History Knowledge Organiser: Anglo Saxons › ...against the Vikings. Invasion and Settlement...
Transcript of History Knowledge Organiser: Anglo Saxons › ...against the Vikings. Invasion and Settlement...
History Knowledge Organiser: Anglo–Saxons
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, c. 650-800AD
1. Kent: settled by the Jutes, whose best–known ruler was King Aethelbert.
2. Mercia: whose best-known ruler, Offa, built Offa's Dyke along the border between Wales and England.
3. Northumbria: where the monk Bede (c. 670-735) lived and wrote his Ecclesiastical History of Britain.
4. East Anglia: made up of Angles: the North Folk (living in modern Norfolk) and the South Folk (living in Suffolk). The Sutton Hoo ship burial was found in East Anglia.
5. Essex: (East Saxons). Here the famous Battle of Maldon was fought against the Vikings in 991.
6. Sussex: the South Saxons settled here.
7. Wessex (West Saxons), later the kingdom of King Alfred, the only English king ever to have been called ‘the Great', and his equally impressive grandson, Athelstan, the first who could truly call himself ‘King of the English'.
The Anglo-Saxon period in Britain was between 410-1066AD. It was a time of war, the breaking up of Roman Britain into separate kingdoms, of religious conversion and after the 790s continual battles
against the Vikings.
Invasion and Settlement
Anglo-Saxons in Britain went from invaders to settlers. Originally from Germany
and Scandinavia, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes were lots of warring tribes who settled in Britain from about 410AD.
With Picts and Scots attacking from the north, the Britons invited some Anglo-Saxons to help defend them. Eventually they took over.
Many Anglo-Saxons came peacefully to find land to farm. Their homelands in Scandinavia often flooded so it was tough to grow enough food there.
Whole families set sail across the sea to live in Britain. They brought tools, weapons and farm animals with them and built villages with new homes.
History Knowledge Organiser: Anglo–Saxons
settlement a community of people smaller than a town
community the people living in an area
thatched roof a house roof made with a plant material
trade buying and selling goods
self sufficient able to provide for your own needs without help
from others
craftsman a skilled worker who practices some trade or handi-
craft
pagan if you don't believe in religion or you worship more
than one god.
hill fort an area on a hilltop enclosed by a system of defen-
sive banks and ditches
converted to change to a new religion
superstitious having beliefs which are based on luck and magic
dispute an argument or disagreement
meted out to give or order a punishment
archaeologist someone who studies the buildings, graves, tools,
and other objects of people who lived in the past
burial site land used for burying dead people
410 AD the last Roman soldiers were ordered to leave Eng-land.
500 AD the invaders were resisted fiercely by the Romans, who might have been led by King Arthur.
650 AD: seven separate kingdoms formed
850 AD: the seven kingdoms had been consolidated into
three large Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, and Wessex. The Anglo-Saxons had become a Christian
people.
1066 AD: Battle of Hastings
Religion
In Roman Britain many people had been Christians. But
the early Anglo-Saxons were pagans. Like the Vikings and the Greeks, the Anglo-Saxons believed in many
gods and were superstitious. King Aethelbert of Kent
was the first Anglo-Saxon king to be converted to
Christianity by St Augustine in around 595 AD.
Rule of Law
The Anglo-Saxons didn't have prisons. People found guilty of crimes were either executed or punished with
fines.
The Saxons had a system called 'weregild', which meant
that if you injured someone, you had to pay for the damage.
DT Knowledge Organiser: Anglo Saxon Frameworks Year 5
Frame structures use triangles to provide rigidity.
Triangles are the strongest shape used in con-
struction.
When forces are applied to the simple four-sided structure it can be forced out of shape.
If an extra bar is added across the frame, the structure can no longer be forced out of shape, and is said
to be rigid.
The extra bar is called a member when you are working with structures.
Notice that the additional member has formed triangles in the structure.
The effect is known as triangulation.
The triangle is the most rigid frame structure.
Engineers have known for a long time that whenever they need a light, strong, rigid structure they cannot
do better than use a framework of triangles.
DT Knowledge Organiser: Anglo Saxon Frameworks Year 5
frame structure a frame (skeleton) which has been built from different
parts
join where 2 or more parts are fastened/connected together
reinforce to strengthen or support using additional material
stability when something is firmly fixed or won’t fall
dimensions a measurable length, depth or height
stiffen to make something stiff or rigid
triangulation using triangles to provide strength and support
annotated adding notes to give explanations or comments
purpose the reason why something is done/created
research investigating logically
user a person who uses or operates something
design brief a document which states requirements for a product
or task
function how something works
junior hacksaw a small saw which allows precise cutting
bench hook a device used to safely cut wood
Examples of triangulation
An annotated diagram
of a junior hacksaw
bench hook
How to
grip the
wood and
bench
hook junior
hacksaw
How to hold the junior hacksaw
Science Knowledge Organiser: Properties and changes of materials—Year 5
Every different material you can see around you has been chosen for its unique set of properties. Computer
screens are not made of wood because it does not have the correct properties needed. Materials also react in certain ways when combined
with other materials or processes. Sometimes this reaction can be reversed and sometimes it is permanent. It is this knowledge that
enables chemists to create new materials. Tablets and smart phones would not be possible if a chemist had not developed the touch
screen. Chemists also need to understand the impact of materials on our environment working, for example, on finding alternatives to
plastics and other non-sustainable materials.
Hardness
Magnetism
Solubility Conductivity
Transparency
A hard
material will
not scratch
easily. You
would have to test this
with material such as
glass or the hardest
material, diamond.
A conductive material
allows heat (thermal)
or electricity to travel
through it. Metals can
be good conductors.
Materials that
are not magnets
themselves may
or may not have
magnetic properties.
Only some metals are
magnetic and plastic is
not.
Transparency is a
property that describes
how much light can pass
If a material is soluble it means
it will dissolve in a solvent.
To dissolve means that the
solvent (water) breaks down the
solute (salt) into microscopic
(tiny) particles that mix with the
water particles. The result is
called a solution.
For example: Salt will dissolve in
water. Salt is the solute and
water is the solvent. The salty
water is the solution.
bath salt water blue water
solute solvent solution
+ =
Materials can be combined in a variety of
ways. They can be dissolved or just put
together—this is called a mixture. Once
materials have combined it is sometimes
possible to separate them again.
There are three main ways to separate
combined materials:
Sieving— this separates
liquids and solids or
solids of different sizes
Evaporation— this
can also separate
solids and liquids.
Filtering— this
separates
undissolved solids
and liquids
material scientific word used to describe all solids, liquids
and gases
hard how easily a material can be marked or cut
soluble a property of a material that can dissolve
magnetic a property of a material that will attract a magnet
conductor a material that allows heat (thermal) or electricity
to pass along it
transparency the measure of how much light can pass through
a material
dissolve a material that can be broken down into particles
that can then mix with the particles of the solvent
(liquid)
solution a liquid containing a dissolved material
solute the material that can dissolve
solvent the liquid into which the solute is dissolved
reversible a physical change that can easily be undone
irreversible a chemical change that produces a new material
filtering a method of separating materials
sieving a method of separating materials
evaporation when water turns to a gas
Science Knowledge Organiser: Properties and changes of materials—Year 5
Materials can be also be changed. There are two types of
changes:
These materials do not break
down but change how they look
and feel.
They make a temporary change
of state.
ice melts
water evaporates
peas freeze
melted
chocolate solidifies
In a chemical change, materials
breakdown completely and
change into something else.
This is a permanent change and
a new material is created.
wood burns to create
ash and smoke
fuel burns to create
energy and
exhaust gases
ingredients are cooked
metals corrode to
create rust
This means they can easily
be changed back to their
original state.
This means they cannot be
changed back to their original
state.
communicate to share or exchange information, news or ideas
cryptography writing or solving codes
secure safe and protected
encryption the process of converting information into a code to stop unwanted people from reading or accessing it
decryption the reverse of encryption where you translate a code to be able to access the original information.
cipher a secret way of writing
password a string of letters that allows access to a computer
system or service
Computing Knowledge Organiser: We are cryptographers, Year 5
We can communicate information securely through cryptography and
make connections with this in relation to password security and encryption.