History and Struct Functions of EU

7/25/2019 History and Struct Functions of EU

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The European Union

I. History & Evolution

II. Structures-Functions

III. Contemporary Challenges

IV. Discussion


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Evolution o the European

Union


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The !est Intentions

" #evitali$e Europe ater %orl %ar II

" Strength in Unity vs. %arsa' (act

" Fi) *ro+en economies

" (romote Dialogue" Integrate & Cooperate

" To this en,

Council o Europe /010

European Coal & Steel Community /02/ 3Treaty o

(aris4

!asis or Euro Community5


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Evolution, European Community 3EC4" Esta*lishe *y Treaty o #ome /026

!enelu) 7 Fr 8e Italy

" 9 (illars,/.European Coal an Steel Community 3ECSC4 3a+a

:Common ;ar+ettomic Energy Community 3E>EC orEuratom4. The only remaining structure.


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Evolution, European Communities

" ;ain Concerns o Euro Community

(eace

Trae & elimination o taris

Travel

?ational sovereignty

E)pansion

Transitions rom communism tocapitalism


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Evolution, EC @ EU

" Maastricht Treaty, 1993. Absorbed the EC." Authority in new areas: monetary policy, forein

affairs, national security, transportation, the

en!ironment, "ustice, and tourism

" Established a 3#pillars of authority: Trade and other economic matters $one currency %

creation of European Central &an'(. 1) members

use Euro. *o does +atican, Monaco and 3 others.

ustice % home affairs $policy o!ernin asylum,border crossin, immiration, % "udicial

cooperation on crime and terrorism(

Common forein and security policy $common

defense policy, "oint positions and actions(


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Evolution, ;em*ership History

" &ean w- : &enelu/ 0 rance, 2ermany, taly" 4enmar', 56, and reland "oined in early 19)7s" 2reece in 1981" ortual and *pain in 198

" Austria, inland, *weden in 199" 17 Countries "oined in ;77epublic, Estonia, ?unary, @at!ia, @ithuania,Malta, oland, *lo!enia, and *lo!a'ia

" &ularia and >omania in ;77" The combined population of all;) members is

17,777,777" rani=ation and di!ersity ma'es consensus

hard


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*tructures and unctions

of the European 5nion


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Main &odies

" European Commission $EC(BEEC

" Council of MinistersB@E2

" European arliamentB@E2

" Court of usticeB54

" Court of AuditorsBinancial E!aluator


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The European Commission $EC(

" E/ecuti!e&ody" nitiates all leislation and enforces decisions" Ensures proper implementation of laws" Administers E5 budet" >epresents E5 in trade neotiations

" *crutini=e the implementation of the treaties and leislation" Act solely in the interest of the E5 as a whole, as opposed to theCouncil which consists of leaders of member states who reflectnational interests. DThe only body paid to thin' EuropeanD

" mplements, monitors, and controls enforcement of E5 law andpolicy

" Can brin a Member *tate before the Court of ustice for failure toenforce E5 law

" &ased in &russels" ;) Commissioners. 1 is resident $&arroso until ;71


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Council of Ministers

" Meets in &russels

" @eislati!e &ranch

@eislati!e authority is di!ided between Council and E

Council and E reuired to !ote to pass law

&udetarypower $w-E(. 11 bil. euro-year

" Consists of one Minister from each Member *tate

" >esponsible for ma'in the ma"or policy decisionsof E5

" ower to adopt leislation proposed by Commission

" Each Member *tate acts as resident of Council for month rotation

" Meetins attended by different Ministers accordin

to aenda

" 4e!elop political cooperation


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The European arliament

" @eislati!e " )3 seats. roportionate >ep." 4irectly Elected. year terms." *econd larest democratic electorate in the world $ndia(" CanFt initiate le

CAG amendand re"ect leislation CAG reuestle CAG +etoCommission CAG censure EC w- ;-3 ma"ority H resination of the entire EC

" Eual leislati!e and budetary powers with Council

" Appoint Court of Auditors and the president and e/ecuti!e board of theEuropean Central &an'

" *it in political roups. or a roup to be reconi=ed, it needs ; MEsfrom ) different countries

" Consensual. eopleFs arty#*ocialist Coalition

" resident Martin *chul= of 2ermany. 37 month term bean in an ;71;.


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E $;(

*%4 $18( A@4E $8 $(

2reens I EA $(

E5@#G2@ $3(

E4 $37(

Gon#Affiliated $;)(

9-13 2ermany

)


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The European Council

" Comprises the heads of o!ernment of Member *tates and

resident of Commission assisted by orein Ministers of the

Member *tates and a member of Commission

" 4efines the E5Ks policy aendaBthe motor of E5 interation

" Go direct leislati!e power but Lsupreme political authorityL" Meets < times-year

" *orts out disputes between member states and the institutions

" resident of the European Council

nce#renewable term of 37 months

Primus inter pares

?erman +an >ompuy $&elium(. 4ec ;779#resent. ;nd term

The resident must report to the European arliament after

each European Council meetin

All b f C il


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The European Council

arty A;V

(eopleBs (arty /2 =1

Socialists 2 2

i*eral Democrat an #eorm (arty 1 9/

>lliance o Conservatives an#eormists

= 1/

(arty o the et / 1

Total ;) 3


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The Court of ustice

" Ensures that the European Treaties are interpreted andimplemented in accordance with E5 law

" 13 "udes appointed by areement with Member *tates" Assisted by ad!ocates eneral

" udements o!errule those of national courts" ower to fine a Member *tate" Gational courts ha!e power to

enforce decisions of Court of

ustice


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The Court of Auditors

" Monitors the 5nionFs financial acti!ities

" 1 member from each E5 member state

Appointed by Council yr terms

877 auditors

" Go "udicial functions" unction: e/ternally chec' E5 budet

" n @u/embour


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E5 @eal nstruments

" &indin:

>eulations # Apply directly in the Member *tates w-o

reuirin any further national leislation

4irecti!es# &indin in substance but up discretion of

Member *tates how to transpose them into nationalleislation % e/ecute them.

4ecisions# Addressed to a Member *tate, firm, or

indi!idual.

"Gon &indin:

>ecommendations

pinions

>esolutions


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op Nui=: Oho is the European PresidentDQ

a. Herman Van #ompuy - (resient o the

European Council since /=/0

*. Gos ;anuel !arroso - (resient o the

European Commission since //==1c. Irelan - (resiency o the Council o the

European Union ///9 6//9

>nyone


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op Nui=: Oho is the European

PresidentDQ

a. Van #ompuy is (resient o Council. ?oto EU. Jet

the press usually cites him as (resient.

*. !arroso is (resient o Commission. ?oto EU. Jet

the press oten cites him as (resient. Has more po'er

that Van #ompuy. 8ets e'er mentions as (resient.

c. Irelan. ?ot. Hehe

@ >ns'er, There is no EU (resient.

@Does this matter?o - (resients are not necessary

Jes - most Europeans thin+ there is a (resient


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EU (olicy Challenges =0-

=/0, > #eport to the (resient1. Economic ssues

4eepenin-e/tendin economic reforms

>educin unemployment and lare o!.

>e!isin financial reulation and super!ision

Completin the *inle Mar'et &alance multilateralism and bilateralism in trade policy

Common Aricultural olicy $CA(

Aein population and shrin'in wor'force

;. Climate chane

The future of transport


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=/0, > #eport to the (resient3. Cultural ssues

Oorld Oide Oeb#balancin security and pri!acy 0

intellectual property Audio!isual and cultural policies

Ci!il >ihts and ustice

Miration policy Crime

*afeuardin di!ersity and cultures


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=/0, > #eport to the (resient. ntermestic ssues

*tabili=ation and >eform in the &al'ans

Nuestion of Tur'ish membership

4eepenin the Eastern artnership without

alienatin >ussia

. orein olicy

romotin Middle East eace

*ei=in the Kbama momentK to deepenTransatlantic relations

*trenthenin EuropeKs rele!ance to Asia

4eepenin the E5#@atin American partnership


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ItKs the Economee Stoopi

Df E5 is to flourish far beyond its 7th birthday, it is itseconomy that most needs attentionD

-The Economist Pit at 7D


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ItKs the Economee Stoopi


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Euroscepticism

" France ollo'e *y the ?etherlansreLecte EU Constitution in =.

" ?e' mem*ers are more enthusiastic than

the ol ones" S+eptcism is strongest in UM though

Euro*arometer polls sho' issatisaction

in other EU mem*ers as 'ell" ?o urther e)pansion


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!roaening, Eastern Europe

(ossi*le ne' mem*ers, Croatia >l*ania

!osnia ;aceonia Ser*ia Mosovo an

;ontenegro

-%est, NEasterners may sin+ the *oat:


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!roaening, Tur+ey

(ro,

-US>

-e)tension into southern Caucasus

-sta*ili$e pipeline, oil an gas-compati*ility o Islam 'ith emocracy

Con,

-i. levels o evelopment-religious an ethnic eus

-Cyprus


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Discussion

" Structures & Functions

" To increase legitimacy Is it Lust (#

" !roaening vs. Deepening, Focus oneepening an *roaening or one o the

t'o

History and Struct Functions of EU

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