Hidrolika OLB

7/30/2019 Hidrolika OLB

1/48

Hydraulics

for

OLB

Prepared by : Asep M. I. Shiddiq


2/48

Name : Asep M. I. ShiddiqAddress : Komp. Riung Bandung Blok

IVB No. 168 Bandung.

HP` : 08156272401

Institution : Pusdiklat Migas

Education : Magister of Petroleum

Engineering ITB

E-mail : [email protected]

: [email protected]


3/48

Objectives :

a. Detemination of laminar or turbulent flow

b. Rheological model (newtonian & non-newtonian)

c. Determination pressure loss in pipe and annulusd. Determination pressure drop across the Bit

e. Determination HHP, PHP, BHHP, IHP and BHP


4/48

Mud Flow Rate & Velocity

Mud Flow rate :t

VolQ

Mud velocity :t

Lv

Mud Volume : ALVol x

Substitute Eq. (3) to (1) :

(1)

(2)

(3)

AxvAxtL

tALQ )(. (4)

Average Velocity of

mud: AQ

v (5)


5/48

Velocity inside DP

Equation in field unit :

min/52.24

144

48.7

)())(4/(

)gal/min(2

2

2

3

22 ftID

Q

in

ft

gal

ft

xinID

Qv

dp

dp

sec/4085.0sec/60

152.2422

ftID

QxftxID

Qxvdp


6/48

Velocity in DP


22 )(4085.0

)(448.2 dpdpdp

ID

Qx

IDx

Qv

Where :

inchDPdiameterInsideIDgpmrateFlowQ

fpsftDPinvelocityv

dp

dp

,)(

sec),/(


7/48

Velocity in DC


22 )(4085.0

)(448.2 dcdcdc

ID

Qx

IDx

Qv

Where :

inchDCdiameterInsideIDgpmrateFlowQ

fpsftDCinvelocityv

dc

dc

,)(

sec),/(


8/48

Velocity in Annulus DP&Casing


)(4085.0

)(448.22222/

dpcdpc

cdpODID

Qx

ODIDx

Qv

Where :

inchDP,diameterOutsideOD

inchCasing,diameterInsideID(gpm)rateFlowQ

fps(ft/sec),DCinvelocityv

dp

c

dp/c


9/48

Velocity in Other Section

Equation in DP & Open Hole :

)(4085.0

)(448.22222/

dphdph

hdpODD

Qx

ODDx

Qv

Equation in DC & Open Hole :

)(4085.0

)(448.22222/

dchdch

hdcODD

Qx

ODDx

Qv


10/48

Velocity in Bit Nozzles


)(4085.0

)(448.22

3

2

2

2

1

2

3

2

2

2

1 ddd

Qx

dddx

Qvn

Where :

inchDiameterd

inchDiameterd

inchDiameterdgpmratePumpQ

fpsftnozzleinvelocityvn

,3nozzle

,2nozzle

,1nozzle)(

sec),/(

3

2

1


11/48

Problem

Data :Pump rate : 250 gpm

DP : 5 OD, 4.276 ID

DC : 7 OD, 2,5 ID

Casing : 9-5/8 OD, 9.083IDHole diameter : 8.5

Nozzle size : 10x10x11

Calculate mud velocity:

a. In the annulus between drill pipe-casing ?b. In the annulus between drill pipe-hole ?

c. In the annulus between drill collar-hole ?

d. Nozzle velocity?


12/48

Continuity Formula

Equation:

)()(22

/

22

/

22

dphhdpdpccdpdcdcdpdp ODDxvODIDxvIDxvIDxv

)()(2

3

2

2

2

1

22

/

2dddxvODDxvIDxv ndchhdcdpdp


13/48

Problem

Data :The velocity in DP is 6 fps

DP : 5 OD, 4.276 ID

DC : 7 OD, 2,5 ID

Casing : 9-5/8 OD, 9.083ID

Hole diameter : 8.5Nozzle size : 10x10x11

Calculate mud velocity:

a. In drill collar?

b. In the annulus between drill pipe-casing ?

c. In the annulus between drill pipe-hole ?

d. In the annulus between drill collar-hole ?

e. Nozzle velocity?

f. Mud flow rate?


14/48

Type of Mud flow

Laminar flow

Mud flows parallel or in line with the pipe, regularly and slow. The

mud velocity in the center of pipe is the highest and near the wall of

the pipe is slower


15/48

Type of Mud flow

Turbulent flow

the mud flows irregularly and fast. The mud flow in the annulus

between drill string and open hole must not turbulent. It should

be laminar flow.


16/48

Flow Type


17/48

Type of Mud flow

In oil well drilling, turbulent flow is to be avoided as far as possible,

since turbulence can cause :

Severe hole erosion

Pressure loss increase with degree of turbulence

In cementing, turbulence is deliberately initiated to :

Displace the mud cake from the wall of hole

Allow the cement to contact the fresh surface of theformation

This will then result a better cementing job.


18/48

Determining of mud flow

To determine the type of mud flow is based on :

The critical mud velocity.

If the mud velocity is higher than the its critical mud velocity, the mud flow

is turbulent. When the mud velocity is slower or equal, the mud flow is

laminar.

Vm > Vc Turbulent

Vm < Vc Laminar

The Reynold Number.

Nre < 2100 : Laminer

Nre > 2100 : Turbulen


19/48

Critical Mud Velocity

Critical mud velocity in DP:

)).((

))).(.()(34.12()(078.1))(078.1( 22

MWID

YPMWIDPVPV

dpc dp

dp

v

Where :

inchDPdiameterinsideID

ppgweightmudMWftlbyieldmudYP

cPplasticmudPV

fpsvelocitymudcriticalv

dp

dpc

,

,100/viscosity,

viscosity,

,

2


20/48


Critical mud velocity in DC:

)).((

)).(.()(34.12)(078.1)(078.1 22

MWID

YPMWIDPVPV

dcc dc

dcv

Where :

inchDCdiameterinsideID


cPplasticmudPV


dc

dcc

,

,

100/viscosity,

viscosity,

,

2


21/48


Critical mud velocity Between DP & casing :

)).((

)).(.()(256.9)(078.1)(078.1

/

22

MWODID

YPMWODIDPVPV

cdpc dpc

dpc

v

Where :

inchDPdiameterinsideID


cPplasticmudPV


dp

cdpc

,

,100/viscosity,

viscosity,

,

2

/


22/48


Critical mud velocity Between DP & open hole :

)).((

)).(.()(256.9)(078.1)(078.1

/

22

MWODD

YPMWODDPVPV

hdpc dph

dph

v

Where :

inchsumurdiameterID


cPplasticmudPV


h

hdpc

,

,100/viscosity,

viscosity,

,

2

/


23/48


Critical mud velocity Between DC & open hole :

)).((

)).(.()(256.9)(078.1)(078.1

/

22

MWODD

YPMWODDPVPV

hdcc dch

dchv

Where :

inchsumurdiameterID


cPplasticmudPV


h

hdcc

,

,100/viscosity,

viscosity,

,

2

/


24/48

Variable Reynold Number :

Pipe diameter

Density of fluid

Viscosity of fluid Average flow velocity of fluid


25/48

Reynold Number

Note :Nre < 2100 : Laminer

Nre > 2100 : Turbulen


26/48

Pressure Loss

Pressure loss through DP

Pressure loss through DC

Pressure loss through annulus between DP open hole

Pressure loss through annulus between DC open hole

Pressure loss through annulus between DP casing

Pressure loss through the bit

Pressure loss through surface equipment


27/48

Pressure Loss


28/48

Pressure loss DP

Laminar Flow :

).(225

).(

).(1500

.).(2

dp

dp

dp

dpdp

dpID

LYP

ID

VLPVP

Turbulent Flow :

)(8.25

).(.. 2

dp

dpdp

dpID

VLMWf

P


29/48

Pressure loss DP

factorfrictionf

cPityvisplasticPV

inchDPdiameterInsideID

fpsvelocitymudv

ftDPofLengthL

psiDPlosspressureP

where

dp

dp

dp

,cos

,

,

,

,

:


30/48

Pressure loss DC

Laminar Flow :

).(225

).(

).(1500

.).(2

dc

dc

dc

dcdcdc

ID

LYP

ID

VLPVP

Turbulent Flow :

)(8.25

).(.. 2

dc

dcdcdcID

VLMWfP


31/48

Pressure loss DC-OH

Laminar Flow :

).(200

).(

).(1000

.).(2

//

dch

dc

dch

hdcdchdc

ODD

LYP

ODD

VLPVP

Turbulent Flow :

)(8.25

).(.. 2

/

dch

dcdchdc

ODD

VLMWfP


32/48

Pressure loss DP-OH

Laminar Flow :

).(200

).(

).(1000

.).(2

/

/

dph

dp

dph

hdpdp

hdp

ODD

LYP

ODD

VLPVP

Turbulent Flow :

)(8.25

).(.. 2

/

dph

dpdp

hdpODD

VLMWf

P


33/48

Pressure loss DP-Casing

Laminar Flow :

).(200

).(

).(1000

.).( /2

//

/

dpc

cdp

dpc

cdpcdp

cdp

ODD

LYP

ODD

VLPVP

Turbulent Flow :

)(8.25

).(.. 2///

dpc

cdpcdp

cdpODID

VLMWf

P


34/48

Pressure Loss Across the Bit

Pressure Loss :

22

2

).(.12032

).(

CdAn

QMWPb

edischoftcoefficienCd

ppgweightmudMW

inchnozzlebitareationcrossAn

gpmrateflowQ

psibittheacrosslosspressureP

where

b

arg

,

,sec

,

,

:

2

% Pressure loss at bit : 50% - 65%

Flowrate : 30 70 gpm/inc of diamater bit


35/48

T.F.A Comparison Chart


36/48

Pressure Loss Through

Surface Equipment

Surface equipment :

Stand pipe

Rotary Hose

Swivel

Kelly


37/48


38/48

Equivalent Length

ComponentComb. 1 Comb. 2 Comb. 3 Comb. 4

ID,in L, ft ID,in L, ft ID,in L, ft ID,in L, ft

Standpipe 2 40 3.5 40 4 45 4 45

Rot. Hose 2 45 2.5 55 3 55 3 55

Swivel 2 4 2.5 5 2.5 5 3 5

Kelly 2.25 40 3.25 40 3.25 40 4 40

OD DP, in Equivalent Length, ft

3.5 437 161

4.25 761 479 340

5.0 816 579


39/48

Equivalent Length


40/48

Total Pressure Loss

Total pressure loss :

bsccdphdphdcdcdp PPPPPPPP ///

Paracitic pressure loss :

Pressure loss in the mud circulating equipment without bit

nozzle pressure loss.

sccdphdphdcdcdpp PPPPPPP ///


41/48

Problem

The data given during circulation with 350 GPM are as follows :

Pressure loss on the surface line : 25 Psi

Pressure loss through DP : 300 Psi

Pressure loss through DC : 100 PsiPressure loss through Bit : 800 Psi

Pressure loss through DP and DC annulus : 100 Psi

Hydrostatic prsssure on bottom hole : 3500 Psi

Calculate :

The pump pressure ?


42/48

Hydraulic Optimization


43/48

Rules of Thumb


44/48

Thank U...


45/48


46/48

QUIZ

Drill pipe 5 OD, 4.275ID 7550 ft. Open hole 8.5. Casing 9-5/8

OD, 9.1 ID, Velocity through annulus between DP and hole is 3 fps,

mud viscosity is 30 cP, YP = 8 lb/100ft2 and MW = 11 ppg.

(friction factor = 0.005)

Calculate :

a. Mud velocity in DP ?

b. Critical velocity in DP?c. Predict the type of flowing in DP?

d. How much is the pressure loss in the DP?


47/48

QUIZ

Drill pipe 5 OD, 4.275ID. Open hole 12.25. Velocity through

annulus between DP and hole is 3 fps, mud viscosity is 30 cP, YP =

8 lb/100ft2 and MW = 11 ppg.

Calculate :

a. Mud velocity in DP ?

b. Critical velocity in DP?

c. Predict the type of flowing in DP?


48/48

The mud flow rate is 500 gpm. The nozzle size is 11 x 10 x 10, MW

= 10 ppg, coefficient of discharge = 0.95

Calculate :

How much is the pressure losses across the bit nozzle ?

Note :

An = total area of three nozzle= 3 x (/4) x (d/32)2 inch2

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