HISTORY OF CHICAGO

GEOGRAPHY CITIES

• How does geography play in the development of cities?• Example: New York City

GEOGRAPHY OF CITIES

• Cincinnati

GEOGRAPHY OF A CITIES

• San Francisco

GEOGRAPHY OF CITIES

• St. Louis

GEOGRAPHY OF CITIES

• Chicago

GEOGRAPHY OF CHICAGO

• Located on Lake Michigan • Access to all the Great Lakes though the St. Lawrence

River • Access to the Mississippi River that leads to the Gulf of

Mexico

GEOGRAPHY OF CHICAGO

• How did the area get its land formations?• As a result of ice age that formed here millions of years

before. • The ice will move back and forth which will cause

moraines. • Moraines are rings of debris that will pop up around the

area that will become Chicago. • When the ice melts the water will go into large basin that

the glaciers created. • Also water will find in way to the Mississippi

FIRST EXPLORERS

• Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet were the first explores of the region when they came in 1673. • They explored the area for France. • They realized the potential of the area. • After the exploration of Marquette and Jolliet the area

would not boom over night. For the most part the area was used by fur traders.

FIRST SETTLERS

• One of the first settlers was Jean Baptiste point Du Sable who was believed to be from Haiti. • Came around 1782 and established a farm.

TRADING OF HANDS

• France were the first to explore the region. • They would lose the area to England after the

French and Indian War in 1763.• England would lose the region not much later

when they lost the American Revolution.

NATIVE AMERICAN

• Before the Europeans came to the region there were six Native American tribes .• The Miami, Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Fox, Mascouten, and

Illinois. • For a while Native American and Europeans would get

along because only so few came to the area, but when they started taking land conflict arose between the two groups.

NATIVE AMERICANS

• Would lose land in the Treaty of Greenville.• Which gave six square miles to the American at the

mouth of the Chicago River. • More fighting would continue an by 1832 the Native

Americans lead by Black Hawk lead a revolt against the Americans.

• They were defeated and it was the last uprising Chicago would see of Native American.

• The Native Americans sighed all their land over to the United States for money and agreed to go West.

FORT DEARBORN

•Fort Dearborn was built on 1803, to protect Americans in the area. •There was still conflict with the British and in 1812 war broke out.•Fort Dearborn was abandoned during the war, but during the evacuation of it the Native Americans attacked the settlers. •Fort Dearborn was rebuilt in 1816 after the conclusion of the war. •Fort Dearborn would not be needed later on and would be completely torn down in 1857.

GROWING CITY

• When the Native Americans were removed Chicago began to grow? Why?• Chicago became a town in 1833 and a city four

years later. • William B. Ogden became the first mayor of

Chicago. • What was needed to make the city grow from a

small town to booming city by the end of the century.?

GROWING CITY

• The Illinois & Michigan Canal will open up a trade route in the mid-west. • Construction started in July of 1836, but the canal

was not finished for twelve years because there had been some money issues.

PEOPLE

• From being a small out put in 1812 the city had grown to a population of 30,000 by 1850. • Where were all the people moving in from?• Ireland, China, Russia, Italy, Swedish, Poland, Japan,

Serbia• Great Britain• Germany• SwedenWhat did the people do?• Worked in ports and warehouses• Meatpacking slaughterhouses• Iron and Steel

Year Chicago Population

1833 150-200

1840 4470

1850 29,963

1860 112,172

1870 298,977

GROWING CITY

• With the rapid growth of the city in the 1850’s buildings had to be constructed really fast and most of the building were constructed out of timber. • There was a problem of public sanitation at the

time because there was no plumbing so all the waste went onto the streets.

RAILROAD

• The Railroad is going to come to Chicago in the 1850’s which will cause the city to grow even faster. • The railroads are also going to create jobs and

new industries that will in turn bring in more jobs.

CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

• Chicago location during the Civil War worked to its advantage being that it was so far north. • Also thanks to the railroads system that had been

established in Chicago it made Chicago a great place to transport item from, because it was safe• Also as a result of the war Chicago took over

Cincinnati as being the place for meat- packing and lead to the opening of the stock yards in 1865

GREAT FIRE

• People in Chicago were not worried about a fire because they had great fire department that in 1870 had put out 700 fires and happened on a regular bases• That changed on October 8, 1871 in the O’Leary

barn or is one of the stories. • There are many causes that lead to the “Great

Five of Chicago”• Including the firefighters were exhausted from several

other fire they put out• Mistakes in location of the fire and that it was a new fire

GREAT FIRE

• The toll of the Fire• 300 presumed dead• 17,500 buildings destroyed• $200-400 million in property damage

AFTER THE FIRE

• Chicago took right back off in building. • In some ways Chicago was able to recreate its

self• After the fire the city passed an ordnance

banning the construction of wood frames in most of Chicago• A new style of architecture came from the fire

because most of the city had been lost there was plenty of building that needed completed.