sign, public angry over treaty because it was sign of humiliation & defeat. Weak Weimar Republic & Great Depression. Public looked for someone to blame. Hitler & Nazi party promised return to glory.
Review: How did Mussolini obtain power?
Italy was badly hit from WWI and gov’t in place lost popularity
Review: How did Stalin consolidate power?
Urged purges & violence to make people fear him. Also used propaganda & secret police
How did Hitler Consolidate Power?
Between March and July 1933—all political parties banned
KDP already banned
Many socialists imprisoned
Even supporting parties disbandedCatholic Central Party
Concordat w/ Vatican
Church recognized Hitler; Nazis left Church alone
Law Against the Establishment of Parties (July 14, 1933)
Länder
Reference to state government
Took over throughForced resignation
Seized buildings, docs, and supplies
Loyal Nazi commissioners were appointed
Law for the Restoration and Professional Civil Service (April 1933)
Trade Unions bannedreplaced w/German Labor Front
Single-Party State Made Legal
Law to Ensure the Unity of Party and State (Dec. 1933)
Structrualist Historians argue that Hitler set up parallel institutions to maintain power
Others argue Hitler did this because of disinterest and neglect
Gleichschaltung – making the same, bringing into line
Nazi party control over every aspect of life Starts with politicsSlowly took over every aspect of German life.
Period between 1933 – 1937
Systematic elimination of non-Nazi organizations (trade unions & political parties
Churches & education came under direct control
Hitler’s Storm Troopers
SA – Sturmabteilung – Brown Shirts – Original Parliamentary wing of the Nazi Party –
Used to maintain control @ speeches, parties & intimidating Jewish citizens
Led to problems w/ the military.
Rumors of a military coup; SA became disposable
PropagandaPropaganda was skillfully used by the NSDAP in the years leading up to and during Adolf Hitler's leadership of Germany (1933–1945). National Socialist propaganda provided a crucial instrument for acquiring and maintaining power, and for the implementation of their policies, including the pursuit of total war and the extermination of millions of people in the Holocaust.
Anti – Bolshevik Poster
Propaganda
Hitler believed masses could be won over easily
Censorship (Party controlled 2/3 of private newspapers)
Radio
Slogan (“Heil Hitler”)
Movies
Decorations on buildings
RepressionEven before Hitler became the official leader, his chancellorship had led to the death of 30,000 communist (arrest of 300,000)
SS: The Security ServiceRan concentration camps
Gestapo: State Secret Police force
Class DiscussionDo you consider propaganda or repression more important in the consolidation of power in a totalitarian state, such as Hitler’s?
Consolidation Complete in 1938
1934-Night of the Long Knives – Political purge between June 30th & July 2nd 1934 where Nazi regime carried out a series of political murders
Slowly began to transition the military into a Nazi force1935: Restoration of conscription—peacetime army of 500,000
Military didn’t like the SS suppose to be a domestic police force
Technically part of the “war time army”
Some didn’t like the expansionist policies (Lebensraum) of the pace of rearmament
War minister von Blomberg and Commander in Chief von Fritsch
both were dismissed
Hitler became war minister.
Exit Card
1) What were 3 FACTORS that contributed to Hitler rising to power?
2) What were 2 SPECIFIC things Hitler did to maintain control?