Histology Photo Atlas[1]
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Transcript of Histology Photo Atlas[1]
Justin McCormickBMD 415Fall 2010
Histology Photo Atlas
Table of Contents• Epithelial Tissue (3-5)• Connective Tissue (6-8)• Nervous Tissue (9-11)• Muscle Tissue (12-14)• Cardiovascular System (15-17)• Blood (18-20)• Immune System (21-23)• Digestive System (24-26)• Liver and Gallbladder (27-29)• Other Organs Associated with GI (30-32)• Respiratory System (33-35)• Renal System (36-38)• Endocrine (39-41)• Male Reproductive (42-44)• Female Reporductive (45-47)• Eye (48-50)• Ear (51-52)
2
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
3
Stratified squamous epithelium lining the esophagus
Nonkeratinized
10X
Underlying Connective Tissue
ToC
Pseudostratified Epithelium
4
Visible basement membrane
Goblet cells
20X
Lamina Propria
Cilia in lumen of trachea
ToC
Transitional Epithelium
5
Binucleate cells
Transitional Epithelium of Urinary Bladder
Dome cells signifying relaxed bladder
ToC
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
6
Nuclei of fibroblasts
Collagen fibers
Elastic fibers
ToC
Dense connective tissue contains thicker and more densely packed collagen fibers, with fewer cell types and less ground substance. Dense connective tissue is present in the dermis of the skin, in capsules of different organs, and in areas that need strong support.
Bone
7
Volkmann’s canal
Haversion canal
Lamellae
Lacunae
10X
Osteon
Proliferatingchondrocytes
Hypertrophiedchondrocytes
10X
New calcified matrix
ToC
Adipose Tissue
8
ToC
1.25X
Fat Droplet
Nuclei: Squashed by fat droplet
Scalp with hair follicles and adipose tissue.
10X
The cytoplasm of adipocytes is filled with a lipid droplet that is lost during preparation causing the cells to appear empty.
Cerebellum
9
ToC
1.25X
Molecular Layer- sparse neuronal cell bodies
Granular Layer- small densely packed neurons
Gra
nula
r Lay
er
Mol
ecul
ar L
ayerPurkinje Cell
Sensory Ganglion
10
ToC
1.25X
10X
Capsule
Satelite Cells
Central Round Nuclei
Heterogeneous Cell Size
20X
5X
Peripheral Nerve
11
ToC
Nerve Fasicles
1.25X
Perineurium
Myelinated Axons
Skeletal Muscle
12
Peripheral Nuclei: Characteristic of skeletal muscleA band: overlapping
thick and thin filaments
I band: Light band w/ only thin filaments
ToC
40X
Skeletal muscle fibers contain striations and peripheral nuclei
Cardiac Muscle
20X
20X13
Centrally located nuclei
IntercalatedDisks
Cardiac muscle branch point
ToC
Cardiac muscle contains striations, centrally located nuclei, branches, and intercalated disks
Smooth Muscle
14
1.25X
Smooth muscle in wall of jejunum
Mononucleated, Spindle-shaped cells
40X
ToC
Smooth muscle is nonstriated, spindle shaped cells with central nuclei. Smooth muscle is predominantly found in the linings of hollow organs and blood vessels
20X
Arteries
15
ToC
1.25X
Inner Elastic Lamina
Endothelium
Tunica Media
Outer Elastic Lamina
Adventitia
MediumArtery
20X
Veins
16
ToC
Endothelium
Sm. Muscle
Nuclei of Adipocyte
Lum
en
5X
SmallVein
Arteriole
17
ToC
40X
1.25X
Endothelium
Sm. Muscle
T. Adventitia
Arteriole
Granulocytes
18
Neutrophil:
• Neutral staining granules
• Multilobed nucleus
Eosinophil:
• Acidophilic granules
• Bilobed nucleus
Basophil:
• Basophilic granules
1.
2.
3.
ToC
Agranulocytes
19
Monocyte:
• Kidney Shaped Nucleus
• ~2-2.5X Diameter of Erythrocyte
Lymphocyte:
• Large Nucleus
• Thin ring of cytoplasm
1.
2.
Platelets
ToC
Peripheral Smear
20
Platelets Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte
ToC
Lymph Node
21
Corte
x
Med
ulla
Lymphoid Nodule
Medullary SinusMedullary Cords
ToC
Responsible for filtering the lymph that enters through many afferent lymph vessels and leaves through the efferent lymph vessel
Infant Thymus
22
MedullaCorte
x
Thymic Corpuscle
Trabeculae
CortexMedulla
ToC
Most active during childhood, and functions as the site of maturation of T cells
Spleen
23
Red Pulp
White PulpCentral arteriole
1.25X
Trabeculae
White Pulp
ToC
Duodenum
24
Submucosal Brunner’s Glands
Mucosa
SubmucosaMuscularis
.63X
10X
Dense CT:Irregular collagenfibers
Mucus SecretingBrunner’s Glands
10X Smooth Muscle: oriented in two directions
Nerve Plexus
ToC
5X
Ileum
25
ToC
.31X
Mucosa: Simple Columnar
Submucosa
Muscularis
Lymphoid Nodule
Germinal Center
5X
Lymphatic nodules called Peyer’s patches originate in the lamina propria and extend into the submucosa
Stomach
26
ToC
1.25X
Gastric Pits
Gastric Glands
Muscularis Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa5X
Liver
27
ToC
5X
Central Vein
Binucleate Hepatocytes
Hepatic Sinusoid
Endothelium
20X
20X
Portal Triad
28
ToC
Portal Vein
Hepatic Artery
Bile Duct
Portal Triad
5X
Limiting plate
Gallbladder
29
ToC
Simple ColumnarEpithelium
False Duct
Dense Irregular ConnectiveTissue
Gallbladder is responsible for storing, concentrating, and releasing bile into the digestive tract following meals
Blood Vessel in Lamina Propria
Tongue
30
Filliform Papillae
Lamina Propria
Fungiform Papillae
1.25X20X
Taste Bud
Taste Pore
Foliate Papillae
Lamina Propria
ToC
Salivary Glands
31
Purely Serous
Blood Capillary
Striated Duct
Parotid Gland 20XBasal Nuclei
Sublingual Gland 20X
Mucus Acinus
Serous Demilune
Submandibular Gland 20X
Serous Mostly
ToC
Pancreas
32
ToC
Exocrine Pancreas
Endocrine Pancreas
1.25X
Islet of Langerhan- composed of many cell types. Alpha cells secrete glucagon during periods of fasting, Beta cells secrete insulin after meals.
10X
Exocrine Pancreas secretes numerous digestive enzymes in response to CCK. Secretin stimulates the exocrine pancreas to release bicarbonate ions which functions to nuetralize the acidic pH of chyme entering the duodenum.
33
ToC
.31X
Seromucous Glands
Respiratory Epithelium
Lymphoid Nodule
Germinal Center
Larynx
False Vocal Cord
Stratified Squamous
Vocalis Muscle
5x
True Vocal Cord
5X
Trachea
34
ToC
Hyaline Cartilage
Trachealis Muscle
Basement Membrane
Pseudostratified Epithelium
Goblet Cell
20X
40X
Lung
35
ToC
Alveoli
Alveolar Duct
Respiratory Bronchiole
Clara Cells: take the place of goblet cells in the terminal bronchioles. Secrete surfactant to help lower surface tension
Alveolar Capillaries
Type I Pneumocyte: Form the simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli. Basement membrane is fused with the basement membranes of the alveolar capillaries forming the respiratory membrane.Type II Pneumocyte: Contain lamellar bodies which give rise to surfactant that provide an extracellular coating that lowers surface tension.
Type I Pneumocyte
Renal Cortex
36
ToC
Renal Cortex
.31X
Distaltubule
Glomerulus
Macula densa
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle
37
ToC
.31X
Medulla
20X
Thin Loop of Henle
Collecting tubules/ducts
• The Loop of Henle produce hypertonic urine by creating an osmotic gradient in the cortex of the medulla.
• Vasa Recta surrounding the Loop of Henle help to maintain osmotic gradient by absorbing the water that is secreted from the Loop of Henle.
Renal Medulla
38
ToC
.31X
Medulla
Collecting Duct
Thick Limb Loop of Henle
20X
The collecting duct functions in the concentration of urine. Responsive to ADH, the collecting duct contains membrane pores that allow water to be secreted from the tubular fluid to the surrounding vasa recta in order to retain water.
Hypophysis
39
ToC
1.25X
Pars Nervosa
Pars Distalis
Acidophils-
Basophils-
Produce somatropin and prolactin
Produce ACTH, TSH, FSH, and LH
20X
Herring Body- Accumulations of Neruosecretory material at the end of the axon terminals in the pars nervosa.
Thyroid
40
ToC
.63X
Thyroid follicles
1.25X
Parafollicular- Cells
Follicles with Colloid
10X Follicular cells-Responsible for production of thyroid hormones as controlled by TSH
Synthesize and secrete calcitonin to lower blood calcium levels by reducing number of osteoclasts
Adrenal Gland
41
ToC
.63X Zona Glomerulosa- produce and secrete aldosterone
Zona Fasiculata- produce and secrete cortisol as stimulated by ACTH
Zona Reticularis- produce androgens that maintain secondary sexual characteristics in females, but are relatively negligible in males
Adrenal Medulla
Chromaffin Cells- responsible for producing catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine (fight or flight response)
20X
10X
Seminiferous Tubules
42
ToC
Sertoli Cells-• Produce Androgen Binding Protein• Form Blood-Testes Barrier• Prominent Nucleoli
Spermatogonia-• Stem cell• Located along basal lamina
Primary Spermatocyte-• Condensed Chromosomes• Crossing over occurs
Spermatids-• Phase before final maturation
(spermiogenesis)
Leydig Cells-• Produce androgens driven by LH
20X
Epididymus &Vas Deferens
43
ToC
Epididymus-• Tall Columnar Epithelium• Stereocilia• Secrete GPC (make sperm
plasma membrane rigid• Surrounded by smooth muscle
to propel sperm• Drain to…
20X
Vas Deferens-• Pseudostratified
Columnar Epithelium• Sparse Stereocilia• 3 layers of smooth
muscle oriented:• Longitudinally• Circularly• Longitudnally
1.25X20X
Prostate Gland
44
ToC
1.25X
Prostate Gland-• Typically simple cuboidal to
columnar epithelium• Produces alkaline secretion to
neutralize acidic pH of female reproductive tract
• pH change activates motility of the sperm
Prostatic Concretions- Form in older individuals when the secretory material precipitates
40X
Accessory Gland along with seminal vessicles and bulbourethral gland
Ovary & Ovarian Follicles
45
ToC
Ovarian Follicles in
cortex
.63XPrimordial Follicle-
40X
Primary Follicle-
40X
Develops into
Secondary Follicle-
Develops into
20X
• Located just beneath Tunica Albuginea
• Surrounded by squamous follicluar cells
• Granulosa cells surround primary oocyte
• Corona radiata- single layer of granulosa cells surrounding primary oocyte
• Zona pelucida- noncellular glycoprotein layer between the corona radiata and primary oocyte
• Granulosa cells remain at the periphery of the follicle
• Corona radiata remains with the primary oocyte
• Forms the antrum
40X
Fallopian Tubes
46
ToC
5X
Lumen
Mucosal folds
Internal circular smooth muscle
Outer longitudnal smooth muscle
Peg cells: nonciliated cells that produce and secrete nutritive fluid which covers the epithelium
Ciliated cells: sweep toward uterus
Fallopian Tubes: Site of Fertilization
10X
.31X
Vagina
47
ToC
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Lamina Propria, typically with abundant lymphocytes and blood vessels, but no glands.
• The vagina consists of three layers: mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia.
• In contrast to the esophagus, the lamina propria of the vagina does not contain glands.
40X
Crista Ampullaris
48
ToC
.63X Crista Ampullaris is part of the vestibular system that is responsible for detecting and monitoring angular velocity
10X
Cupola: distinguished from macula due to the absence of otoliths
Hair Cells
Supporting Cells
Macula
49
ToC
.63X
10X
Otolithic Membrane
Macula responds to head orientation, gravity, and linear acceleration
Otolithic membrane
Hair Cells
Support Cells
40X
20X
Cochlea
50
ToC
1.25X
Tectorial Membrane
Outer Hair Cells: type II w/o kinocilia. Located at the end of the tectorial membrane.
Basilar Membrane
Scala Media: containing endolymph
Stria Vascularis: produces endolymph for the entire inner ear by removing ions from the capillaries running through the epithelium (similar to the choroid plexus in the brain).
Capillary
20X
End
olym
ph
20X
.31X
Eye
51
ToC
CorneaPupil
Limbus: corneal/sclera junction
Lens
Optic Disc: site of optic nerve exit
Ciliary Process: surface epithelium is a double layer of pigmented and nonpigmented cuboidal cells. The nonpigmented layer is the basal surface and thus the inner layer. The pigmented layer is the
outer layer. There is no true basal lamina.
Pigmented outer layer
Nonpigmented inner layer
.31X
40X
Retina
52
ToC
CorneaPupil
Limbus: corneal/sclera junction
Lens
Optic Disc: site of optic nerve exit
Ganglionic Layer
Bipolar Cell Layer
Nuclei of Rods and ConesPigmented Epithelium: absrobs stray light that misses the photoreceptor cells
Inner Choroid Layer
ChoroidOuter Choroid Layer
Sclera